Current research aims to investigate a less explored bacterium V. fluvialis VB1 from biggest natural carbon dioxide sink marine origin in carbon sequestration study. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) producing bacteria was isolated from marine origin. Out of 35 bacterial isolates, three bacterial (VB1, VB2 and VB3) isolates showed CO2 fixing ability in primary screening test. Among which one of the isolates, VB1 showed high esterase activity in secondary screening. The isolate VB1 was taken further for identification, purification of CA and further experimental findings. The CA strain was identified as Vibrio fluvialis by 16 S-rRNA sequence analysis and sequence submitted in NCBI-GenBank. Furthermore, for more enzyme titres optimization of bacterial growth, a response surface methodology (RSM) was employed by Box-Benken designs (BBDs) model. The optimized parameter resulted in elevation of enzyme production led to their activity from 121.15 µmol/ml to 138.56 µmol/ml. Moreover, the biosequestration activity of CA showed positive result by bioprecipitation of CO2 into CaCO3 confirmed by SEM and EDAX. By which V. fluvialis can be added up on list of potential strain for carbon sequestration and can be used to establish sustainable CCUs.
This article examines a fundamental transformation in thirteenth-century theory of science by tracing the shifting role of the subiectum scientiae in scholastic theology. While Aristotelian epistemics defined a science through a unitary subject conceived as a logical genus, medieval debates-especially within the Parisian university context-revealed increasing tensions when applying this framework to theology. Focusing on key figures such as Robert Kilwardby, Thomas Aquinas, and Giles of Rome, the article reconstructs an epistemological turn whereby the subject of science was progressively reinterpreted in relation to the intellect and its objects. Kilwardby's essentialist redefinition of the subject as a unified nature laid the groundwork for this development. Aquinas advanced it further by integrating the notion of obiectum and emphasizing the role of the intellect, introducing a dual account in which both subject and formal object contribute to the unity of a science. The decisive shift occurs in Giles of Rome, who effectively collapses the distinction by identifying the subject with the principal object of cognition, thereby centering epistemology on the relation between intellect and object. This reorientation foregrounded the limits of human cognition and intensified debates about the scientific status of theology, particularly in contrast to divine and beatific knowledge. The article argues that these developments culminate in an emergent notion of "subjective science," wherein the identity and validity of scientific knowledge become inseparable from the capacities of the knowing subject. This medieval trajectory, far from being anachronistic, offers a historically grounded account of the epistemic conditions that anticipate later conceptions of subjectivity.
This study introduces an integrative paradigm for assessing working memory control by combining cognitive inhibition and working memory tasks within a unified experimental framework. Traditional approaches often measure these executive functions separately, limiting ecological validity and underrepresenting their dynamic interplay in real-world cognition. We examined the predictive value of standard tasks, including the N-back, Stroop, and Stop Signal, for working memory control and its relation to set shifting. Participants were undergraduate psychology students (N = 238) in their third semester who completed a series of behavioural tasks as part of a Cognitive Psychology course, with voluntary consent for research use of their data. Findings revealed that performance on the N-back and Stroop tasks significantly predicted working memory control, supporting the notion that it arises from the interaction between active maintenance/manipulation and interference resolution. In contrast, the Stop Signal Task did not predict working memory control, highlighting the distinct contributions of cognitive inhibition over motor response inhibition in executive coordination. Furthermore, working memory control significantly predicted set shifting ability, with Stroop and N-back performance also indirectly predicting set shifting through their influence on working memory control. We also found that the relationship between cognitive inhibition, working memory, and set shifting differed according to working memory control capacity. Specifically, individuals with higher working memory control relied more on cognitive inhibition, whereas those with lower working memory control relied more on working memory ability to support set shifting performance. These results support a notion that inhibitory control and working memory can be assessed simultaneously within a single paradigm. Implications for theoretical models and future cognitive testing approaches are discussed.
