Nowadays, almost all the online orders were placed through screened devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart appliances, more and more screenless smart devices, e.g., smart speaker and smart refrigerator, appear in our daily lives. They open up new means of interaction and may provide an excellent opportunity to reach new customers and increase sales. However, not all the items are suitable for screenless shopping, since some items' appearance play an important role in consumer decision making. Typical examples include clothes, dolls, bags, and shoes. In this paper, we aim to infer the significance of every item's appearance in consumer decision making and identify the group of items that are suitable for screenless shopping. Specifically, we formulate the problem as a classification task that predicts if an item's appearance has a significant impact on people's purchase behavior. To solve this problem, we extract features from three different views, namely items' intrinsic properties, items' images, and users' comments, and collect a set of necessary labels via crowdsourcing. We then propose an iter
The experience sampling method (ESM) allows for a high degree of ecological validity compared to laboratory research, at the cost of greater effort for participants. It would therefore benefit from implementations that reduce participant effort. In the present paper, we introduce a screenless wrist-worn one-button wearable as an unobtrusive measurement method that can be employed in ESM designs. We developed an open-source Android application to make this commercially available wearable easily configurable and usable. Over the course of six pilot studies, we explored the technical viability (e.g., battery life, reliability of inputs) of this wearable. We compared data quality between wearables and smartphones in a within-subjects design, exploring both the input options of using the number of button presses as a Likert scale, as well as using the angle of the device as a Physical Analogue Scale. Assessments of Extraversion made with either of these methods were highly correlated to comparable assessments made with comparable methods on a smartphone (i.e., Likert scale or a Visual Analogue Scale, respectively). Furthermore, in a preregistered ESM field experiment (N = 134, 4 weeks), we compared compliance to real-life event triggers between wearable devices and smartphones. We found higher numbers of logged events in the wearable group, indicating better adherence to the event-contingent scheduling. Overall, despite the device's minimal capabilities and resulting limitations, one-button wearables can be beneficial for use in ESM designs.
The XERG (Xonics-Electron-Radio-Graphy) system is the first ionographic system (High-Pressure-Gas-Iono-graphy) suitable for clinical application which became available for testing. The basic principle, the function and imaging qualities of the XERG system are described and first clinical experiences reported. The XERG mammogram is a transparent X-ray negative image, the image quality of which is characterized by good general image contrast, a moderate edge-effect and a high quantum-noise level but giving an extremely low dose rate (4.5% compared to screenless mammography film). Although the XERG quality is not satisfactory in contact technique, it yields results which are equal in quality, when using a 1.5-fold magnification technique, to the results obtained with screenless film mammography at one-tenth of the dose, and is superior to any commercially available film-screen system. Hence, in our opinion, the XERG mammography system is a step forward towards high-quality low-dose mammography.
An experimental malaria transmission blocking vaccine antigen, Pfs25H, expressed and secreted from Pichia pastoris was recovered and purified using a screenless expanded bed column equipped with a rotating fluid distribution system. This column was able to accommodate feed stock, containing 30% biomass, at a flow rate of 300-400 cm/h without affecting column stability. This capability is three times higher than the capability of the expanded bed column currently in use, which is equipped with a perforated plate fluid distribution system; this design could accommodate biomass concentrations of only up to 10%. The screen-less design did not affect the binding capacity, purification level or process yield and, therefore, shorten the process. Purified Pfs25H of 6.4 g were recovered from 37 l of Pichia pastoris culture in one step.
Crystals of a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from Photobacterium leiognathi, a luminescent marine bacterium that is the species-specific symbiont of the ponyfish, have been obtained from 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol solutions. The space group was determined using screenless small-angle precession photographs, and was confirmed by analyzing area detector diffraction data with the XENGEN programs for indexing and refinement. The crystals are monoclinic, space group C2 (a = 126.4 A, b = 87.0 A, c = 44.4 A, beta = 92.8 A), and have two 32,000 Mr dimers per asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to at least 2.7 A resolution, are resistant to radiation damage, and are suitable for determination of the structure by X-ray diffraction.
