Hessian fly (HF), Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a serious pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Using resistance genes from alien sources is a promising strategy for developing HF-resistant cultivars. The HF resistance gene H25 in the wheat line KS92WGRC20 was originally transferred from chromosome 6R of rye (Secale cereale L.) into the proximal region of the long arm on wheat chromosome 4A. However, the introgressed 6R segment has not been characterized and diagnostic markers for H25 have been lacking, limiting its use in breeding programs. This study developed a population of 188 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from Jagger × KS92WGRC20 and analyzed the population using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Phenotypic segregation analysis and gene mapping confirmed H25 as the sole HF resistance gene in KS92WGRC20. Two kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers, K6R_316905104 and K6R_316905114, were converted from GBS-SNPs and validated in two wheat diversity panels, one with 203 winter wheat accessions from the major US wheat growing areas and the other containing 38 wheat lines that carry various known HF resistance genes. In addition, a gel-based dominant PCR marker was also developed. Moreover, a genomic region spanning 310-480 Mb was proposed as a putative introgressed segment of chromosome 6R based on analysis of GBS data from the RIL population using the rye Lo7 as reference genome. Together, these results provide practical molecular tools and new insights into the 6R introgression carrying H25, facilitating its efficient deployment in wheat breeding programs.
The Ogasawara Islands are remote oceanic islands located approximately 1,000 km south of mainland Japan and investigations of their fauna are essential for understanding the processes underlying the assembly of oceanic island biotas. Despite this importance, knowledge of several terrestrial invertebrate groups remains remarkably limited, including millipedes, which constitute a major component of soil macrofauna. Previous studies on the millipede fauna of the Ogasawara Islands have been sporadic and, to date, only ten identified species had been recorded from the archipelago. Field surveys conducted between 2023 and 2026 on Ototo-jima, Ani-jima, Chichi-jima and Haha-jima Islands revealed five species of polydesmid millipedes: Prosopodesmus jacobsoni Silvestri, 1910; P. panporus Blower & Rundle, 1980 (Haplodesmidae); Cryptocorypha ornata (Attems, 1938); Dyskolonius uniramus (Attems, 1938) (Pyrgodesmidae); and Solaenaulus butteli (Carl, 1922) (Opisotretidae). All five species represent new records for both Japan and the Ogasawara Islands. Reexamination of specimens previously reported as Prosopodesmus sinuatus from the Ogasawara Islands revealed that they were misidentified and actually belong to Cryptocorypha ornata. Furthermore, the previous record of Solaenaulus sp. from Chichi-jima Island was identified as S. butteli, based on detailed sketches of the gonopods. In addition, we partially examined and compared the postembryonic development of Prosopodesmus species, a genus known for intrageneric polymorphism in the number of body rings in adult males. Based on these observations, we discuss potential heterochronic shifts in sexual maturation amongst species and between sexes.
This report examines the application of the data placemat method for disseminating research results, drawing on insights from two case studies working with immigrant and refugee groups. Additionally, it provides practical recommendations for researchers considering adopting this approach. This method can help researchers organize data in a coherent and accessible manner, providing participants with a succinct summary of results. It provides a means to validate research findings by incorporating perspectives from study participants and addressing potential ambiguities that may arise during initial data analysis. Most important, it could foster robust, lasting relationships with immigrant and minority groups.
Alien Invasive Species (AIS) are among the principal threats to humanity due to their substantial ecological, social, and economic impacts. International efforts to harmonize national AIS checklists and databases is often hindered by fragmented data across multiple platforms. The Celtic Fringe, a biogeographically coherent unit within the European Atlantic Floristic Region, includes part of the Iberian Peninsula, France and the British Isles, and is notable for its extensively documented flora. Here, we present the first unified AIS checklist and georeferenced occurrence database for the entire Celtic Fringe, with occurrences mapped to a 10 × 10 km UTM grid resolution. Occurrence data were aggregated from public datasets, while the harmonized AIS checklist of 271 taxa was developed through the integration of national and international sources. The resulting database comprises 164,974 occurrences, each enriched with taxonomic, floristic, and administrative metadata to facilitate use across multiple geographic and governance levels. This harmonized and standardised resource is designed to support AIS management at local, national, and transnational scales, while facilitating conservation planning and research on invasion dynamics.
