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Root perforation can lead to endodontic treatment failure, necessitating immediate repair with biocompatible materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and bioceramic putty. Exposure to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) during subsequent endodontic procedures may affect the surface microhardness and solubility of these materials. To evaluate the effects of 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX on the microhardness and solubility of MTA and bioceramic putty. An in vitro experimental laboratory study. Thirty-six samples of Bio MTA+, Bio-C Repair, and CeraPutty (n = 12 each) were prepared and incubated for 7 days to allow further material setting. Each material was then divided into two groups (n = 6) according to the irrigating solution used (5.25% NaOCl with surfactant or 2% CHX). Microhardness was measured after incubation and after immersion in the respective irrigants, while solubility was evaluated based on the mass changes following 24-h immersion. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. All materials showed decreased microhardness after exposure to both irrigants. Bio MTA + exhibited the highest microhardness values, while Bio-C repair showed the smallest decrease, with no statistically significant differences among groups (P > 0.05). Regarding solubility, Bio-C Repair presented significantly greater mass loss between materials (P < 0.05). Exposure to 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX influenced the microhardness and solubility of MTA and bioceramic putty materials, with Bio MTA + and CeraPutty showing greater reduction in microhardness and Bio-C Repair exhibiting higher solubility.

The chloroplast is best known for its role in photosynthesis, the process by which sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of sugar. Research conducted at the University of Nottingham (UK) over several years has revealed the nutritional composition of the chloroplast and the physical properties of its multicomponent membrane. These attributes qualify this globally ubiquitous organelle to be a natural ingredient in food products and to be an option to tackle specific nutrient deficiencies across the globe. Detailed studies of the biochemistry of photosynthesis require pure preparations of enzymatically active chloroplasts, requiring various stages of lab-scale extraction, separation and purification. Such an approach may be commercially viable for pharmaceutical applications, but not for food ingredients. It is against this background that we have developed a simple process to recover a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) that could be used in food products. After introducing the reader to the nature of chloroplasts, this review: presents the method we have developed to extract and stabilise a chloroplast-rich fraction; summarises the composition of chloroplast-rich fractions gleaned from spinach leaves and from the postharvest field residue 'pea vine haulm' (PVH); explores the impact of drying methods on the physical nature and composition of the CRF material; establishes the impact of heat-treatment on the quality of CRF material; presents the evidence for extensive galactolipid digestion processes in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract; investigates the release of nutrients from CRF material during digestion; briefly covers the surface-active properties of the multicomponent membrane system/thylakoids/chloroplast membrane material (CMM).

There has been a tremendous leap in resin composite technology over the last two decades. "The rapid pace of product development means that detailed clinical data on individual materials are often limited, even when improved versions are regularly introduced". This clinical investigation examined the effectiveness of a recently created resin composite for back teeth, which is universal supra-nano spherical filled, using revised United States Public Health Service (USPHS) standards. In order to conduct a clinical evaluation and comparison of two resin composites - Omnichroma, a universal supra-nano spherical filled resin composite, and Harmonize, a universal nanohybrid composite resin in Class I posterior restorations over the course of 6 months. A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted in 50 patients, each requiring two Class I occlusal restorations. In each patient, one cavity was restored with a universal supra-nano spherical composite resin (Omnichroma, n = 50) and the other with a universal nanohybrid composite resin (Harmonize, n = 50). A self-etch, light-cured adhesive (Bond Force) was used for all restorations. Using modified USPHS criteria for retention, color match, marginal adaptation, surface texture, anatomic form (wear), postoperative sensitivity, and secondary caries, two calibrated evaluators, who were blinded to the materials, evaluated the restorations at 1 week (baseline), 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Use of Fisher's exact test (&#x3b1; = 0.05) was used for the analysis of categorical data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, and Fisher's exact test was used for intergroup comparisons at each recall interval. A 100% recall at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months was achieved since all 50 patients were present at every recall session. When it came to clinical performance, both Omnichroma and Harmonize were on par. values of Bravo (clinically acceptable) and Alpha (excellent) were given to the majority of restorations, while no Charlie (failure) values were recorded. For each memory metric, there were no statistically significant differences between the two materials (P > 0.05). Within the 6-month follow-up period, Omnichroma and Harmonize composite resins demonstrated comparable and clinically acceptable performance in Class I posterior restorations.

