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Chronic wounds, especially in diabetic patients, are difficult to manage because of delayed healing and high infection risk. Traditional polyherbal formulations, which are composed of multiple medicinal plants with synergistic effects, are widely used in wound care, but their clinical effectiveness has not been comprehensively synthesized. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of traditional polyherbal formulations for wound healing. Databases were searched, and RCTs involving adults with wounds, where the intervention was traditional polyherbal formulation rather than a placebo, standard care, or other active treatments, were included. The meta-analysis was conducted via a random-effects model, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated via GRADE. Eight RCTs were included. The pooled mean difference for healing time favored polyherbal formulations (-3.28 days; 95%CI = -8.56 to 2.01) but was not statistically significant. Similarly, HbA1c reduction (-5.97%; 95%CI = -30.86 to 18.93) was not significantly different, with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98%), and no publication bias was detected. Although several individual herbs within these formulations possess tissue-regenerative, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, the pooled results indicate only a modest, nonsignificant trend toward faster healing. Variations in formulation composition, treatment duration, and methodological quality limit the certainty of evidence, which ranges from high (age) to very low (HbA1c) on the GRADE assessment. Overall, polyherbal formulations show therapeutic promise as adjuncts to standard wound, whereas larger, well-designed trials using standardized formulations and clinically relevant endpoints are needed to establish their efficacy and optimize their clinical application.

Salacca zalacca (snake fruit) is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, organic acids, and vitamin C. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of body massage oil containing snake fruit extract, in conjunction with traditional Thai massage (TTM), on skin quality in healthy individuals. Seventy-one participants aged 18-35&#x2009;years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) control group (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;23) receiving TTM without oil; (2) Treatment-1 group (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;23) receiving TTM with pure coconut oil; and (3) Treatment-2 group (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;25) receiving TTM with snake fruit extract-infused oil. All participants received 60-min massages once weekly for 12&#x2009;weeks. Skin parameters including elasticity, moisture, melanin, and oiliness were assessed at the neck, back, arm, and leg regions. After 12&#x2009;weeks, skin elasticity significantly improved at all assessed regions in all groups (p < 0.001), with no significant between-group differences. Skin melanin levels significantly decreased at the back and leg regions across all groups (p < 0.05), with no between-group differences observed. Skin moisture significantly increased at the leg region only in the Treatment-2 group (p = 0.003). Skin oiliness significantly increased at all measured regions in both oil-based groups (Treatment-1 and Treatment-2) (p < 0.05) and was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05), except at the back region in the Treatment-2 group. Massage oil containing snake fruit extract demonstrated specific benefits in enhancing skin oiliness and localized moisture. However, it did not confer overall superiority over conventional coconut oil, while improvements in elasticity and melanin appeared to be primarily attributable to the massage technique itself. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06227260.

Widespread environmental contamination by heavy metals from anthropogenic sources has raised significant concerns about their accumulation in plant based therapeutics and the associated risks to human health. With reported exceedances of permissible limits in approximately 20%-80% of plant based therapeutics across different geographical regions where over 30%-50% of the samples collected from high-risk environments, particularly areas adjacent to industrial, mining, and intensive agricultural activities. The samples contain elevated concentrations of toxic metals, frequently exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) safety thresholds. This study elucidates the mechanisms through which toxic metals infiltrate plant-based therapeutics and trigger oxidative stress, resulting in cellular dysfunction and disease progression. Under physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during normal metabolism are efficiently scavenged by endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione and superoxide dismutase, thereby preserving redox equilibrium. Exposure to redox-active metals disrupts this balance by catalyzing cyclic reactions-such as Fenton chemistry-that result in excessive ROS generation. This elevated ROS production overwhelms endogenous antioxidant defenses, leading to oxidative stress characterized by lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage. Such molecular damage triggers various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. The contamination of herbal drugs by toxic metals occurs in two primary stages. During the herb development phase, plants absorb metals from contaminated soils. The efficiency of this uptake is quantified by the transfer coefficient (TC) and the translocation factor (TF), which indicate the accumulation of metals in the roots relative to the soil and the movement from roots to aerial parts, respectively. Soil metal availability is influenced by factors such as parent material, atmospheric deposition, agrochemicals, organic waste, and inorganic pollutants, while being modulated by processes like crop removal, leaching, and volatilization. In the manufacturing phase, the metal burden is further augmented by both intentional additions (e.g., metal bhasma with purported therapeutic benefits) and unintentional sources (e.g., post harvest processing, transportation, storage conditions, equipment interactions, and cross-contamination). This comprehensive analysis underscores the urgent need for rigorous quality control measures throughout the herbal drug production process to mitigate metal-induced oxidative stress and its deleterious health effects.