This study utilized the age-stage, two-sex life table method to evaluate the toxic effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE, 300 mg/kg) and cadmium (Cd, 30 mg/kg), both individually and combined, on Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Compared to controls, all treatments significantly prolonged larval development and reduced survival, lifespan, and fecundity. The combined exposure (PE + Cd) exerted the strongest inhibition: the total pre-adult developmental duration (TPOP) increased by 18.8% (38.00 days), while the intrinsic growth rate (r) dropped by 59.0% to 0.0273 d-1. Additionally, the net reproduction rate (R0) and fecundity fell to their lowest levels (5.08 and 19.06, respectively), significantly lower than in single-treatment groups. Age-stage life expectancy analysis confirmed severe survival pressure in the combined group, evidenced by a 30% reduction in first-instar survival and a 14-day shortened adult lifespan. These findings demonstrate the synergistic toxicity of PE and Cd co-contamination, providing critical data for ecological risk assessment in the "soil-plant-herbivore" system and integrated pest management strategies.
The rapid spread of Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius, 1798) (Diptera: Syrphidae) within the Afrotropical region is described. We characterise and compare the climatic niches of T. floralis in its native (Southern North America, Central America and South America) and invaded (Afrotropical Region) range to assess the potential for further expansion across Africa and beyond, and included future global climate models and socioeconomic pathways as projections. Occurrence data for native and invaded ranges were obtained from field sampling by authors, major collections of Afrotropical Syrphidae, collections records and occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), including iNaturalist data. Single and ensemble species distribution modelling was performed utilising the 'biomod2' package, and the 'ecospat' package was used to determine the Continuous Boyce Index and niche dynamics of the species. Current and global climate models (GCM) Worldclim 2.1 data were used as environmental variables. Ensemble models showed high predictive accuracy (native: TSS = 0.824, CBI R s = 0.982; expanded: TSS = 0.805, CBI R s = 0.997), Bio18 and Bio2 Worldclim 2.1 variables proving the most important predictors. Niche dynamics showed primarily niche conservatism (76.4%) as well as a degree of expansion (23.6%, p = 0.048). Models predict high probability of further spread throughout Africa, with potential expansion into other Ecoregions. Future climate projections suggest continued range expansion through 2100 under most scenarios. The species' potential distribution shows spatial overlap with its larval host plants, however, since host distributions were not integrated into the modelling framework, the relative roles of climatic and biotic factors in limiting distribution cannot be directly evaluated from current analyses. It is predicted that T. floralis will invade the tropical regions of Asia and Australia in the near future. Citizen science data proved invaluable for tracking the expansion of T. floralis, highlighting the value of such platforms for monitoring non-native species expansions.
Korean immigrant families face complex barriers to accessing services for their children with autism and developmental disabilities due to intersecting cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic factors. However, there is limited information in the literature on strategies to close this gap. This tutorial reports on leveraging an academic-community partnership to establish and sustain a parent support group for Korean immigrant families of children with autism and other developmental disorders. Academic and community partners worked together to develop family-centered support. The partnership focused on iteratively tailoring support to a localized context to increase knowledge, self-efficacy, and community support for navigating service systems. The development of the parent support group progressed through three phases: (a) establishing two separate support groups led by a parent and a faculty member, (b) merging the groups and building capacity to empower families, and (c) supporting community partners in formalizing the group and securing grant funding for partner-driven initiatives. In all phases, academic partners contributed university resources, whereas community partners provided insider knowledge to create effective programming. This approach has resulted in a strong, ongoing academic-community partnership that has lasted for more than 2 decades and successfully engaged over 400 families. The lessons learned offer an example of how to reduce barriers to autism-related services by leveraging community strengths and fostering collaboration and by revisiting both the partnership and supports for families to more strongly address community priorities.
Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps (Kner, 1854) is a loricariid catfish (Actinopterygii: Loricariidae) recognized as an invasive alien species introduced through the ornamental fish trade. The species has established invasive populations and has been recorded from multiple localities across Vietnam. Here, we presented the complete mitochondrial genome data of P. gibbiceps from Vietnam, generated by high-throughput sequencing. The mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. Comparative analyses revealed a high degree of conservation among Pterygoplichthys mitogenomes in genome structure, gene content, gene order, and codon usage patterns. In addition, all mitochondrial protein-coding genes of P. gibbiceps exhibited Ka/Ks values below 1, indicating predominant purifying selection relative to other congeners. Phylogenetic reconstruction supported the monophyly of Pterygoplichthys and placed P. gibbiceps as an early-diverging lineage within the genus. These mitochondrial genome data provide a valuable resource for future studies on species identification, population structure, and evolutionary relationships of P. gibbiceps in Vietnam and elsewhere, and also contribute to comparative mitochondrial genomic studies in armored catfishes.
The Alien Between Us is an interactive art installation created by multidisciplinary artist Laura A Dima. It explores how technology can facilitate intimate co-located interactions beyond traditional (audio-visual) communication systems. This art project uses haptic technologies and biofeedback to simultaneously connect two audience members. Two identical sculptures serve as interfaces that simulate biometric data, such as heart and breathing rates, to create emotional feedback loops between participants. The project investigates how mediated social touch (MST) and physiological mirroring can attune participants to each other's affective states. The installation offers a somatic language of mutual care to be incorporated alongside consent protocols. It challenges the disembodied nature of digital culture by emphasising bodily awareness and interconnectedness. The sculptures are not merely passive haptic devices; rather, they play an active role in the interaction. Their agency is expressed through a self-defence mechanism that deploys transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) when boundaries are breached, signalling discomfort. In this way, the technological bodies actively participate and assist human participants in navigating the ethics of touch. This paper documents the conceptual framework, technical design, and public reception of the work using a research-through-design approach. It contributes to discussions on digital intimacy, embodied interaction, and the role of artworks as haptic interfaces in cultivating empathy towards the human and non-human agents alike.
Study substance use among second-generation immigrants in France (G2) in comparison with first-generation immigrants (G1) and majority population, and particularly the variation according to practice of heritage language. in a nation-wide probability sample, we focused on the two largest groups (from Maghreb and Southern-Europe: n = 2,736), analysing their use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis. The main factor of interest was practice of heritage language at home at age 15 (vs. exclusive use of French), and we also considered type of parentage: homogenous (two immigrant parents from the same country) vs. mixed (only one, the other being French). In comparison with the majority population (neither G1 nor G2: n = 19,185), G1 had lower levels of substance use, followed by G2 speaking the heritage language and by G2 with homogeneous parentage. The other G2 reported higher levels of substance use, close to those of the majority population (even higher for tobacco among Maghrebins and cannabis among South-Europeans). These associations remained robust after adjusting for potential individual and contextual confounding variables. Integrating those specificities may help in designing culturally grounded prevention policies benefitting the population at large.
Linear infrastructures are rapidly expanding worldwide, however, their ecological impacts remain poorly understood. Here we integrate vegetation, soil, and microbial surveys along a 495-km north-south transect of the recently opened China-Laos Railway to assess how railway construction influences above-belowground interactions and plant invasion dynamics, and how this depends on latitude and climate. Station habitats were characterized by lower soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and moisture, as well as higher pH and altered C:N:P stoichiometry. These abiotic changes were accompanied by a pronounced reorganization of soil fungal communities, manifested as reduced beta diversity and increased richness of inferred plant pathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal guilds. Disturbed vegetation near railway stations supported significantly greater alien plant richness, cover, and biomass compared to adjacent undisturbed vegetation. Moreover, the mean phylogenetic distance between alien and native species decreased with increasing latitude and remained higher in less disturbed sites, suggesting a transition from species interaction-driven exclusion in the tropics to environment-driven filtering in temperate regions. Structural equation modeling suggested that railway construction was associated with higher alien plant richness through multiple pathways, including shifts in soil nutrient stoichiometry, reduced native plant richness, and increased abundance of potential plant pathogenic fungi. Native plant richness exhibited the strongest negative relationship with alien plant richness. These findings suggest that railway-associated changes in environmental conditions and native community structure may influence patterns of plant invasion along railway corridors.