Supramolecular peptide hydrogels offer attractive bioactivity and dynamic mechanical behavior for three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering. However, their broader use is often limited by slow gelation and insufficient mechanical stability. Here, we introduce a molecular design strategy in which a tryptophan zipper pendant multiarm poly (ethylene glycol) (Trpzip-PEG) conjugate is incorporated into Trpzip nanofibrillar hydrogels to facilitate hierarchical tuning of materials properties. Trpzip peptides self-assemble into entangled nanofiber networks, while the addition of Trpzip-PEG conjugate induces reorganization of these assemblies. Electron microscopy and neutron scattering reveal more densely bundled fibers with increased microporosity and a fractal network architecture, suggesting that the conjugate acts as a supramolecular binder or "staple" coordinating nano- and micro-scale organization. These structural changes markedly accelerate gelation and increase stiffness, yield behavior, and thixotropic recovery. Importantly, the Trpzip/Trpzip-PEG supramolecular hybrid hydrogels remain cytocompatible, supporting adipose-derived stem cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation over time. Together, these findings demonstrate that Trpzip/Trpzip-PEG hybrid hydrogels offer a versatile platform for engineering mechanically robust yet bioactive soft materials for 3D cell culture, biofabrication, and regenerative medicine applications.

The Fe/FeCl2-graphite battery is an intermediate-temperature molten salt electrochemical system. It employs the solid Fe/Fe2+ redox couple as the negative electrode and a graphite positive electrode based on the intercalation/de-intercalation of AlCl- 4, offering high safety, low material cost and a moderate operating temperature range of 110-150 &#xb0;C. However, the poor electronic conductivity and high nucleation barrier of the FeCl2 material result in limited electrochemical reversibility and reaction kinetics. Here, we demonstrate that the Fe-FeCl2 contact interface effectively enhances the redox reversibility and electrode kinetics by providing favorable sites for Fe0 nucleation and improving electronic conductivity. The prepared Fe-FeCl2-CR electrode delivers a low voltage hysteresis of 0.09 V and exhibits excellent electrochemical reversibility in the Fe/FeCl2-graphite molten salt battery, achieving a specific capacity of 162.6 mAh g-1 at 3 mA cm-2 and retaining 93% of its capacity after 200 cycles. Compared with the pure FeCl2 electrode, the Fe-FeCl2-CR electrode shows lower direct-current pulse resistance and negligible nucleation overpotential, which are primarily attributed to the Fe-philic nucleation interface. This mechanism is further confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealing that the (110) crystal plane of nano-Fe possesses the highest binding energy (-55.94 eV) during charging, thereby serving as the potential dominant interface for Fe0 nucleation. Additional self-discharge and capacity expansion tests further confirm the electrochemical reaction stability of the Fe-FeCl2-CR electrode in Fe/FeCl2-graphite molten salt batteries.

This article evaluates the stress distribution in endodontically treated hypertaurodont mandibular 2nd molars restored with different postendodontic restorations by finite element analysis (FEA). Cone-beam computed tomography data of a mandibular second molar exhibiting hypertaurodontism were used to generate a three-dimensional tooth model using MIMICS 9.0 software developed by Materialise. The solid model obtained was imported into ANSYS 14.0 developed by ANSYS, Inc. to create the geometric design and finite element mesh. For model development and refinement, SolidWorks and Blender Foundation software were also utilized. Based on the restorative material used to fill the elongated root canal space, three finite element models were developed: Model 1 Gutta-percha (GP) + Endocrown, Model 2 Ribbond + Endocrown, and Model 3 EverX Posterior + Endocrown. A vertical load of 350 N was applied to the functional cusps of all three models and the resulting stress patterns were analyzed. FE model 3, restored with EverX Posterior + Endocrown, exhibited the lowest stress values, followed by the Ribbond-reinforced model 2. The highest stress concentration was observed in the Gutta percha + Endocrown model. Within the limitations of this FEA study, it can be concluded that hypertaurodont teeth with Endocrown as definative restorations demonstrated superior 26 biomechanical behavior when restored intraradicularly with EverX Posterior followed by Ribbond and the one with GP showed the least favorable stress distribution.