Pathological ossification is seen affecting different organs across the body. This includes the Achilles tendon, where the healing process after rupture can be impaired by heterotopic ossifications (HO). The formation pathways for HO in tendons are still debated, and one reason for this is our limited knowledge of their structure and composition in 3D. This study utilizes a multimodal 3D characterization approach to study HO and the surrounding healing tissue at 3-, 6-, and 12-week post-transection in rat Achilles tendons. Microcomputed tomography provided 3D microstructural information. Small- and wide-angle scattering tensor tomography contributed with combined collagen and hydroxyapatite (HA) 3D nanostructural information. Combined 3D X-ray diffraction and fluorescence provided high-resolution structural dimensions of HA crystallites, and chemical composition of both the deposits and the surrounding healing tendon tissue. Morphologically, dense mineralized tissue appeared more fibrous, with higher co-localized quantities of Zn present internally, while porous regions of HO deposits had Zn localization primarily at the boundary. Collagen d-spacing was higher within HO deposits than in the surrounding collagenous tendon tissue. Collagen misalignment close to the HO boundary supports the notion of tissue mineralization occurring prior to the full assembly of the healing tendon network. This methodology can be extrapolated to investigate pathological ossification in other tissues at the nanoscale while capturing the heterogeneity of entire specimens.
Pestivirus scrofae (previously atypical porcine pestivirus, APPV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. This virus has been established as the etiological agent of congenital tremor (CT) type AII, a neurological disorder in newborn piglets characterized by generalized tremors. Despite this association, the epidemiological characteristics of the virus, including its transmission dynamics and patterns of spread between herds, remain poorly understood. It has already been confirmed that, similarly to other flaviviruses, APPV can be shed by semen. Previously, we have identified interstitial Leydig cells, the peritubular myoid cells and smooth muscle cells of medium-sized arteries as target cells of APPV in the testicles of newborn, congenitally infected, CT-affected piglets. In our present study, we examined FFPE tissue samples obtained from a persistently infected 6-months-old, sexually mature boar, born with CT, that was still shedding 2.1 × 109 GE/mL APPV in its semen. We detected viral genome by RNAscope in situ hybridization method in the T-cell zones of the lymph nodes draining the reproductive organs and the GALT of the ileum, periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of the spleen and in cells of the intestinal crypts in the ileum. We also identified positive cells in the molecular, granular and the Purkinje-cell layer of the cerebellum, and in the neurons of the spinal cord and the cerebral cortex. We found weak positive signal in the colon, but none in the lungs and the liver. Interestingly, positive signals were detected in the outer layers of the adrenal gland cortex (zona glomerulosa and fasciculata), as well as in the acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. In reproductive organs, viral nucleic acid was detected in the Leydig cells and peritubular myoid cells of the testicles, in cells within the seminiferous tubules and in the epididymis. We also found positive cells in the prostate and the bulbourethral gland. The shedding of the virus in semen supports the notion that infected cells within the reproductive tract may serve as a source of the virus in semen. These affected cells of the reproductive tract could serve as source of the virus in semen. Our results suggest that APPV is capable of crossing the blood-testis barrier, and may be associated with persistent infection, including cases likely originating from congenital exposure, in pigs and boars that can actively shed the virus. Therefore, the use of such animals for breeding purposes should be approached with caution. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of persistent infection.
Marion Fourcade and Kieran Healy developed the notion of "classification situations" to describe how ordinal schema that sort and rank individuals, like credit scores, are used to differentiate opportunities, prices, and services in ways that structure life chances while masking inequality as meritocratic. We argue that contemporary criminal records increasingly function as such classificatory tools. The proliferation of alternatives to traditional case processing and record-relief policies challenge the widely-held view of criminal records as binary markers of exclusion by revealing a system that is increasingly gradational, dynamic, and responsive to intervention. Drawing on examples from criminal law, policy, and the private market, we show how opportunities to mitigate or remediate criminal record marks are structured to reward those with greater social and material resources. We then test our theory using linked, individual-level administrative criminal record, education, and unemployment insurance wage data. Our findings illustrate how the severity of a criminal record is not necessarily based on factual guilt or culpability but rooted in social advantage.