Human activities disrupt the parasitoid-mediated control of invasive alien species by fragmenting habitats and intensifying temperature-driven pest proliferation. However, the synergistic effects of changes in human-modified landscapes and climatic gradients on parasitoid-herbivore interactions remain underexplored, limiting integrated pest management. Here, we mapped the habitat suitability and dispersal-risk corridors of two invasive agromyzid leafminers (Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii) and evaluated the effects of human activities and climate on the spatial association patterns of parasitoids-agromyzid leafminers on Hainan Island. The core risk patches and high-risk dispersal corridors of the two species were concentrated in towns and cultivated crop-growing areas in the northern plains and coastal regions, underscoring the key role of human activities in driving pest establishment and dispersal. As the temperature increased, human activities reduced the spatial association between agromyzid leafminers and parasitoids. In contrast, land use intensity strengthened their spatial association, likely indicating a trade-off between habitat fragmentation and cropland resource diversity in the spatial association patterns of these two populations. Our study reveals that human activities and climatic factors synergistically reduce spatial association patterns between parasitoids and invasive agromyzid leafminers. This pattern highlights a novel mechanism underlying pest-natural enemy mismatches and provides a conceptual basis for landscape-level strategies to enhance biological control. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
Migrant health is an increasingly important future determinant of population health in Korea due to growing migrant numbers. Preventive care inequalities affecting migrants may receive limited attention, however because of relative health advantages at their time of arrival and because downstream adverse outcomes may not yet be apparent in this group. In this context, Korea's National Health Screening Program (NHSP), which is largely free at the point of use, provides a valuable window into early disparities in preventive care participation. We aimed to quantify 15-year disparities in Korea's National Health Screening Program (NHSP) participation between migrants and non-migrants, identify associated factors, and assess the persistence of these gaps, even among long-term enrollees after covariate adjustment. In this retrospective population-based cohort study using linked nationwide administrative data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and National Health Screening Program records, 1,244,820 migrants and 2,050,771 non-migrants eligible in 2022 were analyzed. Annual participation trends from 2008 to 2022 were examined using crude and age-standardized rates. Multivariable logistic regression among individuals continuously enrolled for ≥ 10 years assessed the independent association of migrant status with ever having undergone screening by 2022. Age-standardized participation rates were consistently lower among migrants throughout 2008-2022. In 2022, crude participation was 40.3% among migrants and 53.5% among the non-migrant comparison group, whereas age-standardized rates were 31.5% and 38.8%, respectively. Among long-term enrollees, migrants had significantly lower adjusted odds of ever having undergone screening by 2022 (adjusted OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.18-0.19). Screening participation disparities persisted throughout the study period and remained evident even among migrants continuously enrolled in National Health Insurance for more than a decade. After multivariable adjustment, this disparity was more pronounced than the crude comparisons suggested. In the context of Korea's ongoing demographic change, these findings underscore the importance of early identification and management of migrant screening inequalities. Migrant-tailored, multilingual, and navigation-supported strategies are needed to reduce the risk of preventive care gaps becoming more deeply rooted health inequalities.