Timely management of skin defects requires simultaneous filling of deep tissue defects with a scaffold and coverage of the surface to support tissue repair and barrier protection. However, conventional dressings and dermal substitutes often rely on in vitro prefabrication and secondary application, which are time-consuming and results in suboptimal interfacial integration. In situ printing enables point-of-care fabrication of dressings for early wound care; however, existing hand-held in situ printers typically employ a single fabrication modality, making it difficult to rapidly construct micro-nano composite dressings with combined scaffold-barrier functions at the bedside. To address these limitations, we developed a hand-held, digital, multiprocess in situ printing system for point-of-care fabrication of micro-nano composite dressings. The system integrates in situ photo-cross-linking extrusion printing, air-assisted spraying, and electrospinning, and incorporates an adaptive temperature-control module to stabilize the gelation of thermoresponsive hydrogels. In addition, wireless smartphone connectivity enables mobile configuration of key process parameters and precise material dispensing, thereby ensuring stable mode switching and continuous fabrication. The results show that the extrusion module enables stable printing of multiple hydrogels and supports in situ photo-cross-linking of cell-laden constructs with cell viability above 90%, indicating a cell-friendly fabrication process. The spraying mode allows rapid deposition of hydrogel precursors and achieves sustained drug release. The electrospinning mode enables the fabrication of nanofibrous membranes from different materials. Among them, cell-laden electrospinning with PEO achieved a cell viability of over 92%, while the PVB fibrous layer fabricated in this mode exhibited a porosity of 73.2%, providing both protection and gas exchange capability. Through multiprocess integration, a nanofibrous barrier layer can be rapidly constructed on the hydrogel surface, yielding a micro-nano composite dressing featuring a microscale hydrogel scaffold and a nanoscale fibrous barrier within a short time. The platform enables integrated fabrication of micro-nano composite dressings in rat and porcine wound models. This "arrive-on-site to scaffold-barrier dressing formation" capability demonstrates the technical feasibility of using a hand-held multiprocess printer for rapid, parametrically controlled wound coverage and provides a device platform for future studies on emergency wound management and personalized dressing fabrication.

Postoperative sensitivity (POS) and marginal integrity (MI) are common concerns in Class V restorations because of dentin exposure and polymerization shrinkage stress. Composite-reinforced glass ionomer liners have been introduced to improve stress absorption and marginal sealing. To clinically compare the POS and MI of Axioglass and Ionoseal liners in Class V restorations. In this randomized, single-blinded clinical study, 60 patients requiring Class V restorations were allocated into two groups: Axioglass (n = 30) and Ionoseal (n = 30). Restorations were placed using a self-etch adhesive system followed by the respective liner. POS was assessed using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. MI was evaluated using modified USPHS criteria at 12 months. Statistical analysis included repeated-measures analysis of variance, independent t-test, and Chi-square test (P < 0.05). Both materials showed a significant reduction in POS over time (P < 0.001). Axioglass demonstrated significantly lower sensitivity at 6 and 12 months and superior MI compared with Ionoseal (P < 0.05). Axioglass demonstrated better long-term clinical performance than Ionoseal in Class V restorations.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is characterized by hypogonadism, resulting in metabolic disturbances and altered body composition, including reduced muscle mass. Although testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a standard treatment, its effects on skeletal muscle remain incompletely understood. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing was applied to vastus lateralis biopsies from patients with KS (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;4), collected at the time of diagnosis and again after one year of TRT. Reference material was retrieved from age-matched male controls (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;4). We profiled nuclear transcriptomes across ten cell types residing within the skeletal muscle. At diagnosis, sex hormone measurements confirmed hypogonadism in the untreated KS group. One year of TRT effectively normalized serum testosterone and reduced LH and FSH levels. Furthermore, three in four KS patients gained muscle mass.We obtained transcriptomic data from 81,786 individual nuclei. At baseline, untreated KS muscle exhibited pervasive transcriptional reprogramming with indications of changes to myogenic differentiation and heightened fibrotic, adipogenic, and inflammatory transcriptomic profiles. Pseudotime trajectory analysis indicated altered progression from muscle stem to progenitor states. After TRT, gene expression shifted toward gene-patterns linked to improved structural integrity, regeneration, and vascular remodelling. Nevertheless, a substantial KS-specific signature persisted including increased inflammatory signalling. In this exploratory pilot study, TRT was associated with a shift toward a more pro-regenerative skeletal muscle transcriptional environment in patients with KS, though only partially mitigating some of the adverse effects of long-standing hypogonadism and KS.