This study investigates the potential of Libyan bentonite as an eco-friendly and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions. Natural and acid-activated bentonite samples were collected from the Umm al-Razm region of Libya. Experimental conditions, such as initial CR concentrations (10-60&#x2009;ppm), pH values (5-10), contact times (5-120&#x2009;min), temperatures (25&#xb0;C-55&#xb0;C), and adsorbent doses (0.001-0.007&#x2009;g), were applied to natural and acid-activated bentonite samples drawn from Umm al-Razm, Libya, using a batch adsorption approach. Acid activation significantly improved the adsorption performance compared to the natural material. The Freundlich isotherm model describes the adsorption of the CR onto both materials, according to equilibrium data. This conformance highlights the heterogeneous adsorption process involving multilayer formation. Furthermore, thermodynamic analysis definitively proved the process to be endothermic and spontaneous, confirming that increasing the temperature enhances the adsorption capacity. These results offer critical insights into the physicochemical modifications induced by acid activation and illustrate the basic concepts of the mechanism governing CR uptake. The findings offer important insights for developing targeted surface engineering strategies that effectively tackle the inherent electrostatic challenges faced in the design of adsorbent materials.

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is a medicinal plant whose extract quality can vary with environmental context and associated differences in plant morphology and secondary metabolism. This study examined how geographical variation across three Indonesian agroecological regions (Kediri, Kulon Progo, and Tawangmangu) is associated with morphological variation, qualitative phytochemical profiles, and measured bioactivity of C. asiatica extracts. Comparative analyses revealed distinct region-specific morphological traits that covaried with differences in extraction yield, qualitative phytochemical signals, antioxidant capacity, and photoprotective activity. Among the tested solvent systems, ethanol consistently produced extracts with broader metabolite-class signals and higher measured bioactivity. The high-altitude Tawangmangu accession extracted with ethanol showed the lowest IC50 and the highest SPF values in this dataset, a pattern consistent with the working interpretation of eco-phytochemical association along an environmental gradient. Factorial statistical analyses indicated significant effects of accession, solvent polarity, and their interaction on extract quality and bioactivity. Overall, the findings support the importance of integrating geographical origin and extraction strategy when selecting plant sources for standardized botanical extracts while acknowledging that mechanistic causation was not tested.

The emerging issue of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is highly affecting global sustainable and economic development endeavors. Countries with high population growth, rapid industrialization, and significant energy needs find themselves in this bracket. This study, based on data from 1960 to 2018, evaluates carbon emissions using principal component analysis (PCA). The findings indicate that two leading principal components (C.1 and C.2) had the greatest impact as they accounted for seventy-seven percent (77%) of the total variance. The eigenvalues of both components were greater than one, signifying their significance. C.1 shows a strong connection for CO2 emissions, total population, and production of electric energy through various sources. C.2 is more connected to the growth of industries. The scree plot confirms this by finding them to be dominant. This emphasizes the interaction between electricity production, specifically from coal, and the demographic data. The results highlight how PCA can be utilized to distinguish drivers that cause the emission of carbon to provide an understanding that might be used in managing the environment and setting relevant policies.