A diffraction-intensity data-collection system with synchrotron radiation X-rays utilizing the screenless Weissenberg technique and incorporating a large-format imaging plate is one of the most suitable apparatus for time-resolved protein crystallography with larger angle oscillations than hitherto described. The time resolution and data quality of the system have been tested using a tetragonal lysozyme crystal as a test sample in a flow-cell experiment at the bending-magnet beamline 18B at the Photon Factory, and a time resolution of 15 min is confirmed.
The concept of the signal-noise matrix with physiological optical noise measurements for defining visibility thresholds provides a quantitative means for comparing film mammographic systems (9). Eighteen such systems were compared. A graded list can be produced relating the integrated signal-noise ratio to area and detail contrast (image quality) and to the required radiation dose (dose efficiency). For this, maximal dose (industrial film) and minimal image quality can be taken into consideration. In this list, in agreement with other publications (12) high resolution film-screen combinations, using industrial film (eg. Cronex 70/screen) come top. In combination with a grid technique, this system achieves a greatly superior image quality. Amongst commercial film-screen systems, only the Trimax mammography system with high resolution screens is comparable. All other commercial systems (single or double coated films) are unsatisfactory with respect to their dose efficiency and image quality. Some industrial films without screens (Mamoray M4) are intermediate between high definition and other commercial systems. Ninety-second, screenless films offered for mammography appear unsuitable for this purpose, both in view of their dose efficiency and image quality.
Just 2 Miles northeast of sleek downtown skyscrapers, across the Buffalo Bayou River from the Houston Astros' Minute Maid Park, lies a landscape greener than most of the urban sprawl, but absent the charm of typical Southern suburbia. The Fifth Ward of Houston, TX, is dotted with a patchwork of homes with screenless windows, many desperately clinging to their beams, surrounded by twisted chain link fences patrolled by trotting packs of skeletal stray dogs. Broken roads are lined with piles of abandoned tires, and pools of stagnant, dirty water. It is here that Dr. Peter Hotez (Figure 1) illustrates one of the wealthiest countries in the world is not immune to poverty and its associated medical crises.
The aim is to present the curve of the rotation centre in dental panoramic radiography and to examine its influence on organ doses. A screenless film was fixed between the layers of an Alderson Rando phantom in the centre of the mandible. The phantom was positioned in two different X-ray units [Scanora (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland) and Orthophos (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany)] and exposed. Organ doses and effective doses were determined. The curves of the rotation centre showed clear differences especially in the area of the parotid gland. These differences corresponded to the differences in organ doses and in effective doses (Scanora: 29.9 microGy; Orthophos Plus: 14 microGy). Artefacts might be shown (Orthophos, result of a plate osteosynthesis) or not (Scanora) due to the different rotation centres. Differences in organ doses and in image quality, e.g. artefacts, were explained with the curve of the rotation centre and beam geometry.
The physical parameters of three radiographic filming systems used for mammography were analysed (industrial film without screens, lo dose system (Dupont), industrial film with lo dose screens). Their effect on image quality was studied and the influence of the exposure geometry on sharpness and detail was investigated experimentally. Geometrical unsharpness so reduces the difference in definition between screenless industrial film and a film-screen combination that the total unsharpness at the centre of the breast parenchyma of an average breast becomes approximately the same. In particular, recognition of fine detail (microcalcification) is reduced by geometric unsharpness. Final grading of the three film systems is only possible after development of a concept of film quality which takes account of the parameters of the filming system and of exposlre geometry, together with physiological and practical requirements (paper II).