Chiral structures have substantial potential for spin information utilization because of their distinctive spatial symmetry-breaking features and the consequent strong spin-charge correlation. One of the limitations in the development of chiral spintronics for both theoretical and practical applications is the limited range of chiral-related signal transmission, which is only tens of nanometers and is usually determined by the conductivity of the chiral materials and device applicability. In addition, the role of circularly polarized light, an important chiral parameter, in chiral signal transmission has been typically neglected. In this study, targeted chiral induction was conducted using the semiconductor polymer PCDTPT ([4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]thiad-iazolo [3,4-c] pyridine]), which was further used to fabricate a field-effect transistor device. In a dark environment, the chiral-related signal could be transmitted up to 10 &#x3bc;m with an external magnetic field. Through the synergistic effects of spin-selective transition and chiral spin filtering under illumination, the chiral signal expression was fundamentally switched to another form, and the transmission distance was notably increased to the millimeter scale. In addition, owing to the flexible external field tunability (gate voltage, temperature, and polarized light) in multiple scenarios, the chiral signals reflected detailed dynamic changes. The achievement of long-distance chiral signal transmission and circularly polarized light-induced signal conversion and extension is expected to promote the development of chiral spintronics for both theoretical and practical applications.

Empathy is vitally important in graduate medical education (GME) but may be difficult to sustain amid competing clinical, educational, research, and administrative demands. Medical humanities interventions may foster reflection and perspective-taking, yet few theory-informed interventions have been described in GME and interprofessional settings. To describe the development, acceptability, and feasibility of a visual arts and narrative medicine-based workshop for attending physicians, resident physicians, health care students, and interdisciplinary staff. In 2023, patients at a safety-net primary care clinic participated in semistructured interviews and portrait sessions. Narratives, photographs, and de-identified clinical records created by the author team were integrated into a facilitated, discussion-based, 60- to 90-minute workshop grounded in the PRISM model and visual thinking strategies (VTS). Authors facilitated interventions across 6 settings, guiding structured observation and reflection of a single patient's electronic medical record, portrait, and audio interview. Participants completed post-workshop surveys assessing perceived empathy, understanding of patients' perspectives, and anticipated changes in patient care. One hundred fifty-six participants completed workshop evaluations. Most agreed or strongly agreed that the workshop promoted empathy (141 of 156, 90.4%; 18 of 19, 94.7% for residents) and would positively influence their approach to patient care (144 of 156, 92.3%; 17 of 19, 89.5% for residents). Open-ended responses emphasized multidisciplinary perspectives and recognition of patients as whole individuals. The workshop was feasible to implement using standard educational time blocks, 2 facilitators familiar with VTS principles, and minimal audiovisual materials. This intervention is ongoing and being adapted within undergraduate medical education and GME. This theory-informed humanities-based workshop was acceptable and feasible across diverse educational settings and learners.

Esthetics are in high demand in modern dentistry; conservative dentistry offers tooth-colored restorative materials; however, drawbacks such as polymerization shrinkage can lead to microleakage. To minimize this problem, cavity liners are used. To compare the marginal adaptation and microleakage of different cavity liners under composite restorations using field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereomicroscope, respectively. Sixty extracted human premolars and molars were collected, and Class II cavities involving the distal and occlusal surfaces were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into four groups: Group I - Biodentine, Group II - Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC), Group III - Resin-modified calcium silicate (TheraCal LC), and Group IV - Direct composite without cavity liner (control). After liner application in Groups I-III, all cavities were etched, bonded, and restored with composite. The teeth were then immersed in 2% buffered methylene blue dye and sectioned longitudinally in the mesiodistal direction. Marginal adaptation was evaluated under a stereomicroscope, and interfacial gaps were examined using SEM the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc ANOVA (Bonferroni) were used for statistical analysis. TheraCal LC showed the least microleakage, followed by Biodentine and RMGIC, while the control group exhibited significant microleakage. SEM analysis revealed no significant difference between TheraCal LC and Biodentine in marginal adaptation, with the largest gaps observed in the control group. TheraCal LC demonstrated superior performance in terms of both microleakage and marginal adaptation and may be preferred as a cavity liner in Class II cavities.