The relationship between domestic violence and mental health is intricate and complex. Domestic violence can be categorised into intimate partner violence and family violence. While most studies have focused on the former, less is known about the prevalence and the characteristics of family violence among adult mental health patients. Moreover, data is lacking on the needs of mental healthcare users who are victims of domestic violence, in terms of specific (legal and social) support. The present study aims to assess the prevalence and the characteristics of recent (<12 months) domestic violence in its two forms among a population of adult outpatients undergoing intensive psychiatric follow up. The sample included 206 participants, mostly women (71%), aged 19 to 64 (mean age 36, SD 11.8). The extended version of the Hit, Insult, Threat and Scream Scale (E-HITS) was used to screen intimate partner violence and domestic violence. The prevalence of recent domestic violence was 29.1%. Specifically, 16.5% had been victims of intimate partner violence and 12.6% of family violence. Women showed a statistically higher risk of facing domestic violence. No significant differences were observed in other socio-demographic characteristics (living conditions, marital status, residence permit, employment, education) or in previous recourse to emergency care. FV was especially prevalent among young patients, even though statistical significance was not reached. While previous disclosure rates were surprisingly high among the victims of intimate partner violence and family violence (70%), the victims of family violence (7.7%) were given significantly less specific support than the victims of intimate partner violence (41%). These findings confirm the notion that domestic violence is highly prevalent in mental health settings, and that violence is not limited to couples. Clinicians should be careful when detecting family violence especially among young patients, whose self-protection could be hindered by psychological and material boundaries.
Prison authorities around the world are increasingly adopting more politically palatable alternatives to segregation - often referred to as solitary confinement. In 2019, the Canadian government enacted Bill C-83, legally abolishing segregation in federal prisons - at least, on paper - and established Structured Intervention Units (SIUs) as a supposedly less harmful alternative. Critics have problematized the Correctional Service of Canada's implementation of the SIU model as maintaining previous segregation practices under the rhetoric of 'reform'. Building upon these criticisms, this article challenges the common refrain that segregation spaces are prisons within prisons, spaces that are somehow different - extraordinary even - in terms of their material conditions and administration. While segregation or SIUs reflect the most austere and punitive form of isolation, they do not exist apart from the wider carceral environment. Developing the notion of emotional circuitry, we examine formerly incarcerated people's (n = 57) experiences of moving between general population, SIUs, and other segregation-like spaces. We highlight the falsity of distinguishing SIUs as a distinct carceral space, and the importance of understanding its spatial, material, and emotional effects as born from the violence of the broader incarceration experience that no degree of segregation-specific reforms can ameliorate.
Background/Objectives: The dental profession is undergoing significant transformation driven by societal changes, technological advancements, evolving patient expectations, and increased attention to sustainability. These developments challenge traditional notions of dental competence and highlight the need for educational frameworks that support adaptability and longitudinal professional development. The aim of this study was to develop a contextually grounded competence framework for undergraduate dental education through an iterative, multi-method process informed by key educational stakeholders. Methods: A multi-method approach was used, combining a preparatory phase (literature review, interviews) with a development phase (drafting and workshops) that was revisited in response to feedback, followed by iterative voting rounds that prompted further minor revisions. A deductive exploratory mapping analysis aligned the emerging framework with existing intended learning outcomes across the curriculum. Results: The multi-method process produced descriptions of a framework that deliberately integrates roles, skills, and attributes to capture key dimensions of professional competence in dentistry. The framework includes six domains: 'Evidence-informed', 'Decision-maker', 'Communicator', 'Acting with professional conduct', 'Health ambassador', and 'Collaborator and leader'. Across voting rounds, the domains were generally rated between 'neutral' and 'very important', with each round prompting minor revisions. Mapping suggested alignment between the overarching framework and the detailed curriculum. Conclusions: This study presents the outcome of a structured, exploratory multi-method process to develop a locally relevant competence framework, integrated into a dental education. The participatory design supported clarity and relevance. While sharing similarities with existing frameworks, the new framework also includes differences. The term 'professional conduct' was preferred rather than 'professionalism', and the domains 'collaborator and leader' and 'decision-maker' were identified as relevant according to employer expectations. Although the work was based locally at one dental school, the approach may be transferable to similar contexts.