ObjectiveAfrican-born immigrants (ABIs) represent a growing demographic in the United States, constituting nearly half of the foreign-born Black population. They face distinct health challenges, with ABI women experiencing disproportionately high rates of HIV incidence. A critical factor contributing to this health disparity is limited sexual and reproductive health (SRH) literacy. The primary objective of the study was to pilot and evaluate an intervention that employed a culturally responsive, community-led approach to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education for HIV prevention among ABI women.MethodsThe community-based sexual and reproductive health education was implemented using the African Women Making Healthy Choices (AWMHC) curriculum which consists of 10 modules, delivered across 6 sessions. Sessions were facilitated by AB women and combined didactic and interactive learning elements. The primary outcomes measured were HIV-related health literacy and self-efficacy in protective sexual health behaviors. Ten ABI women were recruited through community-based organizations. Demographic and questionnaire data were summarized using frequencies and proportions. Changes in knowledge and perception of risk associated with HIV were assessed using paired t-tests.ResultsAmong the 10 study participants, significant improvements were observed in HIV/SRH knowledge following the intervention, with mean scores increasing from 6.4 to 8.2 out of 10 (p<0.05). Additionally, participants demonstrated enhanced self-efficacy in multiple domains, including condom use negotiation, sexual violence reporting, and healthcare provider engagement. Assertiveness items showing the largest gains related to knowing how to report sexual violence and how to request exams and ask questions of a healthcare provider, each increasing from 6 to 10 affirmative responses.ConclusionThe findings suggest that culturally tailored SRH education interventions can effectively enhance HIV-related knowledge and self-efficacy among ABI women. Addressing SRH literacy gaps - particularly around fertility, condom use, and sexual rights - appears to be a promising strategy for reducing HIV disparities in this population. The community-led delivery model, grounded in African cultural values, was central to participant engagement and may serve as a replicable framework for scaling up SRH programming with ABI communities. Additional research is warranted to evaluate the intervention's long-term impact on behavioral outcomes.
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a devastating invasive pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). To evaluate candidate female-oriented semiochemicals, we examined the electroantennogram (EAG) activity of ten tomato-associated volatiles selected from previous reports. The compound 1-nonanol was selected as a candidate based on its relatively strong EAG activity and was subsequently assessed for its effects on olfaction, orientation, and oviposition. These findings indicate that 1-nonanol elicits female-biased attraction and stimulates oviposition under laboratory conditions. However, its ecological relevance within natural tomato volatile blends and its field performance require further validation before it can be developed as a female-oriented IPM component.
Europe has witnessed a significant increase in immigration over the last 20 years, which has been associated with complex public health issues. The immigrants, such as refugees, asylum seekers, and economic migrants, are exposed to various social exclusion processes and integration barriers that may increase their vulnerability to drug-related risk behaviours. Although there is increasing awareness of this problem, there is a dearth of research synthesising the interplay of social exclusion, integration barriers and substance use among immigrant groups in European settings. The present systematic scoping review sought to identify and map the forms of social exclusion and integration barriers experienced by immigrants in Europe in relation to substance use service access. The systematic scoping review was completed as per the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and was reported following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The searches were conducted in EBSCOhost databases, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science to find peer-reviewed qualitative and mixed-method studies published in English between 2015 and 2025. These studies were eligible provided that they had investigated the association between social exclusion or integration barriers and drug-related risk behaviours among immigrant populations residing in Europe. Five out of 412 citations initially retrieved were included in the study. All the studies employed qualitative or mixed-methods designs and were carried out in Norway, Belgium, Germany and across four metropolitan cities in Europe. The included studies predominantly sampled immigrants already in contact with treatment or healthcare services and/or those experiencing homelessness or precarious housing. The synthesised results indicated that these specific immigrant subgroups experience a variety of interrelated barriers that comprise language challenges, stigma and cultural taboos surrounding substance use, discrimination and racism, lack of awareness of existing services, precarious legal and socioeconomic conditions, and inadequate culturally competent care. These barriers were experienced at an individual, community, and systemic level and seemed to contribute to social exclusion and vulnerability to substance use and harm. The findings suggest that social exclusion and integration barriers are closely associated with access to and experiences with substance use services among specific subgroups of immigrants in Europe. The results highlight the necessity to have culturally sensitive, low-threshold, and linguistically accessible substance use services. Policymakers, service providers, and researchers need to embrace intersectional and participatory strategies to address the structural determinants that may contribute to health inequities among immigrants.
The following four species of typhlocybine leafhoppers are recorded from Japan for the first time: Hebata (Signatasca) fissurata (Dworakowska), Nikkotettixcuspidata Qin et Zhang, Tautoneurapolymitusa Oh et Jung, Aguriahana sichotana (Anufriev). Among these species, N. cuspidata and T. polymitusa are considered likely alien species, based on their host association with non-native plants and their occurrence primarily in urban environments. Biological notes, host plant information, and taxonomic remarks are provided for each species.