Regenerative endodontics is a biologically driven treatment approach aimed at restoring the structure and function of the pulp-dentin complex. Due to the limitations associated with the commonly used blood clot scaffold, alternative scaffold materials are being explored, including the human amniotic membrane (hAM), which functions as an extracellular matrix scaffold with potential applications in pulpal regeneration. This narrative review aimed to summarize the biological characteristics of hAM and evaluate its role in regenerative endodontics through a comprehensive literature search of in vitro and in vivo studies, with particular emphasis on its use in cell homing-based regenerative strategies. Analysis of the available literature indicates that current clinical evidence is limited and largely based on case reports, reflecting a low level of evidence. Nevertheless, hAM exhibits several favorable biological properties that may contribute to creating a conducive microenvironment for regenerative endodontic procedures, with studies demonstrating encouraging outcomes and potential clinical applicability. Furthermore, histological and immunohistochemical findings suggest that hAM may support cellular recruitment and differentiation. However, despite these promising findings, well-designed clinical trials with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up are necessary before its widespread clinical application can be recommended.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are traditionally designed as the primary active sites for catalytic reactions. Here, we advance a fundamentally different conceptual framework by redefining single-atom sites as cocatalytic regulators that orchestrate reaction microenvironments rather than directly participating in catalytic turnover. Taking alkaline hydrogen evolution (HER) on Ru nanoparticles as a model reaction, we demonstrate through DFT calculations that Mo, W, and Cr single-atom cocatalysts-although intrinsically poor in hydrogen adsorption-significantly optimize the &#x394;G H* of neighboring Ru sites. Guided by this prediction, we synthesize Mo-Ru@CNT, which achieves near-zero overpotential at 10 mA cm-2, a Tafel slope of 25.34 mV dec-1, and a turnover frequency of 15.49 s-1 at an overpotential of 100 mV-far exceeding the performance of Ru@CNT without cocatalysts. Multi-scale characterization further revealed that the role of the single-atom cocatalyst extends beyond electronic modulation. The introduction of Mo/W/Cr single-atom sites can in situ generate Br&#xf8;nsted acidic sites during the reaction, regulating the proton concentration near the Ru sites and constructing a proton-enriched acid-like interfacial microenvironment on the Ru surface. This work redefines the functional scope of single-atom materials from active centers to cocatalytic regulators, opening a new design dimension for complex multi-step electrocatalytic reactions.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen whose ability to form biofilms greatly enhances antimicrobial tolerance and contributes to persistent infection. Although increasing attention has been paid to biofilm-mediated drug resistance, the overall knowledge structure and translational development of this field remain unclear. A bibliometric analysis was performed using publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus on December 20, 2025. The search covered the period 2014-2025 and focused on P. aeruginosa, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilms, resulting in 6,537 publications for bibliometric analysis. To complement the bibliometric findings, a supplementary narrative review of published clinical studies and a separate registered trial landscape overview were conducted. After screening, 6 published clinical studies and 18 registered interventional trials were included. Global research output on P. aeruginosa biofilm-mediated resistance increased steadily from 2014 to 2025. China, the United States, and India were the most productive countries, while the United States showed the leading role in the international collaboration network. Keyword clustering and temporal analyses indicated three major research directions: multidrug resistance evolution and pathogenic synergy, novel antibacterial interventions and functional materials, and clinical translation and efficacy evaluation. The supplementary clinical component showed growing interest in adjunctive and mechanistically targeted strategies, particularly in chronic airway and wound-associated infections, although mature efficacy data remain limited. Research on P. aeruginosa biofilm-mediated drug resistance is shifting from mechanistic exploration toward translational application. This study provides a data-driven overview of the field's intellectual structure, research hotspots, and emerging trends, and may help guide future anti-biofilm and anti-resistance research.