Obesity is a worldwide public health issue, and it is crucial to identify individual risk factors for excessive food intake, as these may help inform obesity prevention/treatment efforts. One potential reason for which some individuals, but not others, overeat and become obese is food consumption in response to emotions, particularly in the absence of effective emotion regulation (ER) strategies. The current study used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to assess the effect of emotions and ER on eating in daily life in women with obesity (n = 46) and women with a healthy weight (n = 54). After completing a baseline questionnaire, participants responded to an EMA survey regarding momentary emotions, ER, and eating behavior five times per day for seven days. Women with obesity used less adaptive ER than women with a healthy weight in daily life. Positive emotions were prospectively associated with more unhealthy food choices in daily life. Negative emotions and ER were not prospectively associated with any eating behavior in daily life. Our findings do not support the notion that improving ER in response to negative emotions could be an effective intervention to reduce food consumption. Yet, in light of our findings regarding positive emotions, future studies could test whether improving ER in response to positive emotions could help individuals manage unhealthy food choices.
We commend developing a processual, relational and experiential psychosocial framework for exploring the human impacts of crises, disasters and extreme events that encompasses multidisciplinary contributions interactively. We suggest a paradigm shift employing the notion and properties of liminality, because this refers directly to change and meets the challenges we outline.
The increasing demand and diversification of food consumption among Chinese residents have brought to light the escalating environmental impact. This study seeks to elucidate the correlation between shifts in China's dietary patterns and environmental consequences over the period of 2017-2023. The study represents the systematic assessment-covering 11 food categories across provincial spatial scales and employing the 2017 Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) table-of how nationally recommended healthy dietary guidelines reshape the spatial distribution of environmental pressures within China, identifying key leverage points. In contrast to the prevailing notion in international research that a healthy diet typically alleviates environmental pressure, under the guidance of China's Healthy Diet Guidelines, our research results are as follows: (1) The carbon and water footprints of food consumption among Chinese residents exhibited fluctuations and overall increases, with a spatial distribution characterized by higher levels in the southeast and lower levels in the northwest. (2) In a healthy dietary pattern, compared with food consumption in 2023, the total carbon footprint increased by 234.47 Mt CO₂-eq (21.26%) and the total water footprint increased by 291.49 km³(27.76%), with dairy products as the main contributor. (3) Compared to the actual baseline in 2017, adopting the healthy dietary pattern would increase the transferred carbon footprint by 440.98 Mt CO₂-eq (49.72%) and the water footprint by 486.43 km³ (57.51%). Guangdong, serving as a transfer hub, primarily directed carbon and water footprints to Fujian and received them mainly from Guangxi.
Jumbo bacteriophages are bacterial viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes exceeding 200 kb. These viral giants feature exceptionally large virions, expansive genetic repertoires, and in some cases, remarkable eukaryotic-like traits. Jumbo phages challenge long-standing notions of phage simplicity, redefining the boundaries of what a phage can be. In this Review, we examine the biology of jumbo bacteriophages, highlighting their diversity, evolutionary origins, distinctive morphologies and lifecycles, complex interactions with bacterial hosts, and their potential for biotechnology and therapy, with a focus on, but not limited to, the Chimalliviridae phages.
How species adapt to local climates across their ranges remains a central question in ecology and evolutionary biology. Though phenotypic responses to climate are well documented, the genetic basis for these adaptive responses remains largely unresolved. Here, we integrate biophysical and genomic methods to identify genomic variants associated with climate-induced patterns of activity and nest conditions across the range of the Eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). We first use a biophysical model to estimate potential annual activity and incubation temperatures for nests across the species' range. The biophysical parameters were then used in gene-environmental association models to identify candidate genes underlying adaptation to climate. The biological functions of candidate genes were assessed through enrichment analyses. Lastly, we use genome-wide linkage disequilibrium to identify evidence of co-selection or epistatic interactions on candidate genes. In general, activity time decreased with latitude, while the range of nest temperatures increased with latitude. However, mean nest temperatures do not correlate with latitude, longitude, or elevation. Genomic analyses identified 2040 candidate genes, of which 48 enriched for two KEGG pathways: the calcium signaling pathway and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pathway. Calcium signaling dictates cell proliferation and migration through the effects of growth factors (e.g., growth and development), while gonadotropin-releasing hormone dictates the development of sexual traits and the timing of sexual maturity. Phenotypic evidence from previous studies indicates that selection on life history traits, such as body size and age at maturation, underlie adaptation to climate in ectotherms, and our results provide genetic support for this notion.