Off-line and on-line protein data-collection systems using an imaging plate as a detector are described and their components reported. The off-line scanner IPR4080 was developed for a large-format imaging plate ;BASIII' of dimensions 400 x 400 mm and 400 x 800 mm. The characteristics of this scanner are a dynamic range of 10(5) photons pixel(-1), low background noise and high sensitivity. A means of reducing electronic noise and a method for finding the origin of the noise are discussed in detail. A dedicated screenless Weissenberg camera matching IPR4080 with synchrotron radiation was developed and installed on beamline BL6B at the Photon Factory. This camera can attach one or two sheets of 400 x 800 mm large-format imaging plate inside the film cassette by evacuation. The positional reproducibility of the imaging plate on the cassette is so good that the data can be processed by batch job. Data of 93% completeness up to 1.6 A resolution were collected on a single axis rotation and the value of R(merge) becomes 4% from a tetragonal lysozyme crystal using a set of two imaging-plate sheets. Comparing two types of imaging plates, the signal-to-noise ratio of the ST-VIP-type imaging plate is 25% better than that of the BASIII-type imaging plate for protein data collection using 1.0 and 0.7 A X-rays. A new on-line protein data-collection system with imaging plates is specially designed to use synchrotron radiation X-rays at maximum efficiency.
The ROC method is being used increasingly in radiology for the purpose of checking image quality. A phantom has been developed for use in mammography, which takes account of the tissues of the breast and of abnormal changes. In order to compare image quality, various films and film-screen systems were employed. The effect of slice-thickness, focal spot size and radiation scatter on image quality has been examined. The suitability of the method for quality control has been tested on a small sample. In addition, certain important parameters of the radiographic technique have been determined by physical measurements. Certain methodological difficulties must be considered, eg. the problem of statistical significance. It has been shown, however, that film-screen systems can approach the image quality of screenless films and require a lower dose of x-rays. For larger slice thickness, the use of a grid produces significantly better results than film without screens alone. The findings of the quality control show that it is important to check image quality by means of physical measurements. The ROC method has proved less valuable in this respect.
The smallest dimension (dmin) of circular, isolated micro-calcifications in breast tissue was studied in relation to the degree of calcification (weight-per cent-appetite), relative scatter and the film properties of screenless mammography films. From our own investigations on phantoms, the smallest signal-to-noise ratio (delta S min/delta R) was obtained which determines the minimal contrast, given the film properties (film response S, film gradient gamma) and the amount of scatter. An approximate formula for dmin has been derived which incorporates the ROC concept.
Rove beetles of the genus Paederus cause dermatitis when they come in contact with human skin. This condition is prevalent in some tropical and subtropical regions, such as in northern Pakistan, where it was recorded for the first time by US troops. Despite much research from other countries on this subject, few studies, mostly clinical, have been performed in a Pakistani context. A survey was carried out in villages, towns and cities of Punjab province, Pakistan, to explore the rove beetle population dynamics and to develop a model to elucidate the symptoms, preventive measures and treatment strategies for this dermatitis. The prospective observational and patient surveys were performed bimonthly over a period of two years, in different districts of Punjab province. Collection was carried out in fields, gardens and houses during every visit with the aid of a pitfall trap, light trap, flight intercept trap, Berlese funnel trap and sweep netting. These traps were installed for four days during every visit. Interviews of ten individuals of different ages and sexes from each site were recorded during each visit. Out of 980 individuals, 26.4% were found to suffer from Paederus dermatitis. Lesions were most commonly found on the neck followed by the face. In July-August during the rainy season, this skin irritation was most prevalent and the population of these beetles peaked (36.2%). During May-June, the beetle population was lowest (7.85%) due to soil dryness. About 70% of such irritation cases were from individuals living in farming villages or in farmhouses. Their houses typically (80%) had broken doors and screen-less windows while 97% of the residents were unaware of how they may have come into contact with these beetles. In most cases (91% from villages/small towns and 24% from cities and adjoining areas) the local residents were unaware of modern treatment strategies. Paederus dermatitis is extremely frequent in villages with poor housing facilities and could be avoided via community awareness.