Herein, an 'antenna-mediated' singlet fission (SF) molecular platform is reported, in which a phenyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (PDPP) chromophore with strong visible-light absorption is strategically integrated into TIPS-pentacene (P) dimers as a conjugated bridge to overcome the intrinsically weak absorption of conventional P-based SF systems. Owing to the complementary absorption and emission characteristics of PDPP and P, the resulting conjugates enable highly efficient intramolecular F&#xf6;rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PDPP to P, followed by intramolecular SF of the P dimer. Upon selective excitation of the PDPP antenna, ultrafast and nearly unity FRET occurs on a picosecond timescale, populating the singlet excited state of P and triggering SF with rates identical to those observed under direct P excitation. This demonstrates that antenna-mediated excitation fully preserves the intrinsic SF dynamics while extending excitation across the entire visible solar spectrum. The exceptional energy-transfer efficiency is rationalized by a large orientation factor, substantial spectral overlap, and the high fluorescence quantum yield of PDPP. Moreover, solvent polarity provides an external handle to modulate the spectral overlap and thereby tune both the FRET and SF rate constant, without requiring chemical modification of the molecular framework. Overall, this work establishes an antenna-enabled strategy for broadband solar-energy harvesting coupled to efficient SF, offering a general molecular design concept for next-generation SF materials with enhanced solar utilization efficiency.

Residency orientation provides a unique opportunity to introduce an interdisciplinary group of resident physicians to locally relevant social determinants of health (SDOH). To compare residents' ability to address SDOH before and after an orientation workshop and describe the feasibility and acceptance of utilizing authentic patient narratives in teaching SDOH. All incoming residents at the University of New Mexico in 2 consecutive academic years (AY 2023-2024 and 2024-2025) participated in the workshop. Large group lectures complemented small-group case-based exercises on recognizing and addressing SDOH. In the second year, video excerpts of real patients narrating their experiences with health care were incorporated. A post-session survey measured self-reported ability to recognize and address SDOH. One hundred seven of 164 (65%) residents in AY 2023-2024 and 91 of 173 (53%) residents in AY 2024-2025 completed the survey. Both sessions demonstrated statistically significant (P<.001) improvement in resident self-reported ability to: (1) recognize SDOH (pre- and post-workshop mean scores 8.32 [SD 1.17] vs 6.83 [SD 1.89] in AY 2023-2024; 8.67 [SD 1.06] vs 6.97 [SD 2.06] in AY 2024-2025), and (2) address SDOH (7.98 [SD 1.37] vs 6.32 [SD 1.96]; 8.48 [SD 1.28] vs 6.99 [SD 2.00]). Patient videos supported learning, demonstrated by an increase in effect size (Cohen's d 0.1 vs 1.04). Twelve to 18 hours were needed to develop workshop materials, with an additional 6.5 hours required for administrative and facilitator time. A workshop during graduate medical education orientation introducing SDOH using authentic patient narratives increased residents' self-reported ability to address SDOH specific to their new patient populations.

Anaplasmosis, an ailment affecting both captive and free-ranging small ruminants, is instigated by Anaplasma spp., a tick-vectored, obligate intracellular rickettsial bacterium. Iran's ovine and caprine populations, numbering roughly 71 million, are vital to its financial structure. This study investigated the prevalence of Anaplasma species in sheep and goats within West Azerbaijan province. Additionally, nucleic acid specimens were isolated from gathered ticks and examined for Anaplasma spp. Through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing the major surface protein gene (groEL). Anaplasma was detected in 161 (69.0%) of 919 ovine and 82 (71.3%) of 243 caprine blood DNA extracts. Subsequently, genetic material from 426 ticks comprised of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=146), Rhipicephalus turanicus (n=63), Hyalomma asiaticum (n=56), Hyalomma anatolicum (n=74), and Hyalomma egebtiom (n=87) was screened for A. ovis utilizing the same methodology. This research not only confirmed the presence of A. ovis within Iranian sheep and goats but also implicated ticks as a possible vector for its transmission. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the health status of Iran's small ruminants to detect clinical manifestations of anaplasmosis and of implementing effective tick control strategies worldwide.