In resource-poor sandy habitats, alien plant co-invasion often triggers intense belowground competition mediated by rhizosphere microorganisms. However, the mechanisms by which these plants overcome nutrient limitations remain unclear. Here, we conducted an eight-month in situ monitoring of single- and co-invasion plots of Solanum rostratum and Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. in the Horqin Sandy Land. By integrating soil enzyme assays with 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing, we characterized their rhizosphere microbial community assembly. Co-invasion exposed both species to convergent biotic stress, characterized by the significant enrichment of the pathogenic fungi Didymella and Pseudogymnoascus (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) > 4.0). To mitigate these pressures, the dominant competitor, S. rostratum, specifically recruited a cross-kingdom phosphate-solubilizing consortium comprising Bacillus and Penicillium (LDA > 4.0). This targeted recruitment significantly enhanced rhizosphere activities, increasing phosphatase and sucrase to 86.10 U/g and 2.17 U/g, respectively, thereby maintaining available phosphorus at a high level (35.55 mg/kg). Conversely, the subordinate competitor, C. pauciflorus, lost key native stress-resistant bacteria such as Rubrobacter (relative abundance dropping from 5.39% to 3.27%) and failed to recruit effective microbes, leading to the rapid depletion of available phosphorus (dropping to 21.38 mg/kg). Ultimately, under dual nutrient and pathogenic stress, the precise recruitment and functional integration of cross-kingdom phosphate-solubilizing microbes are strongly linked to the divergent belowground competitive outcomes between these co-invading plants.
There are many invasive alien insect species, several of these species can affect human health by causing disease. These include vectors of vector-borne diseases, such as the triatomines that transmit Chagas disease. Triatoma longipennis Usinger (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is one of the most epidemiologically important vector species of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in Mexico. This study reports the third collection of T. longipennis from the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, where the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in humans has historically exceeded 3.38%. This study evaluates several biological parameters of T. longipennis related to the egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals to molt, and mortality for each instar, of two populations of the invasive species T. longipennis, recently detected in Hidalgo, as well as fecundity and fertility of females at the end of the cycle. Similar results were observed in the two populations for parameters studied, such as median egg-to-adult development time (162, 174 days), number of blood meals at each nymphal instar (7, 8 meals), total mortality (56%, 61%), fecundity (2.8 eggs/female/day) and fertility (83.3, 84.2%). These observed parameters suggest that both populations of the invasive T. longipennis detected in Hidalgo could be important transmitters of T. cruzi and could replace key triatomine species within their new distribution area.
A total of 159 wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives, originating from six Zhong partial amphiploids, were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) at both seedling and adult-plant stages, as well as for field resistance to wheat aphids, together with key agronomic traits. Adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew was common across three years: 34 lines (21.4%) exhibited stable resistance, and 27 (17.0%) were moderately resistant. Resistance frequencies differed among pedigree backgrounds, with Zhong 2 & 5 derivatives showing the highest proportion of stable resistant lines (35.7%). Seedling resistance was detected in 63 lines (39.6%). Aphid resistance was less frequent, with 61 lines (38.4%) classified as resistant, including two highly resistant lines derived from Zhong 3 and Zhong 1 & 3 backgrounds. Combined resistance traits were comparatively rare. Thirty-two lines exhibited resistance to powdery mildew at both seedling and adult-plant stages, while nine lines displayed combined resistance to seedling mildew, adult mildew, and aphids. Analysis of agronomic traits indicated that environmental effects accounted for a substantial proportion of the observed phenotypic variation, whereas pedigree background and resistance responses contributed comparatively little. Correlation analyses revealed generally weak associations between resistance responses and agronomic traits, suggesting that resistance was not a major determinant of agronomic performance within the evaluated population. The identified resistant materials, therefore, represent valuable pre-breeding resources for the incorporation of resistance to multiple biotic stresses in wheat. Further genetic characterization and multi-environment evaluation will facilitate their effective utilization in wheat improvement programs.