Data center management, the foundation of contemporary cloud computing, has made energy saving a top priority. Among other difficulties, the placement of virtual machines (VMs) has a major impact on data center resource and energy usage. Assigning VMs to physical machines (PMs) is a challenging NP-hard problem, especially in large-scale infrastructures where it is computationally infeasible to find an ideal solution. To solve the VM placement problem, the proposed study formulates it as a restricted optimization problem with the goal of preserving performance while lowering energy consumption. The explosive growth of data centers has resulted in higher energy consumption and higher carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which are a primary cause of climate change. Globally, governments, energy-focused organizations, and business executives have taken notice of this expanding environmental impact. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of data center energy consumption patterns, environmental effects, and trends in energy consumption. It also suggests doable energy-saving measures, such as installing energy-efficient infrastructure and upgrading air conditioning systems. The paper also presents an improved genetic algorithm-based method that is tailored for energy-conscious VM deployment, successfully striking a balance between computing economy and convergence accuracy. The suggested solution highly increased data centers' energy efficiency by incorporating this strategy within a profile-based virtual resource management model. Additionally, policy suggestions for sustainable data center management are delineated, advancing the more general objective of ecologically conscious cloud computing. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves up to 50% reduction in execution time, 48% fewer generations for convergence, and approximately 7% reduction in energy consumption compared to traditional first fit decreasing (FFD) methods. Additionally, the integration of task classification improves energy efficiency by up to 15% and reduces the number of active PMs. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed framework in enabling scalable, energy-efficient, and environmentally sustainable cloud data center management.

Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy (RT). The present study is aimed at provide the best treatment for patients undergoing RT by determining the characteristics of the Candida species in these patients and investigating the antifungal sensitivity patterns against eight available drugs according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 30 patients underwent head and neck RT. All patients were examined in three stages using oral and pharyngeal mucus swabs, and nystatin was prescribed for patients with symptoms of candidiasis infection. Subsequently, clinical fungal specimens were investigated by direct microscopy and culture and tested for sensitivity to antifungal drugs. MIC50, MIC90, and geometric mean MIC were calculated for each drug. Evidence of fungal colonization was observed in 17 specimens at various stages, with Candida albicans being the most frequently identified species. All tested Candida isolates were sensitive to nystatin and amphotericin B, whereas Trichosporon asahii showed intrinsic resistance to echinocandins (caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin), and C. krusei exhibited the expected intrinsic resistance to fluconazole. The observed sensitivity of C. tropicalis to the tested antifungal drugs is based on a single isolate and should be considered descriptive rather than generalizable. Cases of C. albicans strains showed moderate or dose-dependent susceptibility to itraconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin. The isolate of T. asahii was only sensitive to nystatin and amphotericin B. According to the laboratory and clinical results, nystatin is recommended for most patients. Finally, it is better to prescribe the antifungal drugs in each center according to their reported sensitivity.

The ethnopharmacological relevance of Dysphania ambrosioides (commonly known as M'khinza) is evident in its longstanding traditional use across various cultures, where it is valued for its medicinal properties in addressing a range of health conditions, emphasizing the potential for further pharmacological exploration. The present study aims to investigate the cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries following the administration of aqueous extract (Aq.E) of D. ambrosioides leaves in isolated rat hearts according to Langendorff. The hearts of male Wistar rats were isolated, allowed to acclimate for 30&#x2009;min, and then experienced global ischemia for 30&#x2009;min and reperfusion for 120&#x2009;min. Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) was infused into the control group. However, a solution with 10, 20, and 40&#x2009;&#xb5;g/mL of extract was infused into the treatment groups (KHB). The Aq.E anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antioxidant properties were also assessed, and its mineral composition was examined. Our results demonstrate that the D. ambrosioides leaf Aq.E has considerable cardioprotective activity, evidenced by its beneficial hemodynamic, biochemical, and histological effects in mitigating myocardial lesions induced by the IR sequence. The findings from this study indicate that the D. ambrosioides leaf Aq.E provides cardioprotective benefits in the context of IR injury. This protective effect is attributed to the extract's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties, as evidenced by significant hemodynamic, biochemical, and histological improvements. These findings highlight the potential of D. ambrosioides as a medicinal substance for preserving cardiac function and integrity during ischemic events.

The Seka Chekorsa District in Jimma Zone holds significant potential for irrigation, particularly for small-scale wheat production under irrigation farming system. Recently, the Ethiopian government has given irrigation facility construction a lot in order to boost Agricultural productivity and output. However, limited research has been conducted in the adoption of small-scale irrigation for wheat production and its impacts on household food security in the Seka Chekorsa District. The aim of this study was to examine the adoption of small-scale irrigation wheat production and its impacts on household food security in the Jimma Zone, Seka Chekorsa district. A cross-sectional study design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data collected through survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions with 100 adopters and 153 nonadopters from February to April 2023. Secondary data were obtained from published and unpublished sources. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, Logit models, and propensity score matching. A binary logit model analysis result showed education level, family size, credit use, frequency of extension contacts, and ownership of livestock significantly and positively influenced the adoption of irrigated wheat production. However, the distance of land plot from the water source negatively affected small-scale irrigation wheat production adoption. The propensity score matching results indicated that the adoption of irrigated wheat production raised the caloric intake of households by 518.86&#x2009;kcal/AE/day compared with nonadopters. The qualitative findings indicated key constraints to small-scale irrigation wheat production, including lack of irrigation equipment, limited access to improved seeds, high input costs, water logging, bird attacks, and untimely rainfall. But, water and labor availability were noted as opportunities. The study also found that adopters of irrigated wheat production are more food secure than nonadopters. Therefore, raising awareness among nonadopters and promoting further research in this area is recommended.

