Actual issues of an improvement of the medical aid delivery system in case of acute radiopathology in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The article provides information on characteristics of the stage system of medical aid delivery in case of acute radiologic traumas. The authors formulated main directions of improvement of the system under modern conditions. It is shown that as a basis of its improvement may be considered the complex of measures, including formation of standardized clinical recommendations (treatment protocols) on medical care delivery to the wounded at different stages of medical evacuation, expanding of possibilities of special medical aid delivery to patients with acute radiopathology, including formation of mobile reserves for deployment of specialized units under conditions of mass admission of patients with severe forms of radiopathology; renewal of the training system for medical specialists working in the field of acute radiopathology; implementation of information technologies; improvement of interdepartmental interaction on the problems of medical consequences after radiologic emergency situations in peacetime.
Possibilities of inocardiography for defining systolic left ventricular function when screening of military personnel. Possibilities of definition of myocardial contractile function with the help of the detection method offremitus of vertical lift component, caused by in-space heart movement in patient siting on a dynamometric platform, were researched in 230 patients. As a control method for defining the heart pump function was used the echocardiographic modified biplane Simpson method. It is defined that an appropriate method allows distributing with high certainty patients to groups with normal, moderate impaired and severe impaired myocardial contractility.
Psychophysiological methods to support pilots training in the flight simulator. Despite the fact that the pilot performance in commercial and state aviation has some differences the same methodology and training philosophy are used in the organization of flight simulator training. The article presents the results of adaptation of psychophysiological methods to support flight simulator training for pilots of civil aviation, developed for military pilots. It is shown that the existing system for assessing pilots training in flight simulator, which is one of the most important stages of flight training for aviation, is not a sufficient level of objectification. It has been suggested to use psychophysiological inflight monitoring for integrated assessment of skills development along with instructor's assessment. Psychophysiological monitoring included such indices as residual attention and stress index for assessing pilot physiological activity, which enables the instructor to choose the strategies for further training.
Role of military medicine in delivering of health care to ministry of internal affairs staff. The article describes the creation of the Medical Service Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian system. Throughout its history, medical-mechanical maintenance of employees of law enforcement bodies, such as in pre-revolutionary period, and in the early years of the Soviet regime was closely linked with military medicine of the Russian Empire and the Red Army. Many police officers, and later the police received medical care in military hospitals. Start the NKVD- MVD departmental health laid in 1921 with the creation of oadmissionso to provide medical care to police officers. As part of the system of state-sensible care, the medical service of the Russian Interior Ministry system and now introduces non-assessable contribution to its development.
Hygiene education and training of personned, promotion of healthy lifestyle is obligatory section of the medical service activity of the Armed Forces, and a part of its measures, concerning ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of troops (forces). The aim of training and education, promotion of healthy lifestyle consists in maintaining and improving the health and performance of professional military personnel. Mandatory-governmental conditions for the success of these measures are scientific justfication, purposeful, planned and permanent with full coverage of the military collective and differentiated supply and affordability ofpre-information. This article provides recommendations for the medical service for the organization and methodology of health education. forminz its theme.
Prolonged interferon papillomavirus infection treatment. In patients with recurrent genital HPV caused by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, the use of genferon suppository according to prolonged scheme (500 000 IU 2 times a day for 10 days and further 500 000 IU 2 times a week for 3 months) in comparison with a short scheme (500 000 IU, 2 times a day for 10 days) is more effective in preventing recurrence of infection due to the normalization, an immune and cytokine status, as well as the elimination of the infectious agent from the affected tissues. Prolongation of the drug use did not cause undesirable side effects. The effectiveness of prolonged treatment regimes is determined by the pharmacological properties genferon components that provide systemic and local effects.
Experience of the military sanatorium <<Arkhangelsk>> on medical rehabilitation of patients after surgery in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Showing features of the organization of medical rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease after surgical treatment at a sanatorium stage. The technology of application of restorative treatment, physical and psychological recovery, natural and premature medicinal factors are given. Based on the dynamics of the functional status of patients given control of complex clinical and instrumental studies in comparison with analogous-tech at discharge, to translate them into functional class, characterized with greater functionality is installed, the high efficiency of rehabilitation.
