ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTJournal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 8, 416APublication Date (Print):April 15, 1993Publication History Published online31 May 2012Published inissue 15 April 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00056a738RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (87 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The term polyphenols embraces several thousand compounds ranging from small compounds that contain only a single aromatic ring bearing one to three hydroxyls up to those containing multiple such structural units with molecular masses exceeding 2000 Da.Polyphenols are commonly divided into flavonoids and non-flavonoids.Flavonoids, characterized by a C6-C3-C6 skeleton, include anthocyanins, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, dihydroflavonols, flavanols (flavan-3-ols or catechins), condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavones.Non-flavonoids include simple phenols, phenolic acids, phenolic amino acids, curcuminoids, stilbenes, lignans, and hydrolyzable gallo-and ellagitannins.Polyphenols are widespread and are almost ubiquitous in unprocessed plant material.Polyphenols are much less common in animals, generally occurring as metabolites and catabolites of dietary polyphenols.Crustaceans and molluscs, which have significant contents of phenolic amino acids, are notable exceptions.The polyphenol profile of foods of plant origin varies extensively with source and tissue within a source and total content from mg/kg to some 100 g/kg of dry mass.Processing of foods produces yet more polyphenols through various transformations.These transformations may be purely chemical in nature, as seen during coffee and cocoa roasting.Enzyme-driven oxidative changes may be desirable, as in black tea production, where many thousand thearubigins are produced, or undesirable, as in cut fruits and vegetables, i.e., through browning reaction.Matured wines, both red and white, contain polyphenol transformation products, arising both enzymatically and chemically during maceration and aging.In processed food, native and transformed polyphenols contribute critically to color, astringency, and odor.Scientists have investigated polyphenols since at least the start of the 19th century, and these compounds continue to be the subject of intense activity, with some 500 papers published in just the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (JAFC) between January 2016 and July 2017.Early studies on polyphenols focused on structure determination, and while structural characterization of the more complex polyphenols continues, since the end of the 20th century, there has been an increasing emphasis on biological activity, both in planta and after consumption by humans and domesticated animals.Studies on biological activity have been driven by epidemiological studies associating better health with the greater long-term consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as beverages, such as tea, coffee, and red wine.A serious limitation of this line of study is the difficulty of accommodating the variation of polyphenols in a dietary portion of such fruits and vegetables, because this variation might be 10-fold as a result of plant variety, agronomical, food processing, and storage conditions.Recent studies are making it increasingly clear that plants are extremely variable in their polyphenol content, which hinders the interpretation of epidemiologic correlations.Therefore, a better understanding of the causes and magnitude of such variation is essential if valid correlations between diet and health are to be achieved.Catabolites/metabolites excreted in urine have been sought as a possible means to circumvent this problem, but major individual differences clearly indicate a non-normal, probably bimodal distribution and significantly constrain this approach.Such variation seems most pronounced with the gut microbiota catabolism, as clearly illustrated by Guttierez-Diaz et al., but human genomic factors are also to be expected.Much has been learned through in vitro and animal studies about the mechanisms and extent of intestinal absorption of polyphenols.Clinical trials have defined the basic metabolic pathways for polyphenols and have provided some indication of the effect of different ways of inclusion of those polyphenols in the diet on their absorption and distribution in the body; however, more data are still required.Also needed are data for repeat consumption at short intervals, as in tea and coffee drinking, and on long-term consumption of vegetables and fruits as part of a normal diet.Intestinal absorption of plant polyphenols is low, sometimes below 0.1% of dose, and the majority of the dietary polyphenols pass to the large bowel, where they are transformed by the gut microbiota.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTGuidelines for Research on Bioactive Constituents – A Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry PerspectiveVeronika Somoza†, Russell J. Molyneux‡, Zhen-Yu Chen§, Francisco Tomás-Barberán#, and Thomas Hofmann*⊥View Author Information† Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria‡ Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, 34 Rainbow Drive, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States§ School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China# Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Murcia 30100, Spain⊥ Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany*(T.H.) Phone: +49-8161/71-2902. Fax: +49-8161/71-2949. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2015, 63, 37, 8103–8105Publication Date (Web):September 3, 2015Publication History Received3 September 2015Accepted3 September 2015Published online10 September 2015Published inissue 23 September 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04312https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04312review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1390Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antioxidants,Assays,Food,Metabolism,Molecules Get e-Alerts
This perspective is designed to summarize the standards that authors of manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry are expected to follow in establishing the structures of either new or unknown compounds identified in the course of a study. It is especially important that the molecular formulas of new compounds be determined by either high-resolution mass spectrometry or combustion analysis. All relevant physical, spectroscopic, and spectrometric data should also be reported, so that other research workers have criteria for comparison with compounds that may be isolated in the future. In the case of flavor and aroma constituents, it is not sufficient to depend upon mass spectrometric identifications based solely on comparison with commercial databases. Mass spectra and retention indices on GC stationary phases of different polarities must be determined and the results compared to data for reference compounds and with commercial standards, when available. If geometric or positional isomers may be present, or for chiral compounds, the retention indices of all isomers or enantiomers must be determined. Odor properties or odor thresholds determined by GC-olfactometry may also serve as appropriate tools for compound identification. Adherence to these standards will ensure that processing of manuscripts proceeds expeditiously and that the high standards of the Journal are maintained.
