Sample Return Capsules (SRCs) entering Earth's atmosphere at hypervelocity from interplanetary space are a valuable resource for studying meteor phenomena. The 24 September 2023 arrival of the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer) SRC provided an unprecedented chance for geophysical observations of a well-characterized source with known parameters, including timing and trajectory. A collaborative effort involving researchers from 16 institutions executed a carefully planned geophysical observational campaign at strategically chosen locations, deploying over 400 ground-based sensors encompassing infrasound, seismic, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), and GPS technologies. Additionally, balloons equipped with infrasound sensors were launched to capture signals at higher altitudes. This campaign (the largest of its kind so far) yielded a wealth of invaluable data anticipated to fuel scientific inquiry for years to come. The success of the observational campaign is evidenced by the near-universal detection of signals across instruments, both proximal and distal. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the collect
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.
Recently, interest has been emerging in the application of symbolic techniques to the specification and analysis of cryptosystems. These techniques, when accompanied by suitable proofs of soundness/completeness, can be used both to identify insecure cryptosystems and prove sound ones secure. But although a number of such symbolic algorithms have been developed and implemented, they remain scattered throughout the literature. In this paper, we present a tool, CryptoSolve, which provides a common basis for specification and implementation of these algorithms, CryptoSolve includes libraries that provide the term algebras used to express symbolic cryptographic systems, as well as implementations of useful algorithms, such as unification and variant generation. In its current initial iteration, it features several algorithms for the generation and analysis of cryptographic modes of operation, which allow one to use block ciphers to encrypt messages more than one block long. The goal of our work is to continue expanding the tool in order to consider additional cryptosystems and security questions, as well as extend the symbolic libraries to increase their applicability.
This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.
This is the unedited authors' version of Chapter 3 appearing in the following book: Self-Assembly Systems: Theory and Simulations Ed. Li-Tang Yan John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp. 53-84 (2017)
This paper studies the sedimentation-consolidation of a double porosity material, such as lumpy clay. Large displacements and finite strains are accounted for in a multidimensional setting. Fundamental equations are derived using a phenomenological approach and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, as set out by Coussy [Coussy, Poromechanics, Wiley, Chichester, 2004]. These equations particularise to three non-linear partial differential equations in one dimensional context. Numerical implementation in a finite element code is currently being undertaken.
A strange "chirping" signal from a distant supernova has revealed the birth of a magnetar, confirming that these incredibly magnetic neutron stars can power the universe's brightest stellar explosions。 The discovery also marks the first time Einstein's general relativity has been used to explain the mechanics of a supernova
Old and forgotten "shims" Microsoft failed to revoke have made Secure Boot bypasses simple
Celebrating the United States' 250th anniversary, NASA released a stunning Hubble portrait of Messier 3, an ancient globular cluster with more than 500,000 stars。 The remarkable cluster is helping scientists unravel the Milky Way's past thanks to its rare stars and possible origins in a long ago cosmic merger
Meta denies using AI to terminate workers with disabilities and medical problems
Water’s odd behavior becomes even more dramatic when it is supercooled, but scientists have struggled to compare the many different ways of describing its microscopic structure。 Researchers at the University of Osaka used an AI model trained on computer simulations to evaluate 16 different structural descriptors。 The system identified the most effe
Hubble has captured a spectacular view of LH 95, where about 2,500 young stars are still on their journey to becoming full-fledged stars。 Scientists discovered these growing stars can keep pulling in gas and dust for millions of years, extending an important stage of stellar development。 The region also contains multiple generations of stars living
New research overturns assumption that abstinent younger drinkers are behind weak demand
Scientists have identified new clues that could help astronomers spot one of the most famous hypothetical alien megastructures: a Dyson sphere。 The study finds that red dwarfs and white dwarfs are the most promising stars to examine, since advanced civilizations could potentially build energy-harvesting swarms around them more easily。 These objects
US military’s drone boats struck an Iranian naval port as war heats up again
Private buyers are increasingly outbidding museums for fossils
Dark matter may be far more complicated than scientists once believed。 A new study suggests it could consist of at least two different kinds of particles that slowly separate over time, with heavier particles sinking toward the centers of galaxies and lighter ones drifting outward。 This simple idea could explain several puzzling cosmic observations
A newly developed material can control and "program" heat, allowing it to direct thermal radiation, switch modes, and remember its settings without continuous power。 The innovation could lead to smarter infrared sensors, better energy technologies, and memory devices that use light and heat instead of electrical charges
NASA's Perseverance rover has reached an impressive new milestone on Mars, completing the equivalent of a full marathon by driving 26。2 miles (42。195 kilometers) across the Red Planet
What if time doesn't actually exist until something changes。 Scientists at the University of Birmingham created a tiny "mini universe" using 24,000 ultracold atoms and showed that the flow of time can emerge naturally from changes inside a quantum system, without relying on any external clock