Use of spectral index of heart rate variability as a predictor of poor clinical outcome in patients with severe combined chest trauma. The article provides information on results of research of connection between spectral index of heart rate variability, got during 5-minutes record of echocardiography in acute period of traumatic disease, and severity of trauma, severity of health condition and level of impairment of consciousness in patients with combined chest trauma. Defined correlating connections between separate indexes of spectral analysis of heart rate variability and scales, reflecting health status severity and severity of trauma when admission the patients. Defined accurate differences between indexes of a power of very low frequency, low frequency and high-frequency waves, indexes of a vagosympathetic balance in groups of patients with poor clinical outcome and lethal outcome. Proved the possibility of the use of definite, during 12 hours after getting injury, relative powers of low- frequency and high-frequency waves, expressed in normalized units, index of a vagosympathetic balance as physiological markers of poor clinical outcome in patients with severe combined chest trauma.
The article describes the methodological approaches to medical equipment for supplies teams of specialized medical care and medical and nursing teams, formed on the basis of the Military Medical Academy. Kirov. It is shown that the priority in the selection of samples medical equipment suitable for use in the medical unit formations, military units and military medical institutions and medical institutions (subdivisions) of other ministries and departments, belongs to medical bags, sets of medical equipment, sets and packing medical taken to supply the Armed Forces and included in the rations medical supplies formations, military units and organizations. A brief description of sample medical equipment used to equip teams.
The main task of the military medical service in the area of work to eliminate the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster was to organize and carry out sanitary and hygienic measures aimed at preventing radiation exposure to liquidators-military personnel in excess of the established dose limits and the emergence of mass infectious and non-infectious diseases. The article summarizes the experience of the participation of the employees of the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy in the implementation of anti-radiation and other preventive measures in the area of the accident. The entire faculty. of the Department of Naval and Radiation Hygiene and a number of employees of the Department of General and Military Hygiene, who on a rotational basis were continuously in the zone of work to eliminate the consequences of the accident, went through the mill of Chernobyl. Their personal contribution to the solution of urgent scientific and applied problems -of minimization of radiation impact and preservation of health of servicemen-liquidators of the accident were noted.
On the history of the medical support for the White movement on the South of Russia (1918-1920): The Don Army. The military-sanitation inspector and held by him the army medical department of the All-Great Don Host organized medical support of the Don Army; the military-sanitation inspector was responsible not only for military healthcare, but also for civil healthcare. A representative of this department was a member of the medical committee of the Armed Forces on the South of Russia. Medical facilities of the Don Army included garrison hospitals in Rostov-on-Don and Novocherkassk, small hospitals at stations, khutors, and railway stations. On the stages of medical evacuations were organized battlefield medical facilities - battlefield hospitals, ambulance detachments, battlefield mobile hospitals, evacuation points, and evacuation hospitals. Antiepidemic means included mobile epidemic and disinfecting troops, and bacteriological laboratory. After the Don Army passed to the control of the commander in Chief of the Armed Forces on the South of Russia and organization of joint military operations with the Volunteer Army wounded and ill Cossacks had also been sending to medical facilities of this join.
Correction of functional state of divers during training camps. The effect of a course of inhaled xenon-oxygen gas mixtures and audiovisual stimulation on the performance of the functional state of divers specialists in the process of intensive training camps is researched. It is shown that the combined use of them has a generally positive effect on the level of the functional state-diving professionals, increasing their individual resistance to adverse factors the complex military-professional environment. The results allow us to consider the combined use of these techniques as a promising means of surgical correction of the functional state of persons whose activities take place in conditions of considerable physical and psycho-emotional stress.
Legal and regulatory framework for prevention of infections, associated with delivering of medical care. Preventing infections associated with delivering of medical care suggests the organization of preventive and anti-epidemiological measures with the use of modern regulatory framework, which has undergone significant changes and continues to improve in recent years. The new data on clinical, epidemiological, social and economic effectiveness of the activities of this trend in organizations engaged in medical activities. The current and constantly updated system of normative, legal and methodological documents allows organizing an effective protection of patients and medical staff from nosocomial infections. The article provides an overview of existing regulations in the field of prevention of infections associated with health care, the possible ways of its improvement.
Organisation of medical care to military personnel with viral hepatitis A during the local armed conflicts. The article provides an analysis of medical care organisation system to patients with viral hepatitis A during conducting counterterror operations on the North Caucasus (1994-1996 and 1999-2002). The authors provided information on the main problems of medical support in modern local armed conflicts and shortcomings of organization of medical care to patients with viral hepatitis A in the following conditions: multistage, discrepancy between calculation of forces and facilities and character of military conditions, shortcoming of staff structure of medicalfacilities, inappropriate level ofproficiency ofphysicians of infectious profile and absence of regulations, concerning the use for equipment of infectious hospitals. 'Possible -ways for resolving these problems are showed.
