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Health Practice Guideliens are supposed to unify practices and propose recommendations to physicians. This paper describes GemFrame, a system capable of semi-automatically filling an XML template from free texts in the clinical domain. The XML template includes semantic information not explicitly encoded in the text (pairs of conditions and ac-tions/recommendations). Therefore, there is a need to compute the exact scope of condi-tions over text sequences expressing the re-quired actions. We present a system developped for this task. We show that it yields good performance when applied to the analysis of French practice guidelines. We conclude with a precise evaluation of the tool.
Résumé Cet article est une tentative pour définir les rapports entre clinique de l’activité, clinique du travail et psychosociologie clinique. Les concepts de travail, de reconnaissance et de clinique dialogique sont précisés. Enfin, les rapports entre clinique de l’activité et psychanalyse sont aussi analysés.
• Il existe un vaste champ de connaissances en psychologie cognitive appliquée à l’éducation médicale. • Ces connaissances ont permis de mieux comprendre les processus du raisonnement, l’organisation des connaissances et le recueil de l’information clinique et de développer certaines stratégies pédagogiques fondées sur des données probantes. • Les médecins font appel à des processus mixtes de raisonnement, associant des stratégies analytiques, comme le raisonnement hypothético-déductif, et des stratégies non analytiques telle la reconnaissance spontanée d’une conjonction de signes cliniques. • L’organisation des connaissances peut prendre diverses formes dont les plus élaborées consistent en des réseaux richement interconnectés. • L’activation des connaissances passe par le plus souvent une étape de représentation mentale de la teneur du problème clinique. • L’acquisition des données cliniques est conditionnée par la génération précoce d’hypothèses diagnostiques. • L’apprentissage des seuls processus de raisonnement n’est pas efficace s’il ne s’accompagne pas de l’acquisition simultanée des connaissances spécifiques nécessaires pour résoudre un problème clinique.
Bien que le trouble d'anxiete generalisee (TAG) soit l'un des troubles anxieux les plus frequents, les professionnels de la sante n'arrivent pas a bien le deceler chez leur clientele. Afin d'aider ceux-ci, il existe un instrument autoadministre qui permet d'evaluer les criteres diagnostiques du TAG : le Questionnaire sur l'inquietude et l'anxiete (QIA). Cette recherche comprend trois etudes qui ont mesure les qualites psychometriques du QIA. Les resultats de l'etude 1 indiquent que le QIA determine le degre d'inquietude de maniere specifique et sensible dans un echantillon non clinique. Pour ce qui est de l'etude 2, elle revele que le QIA distingue les patients atteints du TAG des sujets non cliniques. Enfin, les resultats de l'etude 3 demontrent que le QIA obtient un indice de fidelite test-retest satisfaisant dans un echantillon non clinique. Nous sommes donc en mesure d'affirmer que le QIA presente de bonnes qualites psychometriques dans des echantillons non cliniques et cliniques. Puisque le QIA se remplit en quelques minutes, il constitue un precieux outil diagnostique pour les professionnels de la sante.
A new theory suggests the universe is constantly recording its own history in the fabric of spacetime。 If correct, this cosmic memory could help solve some of the biggest puzzles in physics, from black holes to dark matter and the universe’s ultimate fate
Researchers discovered that hydrogen radicals generated by intense UV light can break down stubborn PFAS “forever chemicals” without added chemicals。 The breakthrough reveals a key mechanism that could lead to greener and more effective technologies for permanently destroying these pollutants
Oxford physicists have created an entirely new type of Schrödinger’s cat-like quantum state using components that are themselves highly quantum in nature。 The advance could open new possibilities for more resilient quantum computers and deeper insights into the strange rules that govern the quantum universe
A new technique could solve one of the biggest challenges in making future computer chips from ultrathin materials。 Researchers found that coating molybdenum disulfide with oxygen or fluorine lets manufacturers remove just the top layer of atoms much more safely during plasma processing。 The result is a cleaner, more controlled path toward smaller
Scientists discovered that rice behaves in a highly unusual way: it weakens under rapid compression but stays stronger when pressure is applied slowly。 Using this effect, they engineered a new material that reacts differently to gentle movements and sudden impacts。 The material can adapt its stiffness automatically, opening the door to safer soft r
Physicists have solved a long-standing problem involving systems that appear to violate Newton’s third law, such as bird flocks and bacterial swarms。 By adding carefully designed “imaginary partners” to their models, they can now simulate these complex systems with unprecedented accuracy
A new nature-inspired membrane uses perfectly uniform one-nanometer pores to filter molecules with remarkable precision。 The technology could transform industries such as pharmaceuticals and textiles by reducing energy consumption, improving water reuse, and delivering separation performance far beyond current filters
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NASA’s upgraded Cold Atom Lab is turning the International Space Station into a frontier for quantum research, creating ultra-cold matter that behaves in astonishing ways。 The experiments could unlock new discoveries about the universe while paving the way for powerful future technologies in space and on Earth
A new sunlight-powered material can convert visible light into higher-energy UV light, overcoming a challenge that has frustrated scientists for years。 The breakthrough could enable cleaner air purification, solar-driven chemistry, and advanced manufacturing technologies using nothing more than natural sunlight
Humans evolved to pay close attention to danger, but today that instinct is being overwhelmed by an endless supply of bad news from around the world。 Researchers say the answer isn’t to stop following current events—it’s to build healthier habits around how, when, and where we get our news
Astronomers may have witnessed one of the rarest and most dramatic cosmic events ever seen: a long-sought intermediate-mass black hole ripping apart a dense white dwarf star and devouring it。 The Einstein Probe space telescope caught the explosion in its earliest moments, revealing an unusual sequence of intense X-ray flashes unlike anything seen i
A groundbreaking superconducting X-ray spectrometer has begun operation at BESSY II, giving Europe its first TES-based system and boosting photon detection efficiency by up to 1,000 times。 The advance enables scientists to explore atomically thin materials, nanostructures, and ultra-dilute samples with remarkable speed and sensitivity
Researchers found that twisting layered sheets of hexagonal boron nitride can dramatically change the light produced by quantum emitters embedded within the material。 The technique offers an unexpected new level of control over components that could power future quantum computers, communications systems, and sensors
Using the Keck Observatory, astronomers measured the spins of dozens of giant planets and brown dwarfs orbiting distant stars。 They found that giant planets can spin faster than much more massive brown dwarfs, challenging simple assumptions about mass and rotation。 The results suggest that magnetic fields and formation processes play a major role i