The hospital is often a challenging and unfamiliar environment for families. Hospitalization can increase stress and anxiety among children and caregivers. In this study, we are the first to explore the possible therapeutic effects of poetry on hospitalized pediatric patients' emotional wellbeing. Patients aged 8 to 17 years old admitted to the inpatient pediatric ward and their parents or guardians were eligible for inclusion. With the validated Pediatric Quality of Life Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scales, 6 items were measured before and after the poetry intervention for each participant: fear, sadness, anger, worry, fatigue, and pain in the present moment. The intervention itself consisted of poetry-based reading and writing exercises. Participants and parents also completed an open-ended qualitative survey on their experience. Data from 44 participants were analyzed. Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, we showed that the poetry intervention had a statistically significant reduction in 5 of the 6 Pediatric Quality of Life Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scales symptom measures: fear (P = .021), sadness (P = .004), anger (P = .039), worry (P = .041), and fatigue (P < .001). Reduction in pain was not statistically significant (P = .092). Six coded themes emerged from qualitative analysis: the poetry intervention facilitated (1) happiness and (2) family involvement, was viewed as a (3) good distraction and (4) screenless activity, and cultivated (5) creativity and (6) self-reflection. The poetry intervention led to statistically significant reductions in fear, sadness, anger, worry, and fatigue but not in pain. The study reveals promising results and serves as a starting point for future investigations on the therapeutic impact of poetry on hospitalized pediatric patients.
This study focused on the milling of wet granulated agglomerates at points before and after drying in a typical high-shear pharmaceutical process train. These steps, referred to here as wet and dry milling, utilized a conical screen mill. Milling of granulation in the wet state eliminated 1-10mm size agglomerates without affecting granule porosity or inducing further agglomeration. These millimeter-size agglomerates broke down during wet milling into moderately sized fragments larger than 125microm. In contrast, when milled after drying, these same 1-10mm-size agglomerates broke down predominantly into fine particles less than 125microm. Data from screen-less milling trials suggest that the mill screen served only as a classifier and did not significantly contribute to the route of breakage for either wet or dry milling. However, in the case of dry milling, mill screens with grated surface textures did result in fewer fines than non-grated screens. This may be a result of reduced residence time in the mill. Experiments varying the size fraction of feed material and the rotational speed of the mill's impeller identified impact attrition as the primary mechanism governing dry granule breakage. The findings in this study shed light into the fundamental breakdown behavior of pharmaceutical agglomerates and demonstrate how breakdown of wet agglomerates via a de-lumping step prior to drying can lead to a reduced level of fine particle generation during dry milling.
Personal health monitoring via IoT in LMICs is limited by affordability, low digital literacy, and limited health data comprehension. We present Guardian Angel, a low-cost, screenless wearable paired with a WhatsApp-based LLM agent that delivers plain-language, personalized insights. The LLM operates directly on raw, noisy sensor waveforms and is robust to the poor signal quality of low-cost hardware. On a benchmark dataset, a standard open-source algorithm produced valid outputs for only 70.29% of segments, whereas Guardian Angel achieved 100% availability (reported as coverage under field noise, distinct from accuracy), yielding a continuous and understandable physiological record. In a 96-hour study involving 20 participants (1,920 participant-hours), users demonstrated significant improvements in health data comprehension and mindfulness of vital signs. These results suggest a practical approach to enhancing health literacy and adoption in resource-constrained settings.
Individuals with tetraplegia and similar forms of paralysis suffer physically and emotionally due to a lack of autonomy. To help regain part of this autonomy, assistive robotic arms have been shown to increase living independence. However, users with paralysis pose unique challenging conditions for the control of these devices. In this article, we present the use of Diegetic Graphical User Interfaces, a novel, intuitive, and computationally inexpensive approach for gaze-controlled interfaces applied to robots. By using symbols paired with fiducial markers, interactive buttons can be defined in the real world which the user can trigger via gaze, and which can be embedded easily into the environment. We apply this system to pilot a 3-degree-of-freedom robotic arm for precision pick-and-place tasks. The interface is placed directly on the robot to allow intuitive and direct interaction, eliminating the need for context-switching between external screens, menus, and the robot. After calibration and a brief habituation period, twenty-one participants from multiple backgrounds, ages and eye-sight conditions completed the Yale-CMU-Berkeley (YCB) Block Pick and Place Protocol to benchmark
Powered by Gemini and designed around simplicity, the new Fitbit Air could finally give the screenless fitness tracker market a compelling alternative to Whoop