Comparative evaluation of effectivennes and safety of the local hemostatic agents in the experiment. On the model side damage the femoral artery of pigs we performed a comperative test of modern local hemostatic agents (LHA): bandages on the basis of chitosan <<Tseloks Goz >> (TG), eGemofleks Combat> (GC), <GemoBandazh)> (GB) bandages on kaolin-based <<Combat- Goz>> (CG), and the usual bandage 10 cm x 3 m (control group). 25 animals were divided equally into 5 groups. After 45 seconds of bleeding from 6-mm side wound of femoral artery was used LHA with a three-minute external compression and wound edges approximation. In the case of the continuation-bleeding wounds performed re-tamponade with the second package of the LHA. Hemostasis after applying the first packet never recorded in the CG group, occurred in I out of 5 animals in the groups TG and GC, 2 of 5 animals in the group GB and the control group (p>0,05). Application of two packages LHA in the TG group, GB and the control group was effective in 3 of 5 animals and in groups CG and GC - in 2 of 5 animals (p>0,05). Mortality did not differ significantly between the groups. Thus, the conventional bandage wound with ordinary tamponade in this model is not less effective than current LHA.
The first can be considered the simplest mask gauze or cotton-gauze impregnated with sodium hyposufite, which pressed to his face and breathed through it (i. e. <<Wet>> gas mask, based on the principle of chemical neutralization of toxic substances). The most successful type of domestic wet gas mask is considered to be a gas mask constructed. by N. T.Prokofev with hermetically inserted glasses of plain glass. Using by Germany all new toxic substances required continuous improvement of gas masks and the use of not chemical, but physical principle of neutralization, based on the non-specific binding molecules toxic agent. Creation in Russia really acting dry gas mask associated with the name of the outstanding scientist. Zelinsky, first proposed, to use as activated carbon adsorbent. Engineer Petrograd factory <<Triangle> E.L.Kummant developed rubber helmet with goggles, do not require special mounting head and reliably protects both respiratory tract and eyes from exposure to toxic substances. The principle of the device mask Zelinsky-Kummant - canister with activated charcoal (and various additives) and a rubber facemask-is the basis of all modern designs masks.
Physiological and hygienic requirements imposed on water supply for troops in the Arctic zone. The deployment of military garrisons in the Arctic zone requires solutions of health and working capacity maintenance among the military personnel. One of them is to provide a physiologically adequate and safe water supply. Direct use of water for drinking purposes, obtained by the melting of snow, does not meet the physiological needs of the body as a result of the almost complete lack of mineral salts in it. It determines the urgency of the problem of melt water conditioning. The article contains a review of published data on the historical experience of drinking water quality and its correction on ships of various countries, as well as the ships of the Navy of the USSR. Modern data on salinity and how to use for drinking desalinated seawater on Navy ships, melt water and soft water from natural land water sources. The creation in the garrisons of the Arctic stations zone potable water on the basis of scientific data on the methods of its conditioning (mineralization and disinfection).
The article describes the history of the formation and development of the Branch N 1 of the FGKU <<The main, center of the military- medical examination>> of the Ministry of Defense since the establishment of the military-medical commission of the Moscow military district before its final transformation into the branch. Simultaneously, the article describes the main tasks entrusted to 'the bodies of military medical examination, as well as the performance of this work.
Barotherapy in the military medicine. The authors present current data on place and role of hyperbaric oxygenation for military and extreme medicine. Main mechanisms of oxygen saturation and its <<delivery>> to cells and tissues of the organisms is described in the given article. The authors proved advantages of the hyperbaric oxygenation over the normobaric and showed its high efficiency for the trauma and suppurative- septic lesion treatment, and for the combat therapeutic pathology. Main clinical and physiological effects of the hyperbaric oxygenation are showed. Modern indications and contra-indications for the use of the hyperbaric oxygenation as a therapeutic mean are proved.
Peculiarities of reactive hypertension after phacoemulsi- fication cataract with patients of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Research was carried out on 87 designed for the surgical treatment of cataract patients (112.eyes) who were grouped according to the initial intraocular pressure (IOP), the degree of pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PES), the presence of concomitant vascular pdthology. IOP level was estimated in the first, the third day, and a month after catarditphacoemulsiication with intraocular lens implantation. It was found that the incidence of reactive hypertension in the group. ranged from 10,7 to 18,7% and correlated with the severity of the manifestations of the PES, baseline IOP and the presence of systemic cardiovascular disease. At the same time dominated by vascular factors. The results allow to identify patients with RPE included in the group of high risk of developing hypertension, reactive, and thus improve the quality -of their care and treatment.