Near equilibrium, the symmetric part of the time-integrated steady-state covariance, i.e., the time integral of correlation functions, is governed by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, while the antisymmetric part vanishes due to Onsager reciprocity. Far from equilibrium, where these principles no longer apply, we develop a unified formalism for both symmetric and antisymmetric components of integrated covariances. We derive exact, computationally tractable expressions for these quantities, valid in arbitrary nonequilibrium steady states of Markov jump processes and Fokker-Planck equation. Both components are expressed in terms of excess observables, a notion central to both statistical physics and reinforcement learning. Furthermore, we establish thermodynamic upper bounds for antisymmetric covariances in terms of (pseudo-)entropy production and cycle affinities. Finally, we show that the speed-up of self-averaging induced by nonequilibrium drivings which preserve kinetics (activity) is bounded by the cycle affinities (thermodynamic forces).
The recently released Expert Consensus on the Management of Primary Tumor in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2026 Edition) represents a systematic update and paradigm shift in the management of the primary tumor, developed against the backdrop of significant advances in systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and the accumulation of high-quality clinical evidence. This consensus breaks from the traditional notion of prophylactic primary tumor resection (PTR) and establishes "systemic therapy first" as the fundamental principle. Based on a multidisciplinary team (MDT) model, it provides refined stratification regarding the indications, contraindications, timing, technique selection, and perioperative management of PTR. This article interprets the background, evolution of core concepts, clinical decision-making logic, distinctive technical concepts, and future research directions outlined in the consensus, aiming to assist clinicians in accurately understanding its implications and to promote standardized and individualized management of the primary tumor in mCRC. 本期发布的《转移性结直肠癌原发灶处理专家共识（2026版）》，是在转移性结直肠癌（mCRC）全身治疗取得突破性进展、高质量临床证据不断积累的背景下，对原发灶处理策略的一次系统性更新与重塑。本共识突破了传统上对预防性原发灶切除（PTR）的固有认知，确立了“系统治疗优先”的基本原则，并基于多学科团队（MDT）模式，对PTR的适应证、禁忌证、手术时机、技术选择及围手术期管理进行了精细化分层。本文对共识的出台背景、核心观点演变、临床决策逻辑、特色技术理念及未来研究方向进行解读，以期帮助临床医师准确理解共识内涵，推动mCRC原发灶处理的规范化和个体化实践。.
In recent philosophical discourse, flourishing has emerged as a concept of growing importance-often linked to the field of well-being studies and explored by various and different disciplines. The article approaches flourishing not as an abstract ideal, but rather as a condition that must be understood as rooted in the lived reality of human vulnerability. More specifically, I argue that any genuine account of human flourishing must regard vulnerability- human inherent fragility and reciprocal dependence-not as an impediment, but as the very foundation from which meaningful flourishing can arise. Building on Alasdair MacIntyre's reflections-who observes that this perspective is insufficiently acknowledged in comparison to the prevailing standard of moral philosophy-I understand vulnerability as a fundamental human characteristic arising from the interconnectedness of dependence, rationality, and animality. The second part of the paper engages with phenomenological perspectives in order to establish a dialogue between this tradition and MacIntyre's framework of virtue ethics. The aim is to anchor the concept of a virtuous moral life-implicit in the notion of flourishing-in the lived, embodied experience of the individual. In this light, three fundamental categories intrinsic to human vulnerability are identified as essential compass points for understanding what must be preserved, pursued, and guaranteed even under conditions of extreme fragility. Only by attending to these dimensions-embodiment, co-existence and lived temporality-can ensure that the human environment remains habitable, and thus adequate for a disposition toward flourishing.