Nicotiana tabacum is a cash crop that originated in America and was introduced to the world by Christopher Colombus. It is now cultivated in many countries with major producers including China, the USA, India, and Brazil. The plant was widely used by the indigenous people of America for different reasons (spiritual, hallucination, and medical). The medicinal usage of the plant was confirmed by many phytochemical and pharmacological studies on different parts of the plant. The plant essentially contains alkaloids (nicotine is the major component) and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and many phenolic acids. Glycosides and terpenes are also present in N. tabacum. These components are responsible for many pharmacological effects. Besides the therapeutic usage of the plant, the leaves of the plant served as a hallucination agent; they were either smoked or chewed. Nowadays tobacco products are universally used. Smokeless tobacco products are numerous and diversified; they can be handmade or manufactured. Unlike the plant, smokeless tobacco products are harmful to health. Many products exist around the world with different compositions and names, such as paan, zarda, toombak, khaini, naswar, loose leaf, moist snuff, snus, and shammah. These products have been confirmed to cause many serious pathological conditions. In addition to being addictive, they can lead to various types of cancer especially oral cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, fertility issues, and fetal damage when consumed by pregnant women. They also increase the risk of thrombosis and so on. While the harmful effects of some products have been scientifically proven, others (e.g., chemma) have not. This highlights the importance of scientific investigation to confirm their potential risks.

Routinely, the focus of pre-assisted reproduction technology (ART) assessments is ovarian reserve hormones and semen parameters. However, a growing body of research suggests that systemic metabolic health is a critical determinant of reproductive outcomes. The study therefore sought to evaluate disparities in baseline cardiometabolic, hepatic, renal and haematologic factors in infertile women and their pregnancy status following the ART procedure. This cross-sectional baseline assessment with prospective follow-up study was conducted at The Chosen Hospital and Fertility Centre in Accra, Ghana, from January 2024 to March 2025. The study involved 206 infertile women aged from 28 to 60 years. Venous blood samples were collected and analysed for fasting lipids, complete blood count and renal and liver function, before any ART procedure. The pregnancy status of women was determined after the ART procedure as either positive or negative, and whether their infertility type was primary, secondary or subfertility. In the multivariable analysis, the chloride level was 0.164&#x2009;mmol/L higher in women who achieved post-ART pregnancy with an adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.179 (1.017-1.366). The proportion of eosinophils was higher in subfertility than in primary infertility (3.7 &#xb1; 1.8 vs. 2.3 &#xb1; 1.5, p < 0.050). In addition, the mean platelet volume (10.4 &#xb1; 1.8 vs. 9.8 &#xb1; 1.5 vs. 8.3 &#xb1; 1.1, p < 0.050) and the platelet distribution width (13.3 &#xb1; 3.0 vs. 12.4 &#xb1; 2.7 vs. 9.9 &#xb1; 1.8, p < 0.050) were higher in secondary infertility than primary and subfertility. As a routinely available and inexpensive biomarker, serum chloride could enhance pre-ART assessment if confirmed in larger prospective studies. The MPV, PDW and eosinophil proportion across infertility types may be indicators of distinct underlying pathophysiological pathways in different infertility diagnoses.