The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry recently introduced a new subject matter category titled "Bioactive Constituents" to cover investigations of the composition of natural compounds and their biological activity in crops and foods. It is recognized by the Editors that a number of other journals specialize in various aspects of the chemistry of natural products, but the intent of this classification is to emphasize and stimulate submission of manuscripts in such areas of agricultural and food chemistry that have so far been neglected or under-represented. Selected topics dealing with bioactive constituents are given as representative examples of the types of investigations that would be appropriate to the scope of the Journal.
Pest management techniques have evolved over the past 50 years. Inorganic chemical pesticides were replaced by synthetic organic chemicals, and now biopesticides constitute a significant part of pest management technology. Requirements for the regulatory approval of pesticides changed dramatically in 1996 with the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). The FQPA directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to make more rigorous and conservative evaluation of risks and hazards and mandates a special emphasis on the safety of infants and children. The EPA provides incentives for the industry to register materials that are designated "reduced risk". The future for the registrant industry will include continued reduction in numbers of registrants through mergers and acquisitions. Conventional chemicals will remain as important pest management components, and the processes of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput bioassays will allow the rapid synthesis and testing of large numbers of candidate compounds. Biopesticides will become more important tools in pest management, with microbial pesticides and transgenic crops being likely to play important crop protection roles. There will be a continuing need for research-based approaches to pest control.
The proper procedures for the measurement of amounts of compounds that may occur in a food or other matrices are presented in this perspective. Factors dealt with include sampling, use of standards, advantages and limitations of chromatographic and other techniques for quantitation, and proper presentation and reporting of data. Such factors must be considered at the initial stages of an investigation and incorporated completely into the overall experimental design. These standards are to be employed in determining quantities of such components, and their careful incorporation should result in more favorable evaluation of manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTTargeted Metabolomics: a New Section in the Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryJames N. Seiber†, Russell J. Molyneux§, and Peter Schieberle*#View Author Information† 4143 Meyer Hall, Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States§ Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States# Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany*(P.S.) Phone: +49 8161 712932. Fax: +49 8161 71 2970. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2014, 62, 1, 22–23Publication Date (Web):December 20, 2013Publication History Received15 October 2013Accepted9 December 2013Revised5 December 2013Published online20 December 2013Published inissue 8 January 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf4046254https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4046254review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2474Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Agriculture,Chemical structure,Food,Metabolism,Metabolomics Get e-Alerts
Dairying into the 21st century will largely continue with the trends seen in the past few decades, although there is always the possibility of an unlikely but disruptive event. The politics of globalization will potentially be important in freeing up global trade in dairy products. Production on the farm will become increasingly efficient, resulting in continuing price benefits to the consumer. At the same time, increasing attention will be paid by the consumer, producer, and manufacturer to safety and quality issues. Environmental concerns will increase in importance, and the issue of methane production may be important for the industry over the next two decades. It is unlikely that genetically modified milk will be introduced soon, even if public acceptance ceases to be an issue; however, the use of genetic markers for accelerated genetic improvement of cows will have rapidly increasing importance. Despite increasing pressure from nonmilk alternatives, milk and dairy will still be the best sources of nutrition for the young and for traditional dairy products. Consumer concerns will be of overriding importance for the industry, and the safety of dairy foods must become absolute. Recent advances in the chemical, physical, and information sciences and technologies will be utilized to gain greater understanding of the increasingly complex food systems and to support the consumer objectives.
The bioactive compounds in foods have been the topic of many papers over the past 20 years and are among those that have received a higher citation in agriculture and food science journals. With the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, a Symposium on Food Bioactives was held during the 2011 American Chemical Society meeting in Denver, CO. The symposium was organized as an overview of the state of the art in knowledge of food bioactives and the perspectives and trends for the 21st century.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTNew Features and Expanded Coverage for Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryJim SeiberCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2014, 62, 1, 1–3Publication Date (Web):January 8, 2014Publication History Published online8 January 2014Published inissue 8 January 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf405286vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jf405286veditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2155Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (4 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Crops,Food,Safety Get e-Alerts
The dramatic increase in consumption of ultra-processed food has been associated with numerous adverse health effects. Given the public health consequences linked to ultra-processed food consumption, it is highly relevant to build computational models to predict the processing of food products. We created a range of machine learning, deep learning, and NLP models to predict the extent of food processing by integrating the FNDDS dataset of food products and their nutrient profiles with their reported NOVA processing level. Starting with the full nutritional panel of 102 features, we further implemented coarse-graining of features to 65 and 13 nutrients by dropping flavonoids and then by considering the 13-nutrient panel of FDA, respectively. LGBM Classifier and Random Forest emerged as the best model for 102 and 65 nutrients, respectively, with an F1-score of 0.9411 and 0.9345 and MCC of 0.8691 and 0.8543. For the 13-nutrient panel, Gradient Boost achieved the best F1-score of 0.9284 and MCC of 0.8425. We also implemented NLP based models, which exhibited state-of-the-art performance. Besides distilling nutrients critical for model performance, we present a user-friendly web server
The last 2 decades have witnessed a sustained increase in the study of plant-emitted volatiles and their role in plant-insect, plant-microbe, and plant-plant interactions. While each of these binary systems involves complex chemical and biochemical processes between two organisms, the progression of increasing complexity of a ternary system (i.e., plant-insect-microbe), and the study of a ternary system requires nontrivial planning. This planning can include an experimental design that factors in potential overarching ecological interactions regarding the binary or ternary system, correctly identifying and understanding unexpected observations that may occur during the experiment and thorough interpretation of the resultant data. This challenge of planning, performing, and interpreting a plant's defensive response to multiple biotic stressors will be even greater when abiotic stressors (i.e., temperature or water) are factored into the system. To fully understand the system, we need to not only continue to investigate and understand the volatile profiles but also include and understand the biochemistry of the plant's response to these stressors. In this review, we provide examples and discuss interaction considerations with respect to how readers and future authors of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry can contribute their expertise toward the extraction and interpretation of chemical information exchanged between agricultural commodities and their associated pests. This holistic, multidisciplinary, and thoughtful approach to interactions of plants, insects, and microbes, and the resultant response of the plants can lead to a better understanding of agricultural ecology, in turn leading to practical and viable solutions to agricultural problems.