The relationship between athletic participation and depressive symptom risk among college students remains complex and contested, with prior research yielding inconsistent findings regarding whether sports involvement serves as a protective correlate or a correlate of psychological vulnerability. Using cross-sectional survey data from 795 undergraduate students at a large public university in the northeastern United States, this study employed machine learning methods to examine how athletic identity profiles, sports participation patterns, and related psychosocial correlates were associated with depressive symptoms. We specifically aimed to identify distinct athletic identity profiles, evaluate whether these profiles improved depression-risk prediction, and examine whether risky health behaviors and masculine norm variables statistically accounted for part of the observed associations. Using unsupervised clustering algorithms, we identified four distinct athletic identity profiles characterized by varying combinations of jock identity strength, athlete identity strength, and sport goal orientation. Gradient boosting classification models were then developed to predict elevated depressive symptoms, achieving robust predictive performance validated through five-fold cross-validation. Feature importance analysis revealed that the association between athletic participation and depressive symptom risk is highly context-dependent, moderated by factors including gender conformity norms, primary sport type, competitive level, and the balance between task and ego orientation in sports. Notably, strong athlete identity characterized by intrinsic motivation and task mastery orientation was associated with lower depression risk, whereas strong jock identity characterized by status-seeking and conformity to traditional masculine norms was associated with elevated risk, particularly among male students. Models of indirect association further suggested that risky health behaviors statistically accounted for part of the association between jock identity and depressive symptoms. Because all variables were measured cross-sectionally, these indirect effects should not be interpreted as evidence of causal mediation. These findings challenge the simplistic notion that sports participation uniformly benefits mental health and highlight the importance of considering identity formation processes and motivational orientations in understanding athlete wellbeing. The machine learning framework developed in this study offers practical utility for identifying students who may benefit from targeted depression-prevention screening and support and for informing evidence-based approaches to promoting psychological wellness within collegiate athletic programs.
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary tumor predisposition syndrome caused by pathogenic germline variants in the VHL gene. Patients with VHL disease have an increased risk of developing characteristic VHL disease-associated lesions such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma, retinal angioma, central nervous system hemangioblastoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pheochromocytomas. Loss of the VHL gene results in increased levels of the α-subunits of the heterodimeric hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). This drives transcription of HIF target genes which are involved in, amongst others: angiogenesis, erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. HIFs have been recognized as major drivers of VHL disease pathology and based on this notion, the HIF-2α inhibitor belzutifan was developed, which has marked a major breakthrough in the treatment of this disease. Belzutifan has now been approved for the treatment of a variety of VHL disease-associated lesions by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that pVHL has functions beyond controlling HIF levels, and loss of these HIF-independent functions may further contribute to tumorigenesis in VHL disease. This review summarizes the most recent advances in pathophysiology, genotype-phenotype correlation, treatment guidelines, and potential future treatment options related to VHL disease.
Obesity is a known risk factor for complications and revision following total hip arthroplasty (THA). A triple-taper femoral stem design may improve metaphyseal engagement and rotational stability. This study investigated outcomes in obese patients undergoing cementless primary THA by stem design. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 25,112 obese patients undergoing unilateral, cementless THA for osteoarthritis between 2018 and 2024. Use of triple-taper increased over the study period (25.4% in 2018 versus 58.3% in 2024). Patients were categorized by stem type per the Khanuja-Mont 2011 classification: Type 1 (single taper), Type 2 (dual taper), and Type 3C (triple-taper) and stratified by obesity class (Class I: body mass index (BMI) 30.0 to 34.9; Classes II to IV: BMI ≥ 35.0). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models assessed cause-specific revision risk, adjusting for confounders and surgeon clustering. At five years, cumulative aseptic revision probability was lowest for Type 3C stems. Among Class I obesity patients, Type 3C stems were associated with lower aseptic revision risk compared to Type 1 (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31 to 0.71, P = 0.0004) and Type 2 stems (HR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.91, P = 0.029). Similar findings were observed for Class II to IV obesity. Type 3C stems were also associated with lower periprosthetic fracture risk. The triple-taper stems are increasingly utilized in obese THA patients and are associated with a reduced aseptic revision and (periprosthetic fracture (PPF) risks compared to Type 1 and 2 stems, supporting the notion that these stems confer a clinically relevant biomechanical advantage.