Assessing land degradation is essential for identifying susceptible regions and planning sustainable landscape management approaches. This research employed a combination of geographic information system (GIS) and multicriteria analysis (MCA) to delineate and evaluate land degradation within the Choke Mountain watershed of the upper Blue Nile. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to standardize all indicators and assign weights through comparison. A comprehensive analysis of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of land degradation was carried out. The results showed that about 50.64% of the watershed is at a high to very high risk of soil erosion, with an average loss of 44&#x2009;t of soil per hectare each year. More than half of the watershed also exhibits moderate-to-high biological degradation levels, as evidenced by sparse vegetation cover and low levels of soil organic matter. About 70.7% of the area experiences only a mild physical degradation type. Biological degradation was rated as low in 37.4% of the watershed and moderate in 55.5%. The chemical degradation assessment revealed that most of the area (55.6%) has neutral soil pH values between 6.7 and 7.3. The integrated MCA results showed that 1.2% of the watershed is very low, 25.5% is low, 37.15% is moderate, and 36.15% is highly degraded in the Choke Mountain watershed. Overall, the main causes of land degradation in the Choke Mountain watershed are severe soil erosion, deforestation, and biomass deterioration. The most evident signs of land degradation are extensive biodiversity decline and soil erosion. Therefore, implementing comprehensive land management strategies is essential to prevent land degradation, enhance soil organic matter, and increase vegetation cover.

Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in neonates. Knowledge and practice of infection prevention guidelines are the cornerstone to minimizing HAI among sick and preterm neonates in intensive care units (NICU). To assess neonatal nurses' knowledge and observed practices of HAI prevention guidelines and to determine their most important contributing factors. A cross-sectional descriptive observational design was applied. NICUs of two large teaching hospitals in the northern region of Jordan. Neonatal nurses (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;85) working full-time at the selected NICUs. Neonatal nurses' knowledge level and observed practices regarding HAI prevention guidelines were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire and a structured observation checklist developed in accordance with the WHO and CDC infection control guidelines. Knowledge levels about HAI prevention guidelines were rated good in 65% of participants, fair in 34%, and poor in 1%. Observed HAI prevention practices were good in 12.9% of participating nurses, fair in 71.8%, and poor in 15.3% of participants. No significant correlation was found between nurses' knowledge and their observed practice. However, knowledge was significantly correlated with workplace and attending infection prevention courses (p < 0.05), while good practice levels were positively correlated with educational level (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.044), but negatively correlated with age, years of experience, and workplace (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.013, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.023, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.001, respectively). Despite being knowledgeable, NICU nurses in our study demonstrated suboptimal practices of HAI prevention guidelines. This knowledge-practice gap highlights the importance of reinforcing infection prevention through ongoing education, supportive institutional measures, and regular monitoring. Such efforts may help strengthen adherence to safe infection prevention practices and enhance the quality of neonatal care. Future studies with larger and more diverse samples are recommended to validate these findings and explore contextual factors influencing practice.

The abundance of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment is increasingly threatening the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems and human health. Moreover, conventional raw water treatment for treated water used for drinking water supply has not been able to remove MPs, which can cause biomagnification and accumulation in the human body. Information regarding the distribution and characteristics of MPs, which contaminate raw water for treated water, still needs to be provided, which becomes the aim of current research. The objectives of this research are to determine the abundance and characterization of MPs in raw water for treated water in the primary irrigation canals of Karawang, which originates from the Citarum Watershed. Fifty water samples were taken along 50.00&#x2009;km of primary irrigation canals with 1.00&#x2009;km from each point by the volume reduction method using two modified manta trawls in duplicates. MPs were prepared, observed, and analyzed using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration method, Olympus BX-41 microscopes, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR), respectively. The results showed that MPs had contaminated raw water for treated water along the primary irrigation canals of Karawang as much as 48.33-339.17 particles/L, which was dominated by less than 1.00&#x2009;mm of particles and fragments in size and shapes, respectively. The polymer of contaminated MPs was dominated by polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride with similarities of 80.11%-92.26%, 81.26%-87.44%, and 88.96%. The development and improvement of management for water resources, solid waste, wastewater, and drinking water supply systems in Karawang are recommended to address the potential for MPs contamination, consumption, and biomagnification to humans.

Emerging organic pollutants in medical waste present significant environmental challenges. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution, leveraging natural processes to effectively mitigate these risks. So, this review aims to discuss the role of microbial biofilm and quorum sensing in the bioremediation of these pollutants, with a special focus on their mechanism of action, application, and potential. The review begins with an overview of emerging organic pollutants, the importance of bioremediation, the basics of quorum sensing, and its significance in a microbial consortium. Key findings indicate that technological applications such as engineered biofilm bioreactors, electroactive biofilms in microbial fuel cells, co-culture systems, and genetic engineering of QS pathways significantly accelerate pollutant mitigation compared to traditional methods. For instance, specific case studies (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pharmaceutical degradation) demonstrate the efficacy of QS-mediated metabolic control. A key conclusion is that leveraging these integrated QS-biofilm systems can surpass conventional waste degradation approaches. However, limitations include the difficulty of scaling up laboratory nanobioremediation systems and the complexity of interspecies signaling in real-world applications. Future research bottlenecks must prioritize investigating the stability of QS signals within complex wastewater matrices impacted by variables like pH and indigenous quorum-quenching microorganisms and developing precise biofilm control strategies through QS manipulation to optimize architecture for targeted degradation. Bridging these gaps through real-scale validation is essential to transition these promising laboratory-scale technologies into practical environmental applications. This review serves as a benchmark for developing immediate, bio-based solutions to mitigate the risks posed by EMOPs.

While synthetic fiber composites offer some positive environmental attributes, researchers are trying to explore natural fiber composites (NFCs) due to the high cost and pollution associated with their production. As a result, it is essential to look at the tribological properties that natural composite materials exhibit. This research aims to provide a thorough examination of the current literature about the tribological characteristics of particle-reinforced and fiber-reinforced natural composites under lubrication, such as volume loss, friction, and wear. Additionally, the operational and material aspects influencing tribological behavior are also examined in this study. The results show that a wide range of material parameters, including particle size, volume fraction, fiber orientation, fiber length, surface treatment, and aspect ratio, as well as numerous operational factors, including normal load, sliding velocity, sliding distance, and temperature, significantly affect the tribological properties. The current review study, which focuses on the tribological characteristics of NFCs in lubricated environments, is assumed by the authors to have the ability to direct future research in the creation of innovative material designs for tribological applications.

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is a common inherited visual disorder that can interfere with academic tasks and daily activities that rely on accurate color discrimination. Despite its potential educational and occupational implications, data on CVD prevalence and functional impact among university students in Bangladesh remain limited. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of CVD among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and describing patterns of learning-related and daily-life difficulties among affected students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1207 students from two universities in Dhaka. Color vision was assessed using the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates under standardized lighting conditions to identify red-green CVD. Students diagnosed with CVD completed a structured questionnaire evaluating difficulties in academic tasks, digital media use, and daily activities. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate prevalence, while factor analysis was applied to examine patterns of difficulties associated with impaired color perception. Overall, 33 students (2.7%) were identified with CVD. All affected participants were male, corresponding to a prevalence of 3.4% among male students, while no cases were observed among females. Students with CVD reported notable difficulties in educational activities involving color-coded learning materials, multimedia content, and object recognition in daily life. These findings highlight reported patterns of challenges in both learning-related and practical tasks. CVD affects a notable proportion of male university students in Bangladesh and is associated with meaningful academic and daily-life challenges. Early screening and increased awareness may help reduce these difficulties and support informed academic and career-related decision-making.

Streblus asper (Moraceae) is traditionally used for neurological and febrile disorders, but its pharmacological basis remains unclear. This study evaluated the S. asper leaf methanolic extract (SAL-ME) for anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative, and antipyretic activities using Swiss albino mice and in silico docking analyses. Behavioral assays included the elevated plus maze, hole-board, forced swim, tail suspension, hole cross, and open field tests, while brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia was used to assess antipyretic activity. SAL-ME (200 and 400&#x2009;mg/kg) produced dose-dependent effects, significantly reducing immobility time (p < 0.001), increasing open-arm exploration (p < 0.01), and suppressing locomotor activity, indicating antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative actions. A significant antipyretic effect was observed at 400&#x2009;mg/kg, with a marked reduction in rectal temperature within 3&#x2009;h posttreatment (p < 0.01). Molecular docking analysis revealed notable binding affinities of octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, D-pinitol, &#x3b1;-D-glucopyranoside, myo-inositol, and butanedioic acid with target proteins associated with GABAergic, serotonergic, and prostaglandin-mediated pathways. Collectively, these findings suggest that SAL-ME exerts dose-dependent, multitarget pharmacological effects, supporting its potential as a phytotherapeutic candidate for CNS disorders and fever.