The increasing demands on modern plant and food production due to climate change, regulatory pressures, and the Sustainable Development Goals necessitate advanced photonic technologies for improved sustainability. Deep ultraviolet resonant Raman (DUVRR) spectroscopy offers precise spectral fingerprinting and potential disinfection capabilities, making it a promising tool for agricultural and food sciences. We developed a cost-effective, portable DUVRR spectroscopy system using a mercury (Hg) lamp as the excitation source at 253.65 \unit{ ano\meter}. The system was tested on diverse samples, including alcohol solvents, organic extracts, and industrial chemicals. The DUVRR system successfully resolved sub-1000 \unit{\per\centi\meter} Raman peaks, enabling detailed spectral fingerprints of various constituents and biomarkers. The system's high sensitivity and specificity ensure precise identification of nutritional values and food quality. The DUV light used in the system, defined here as less than 260 \unit{ ano\meter}, demonstrated potential disinfection properties, adding significant value for food safety applications. The highly sensitive detection capability of our DUVRR system a
China is the leading crop producer and has successfully implemented sustainable development programs related to agriculture. Sustainable agriculture has been promoted to achieve national food security targets such as food self-sufficiency through the well-facilitated farmland construction (WFFC) approach. The WFFC is introduced in Chinas current national 10-year plan to consolidate farmlands into large and simplified production areas to maximise automation, and improve soil fertility and productivity. However, research suggests that diversified and smaller farms faciliate ecosystem services, can improve yield resilience, defuse human health threats, and increase farm profitability. Currently, WFFC has not considered ecological farmland improvements and it may miss long-term environmental benefits including ecosystem service preservation conducive to yields. Moreover, the nutritional status in China has changed in recent decades with undernutrition being dramatically reduced, but the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and chronic diseases being increased. While a strategic choice and management of crop and livestock species can improve nutrition, the environmental and production ben
This paper explores new frontiers in agricultural natural language processing by investigating the effectiveness of using food-related text corpora for pretraining transformer-based language models. In particular, we focus on the task of semantic matching, which involves establishing mappings between food descriptions and nutrition data. To accomplish this, we fine-tune a pre-trained transformer-based language model, AgriBERT, on this task, utilizing an external source of knowledge, such as the FoodOn ontology. To advance the field of agricultural NLP, we propose two new avenues of exploration: (1) utilizing GPT-based models as a baseline and (2) leveraging ChatGPT as an external source of knowledge. ChatGPT has shown to be a strong baseline in many NLP tasks, and we believe it has the potential to improve our model in the task of semantic matching and enhance our model's understanding of food-related concepts and relationships. Additionally, we experiment with other applications, such as cuisine prediction based on food ingredients, and expand the scope of our research to include other NLP tasks beyond semantic matching. Overall, this paper provides promising avenues for future re
The financialization of agricultural commodities and its impact on food security has become an increasing concern. This study empirically investigates the role of financialization in global food markets and its policy implications for a stable and secure food system. Using panel data regression models, moderating effects models, and panel regression with a threshold variable, we analyze wheat, maize, and soybean futures traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. We incorporate data on annual trading volume, open interest contracts, and their ratio. The sample consists of five developed countries (United States, Australia, Canada, France, Germany) and seven developing countries (China, Russia, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Vietnam, Thailand), covering the period 2000 to 2021. The Human Development Index (HDI) serves as a threshold variable to differentiate the impact across countries. Our findings indicate that the financialization of agricultural commodities has negatively affected global food security, with wheat and soybean showing a greater adverse impact than maize. The effects are more pronounced in developing countries. Additionally, we find that monetary policy has the potential to m
Selected applications of novel techniques in Agricultural Biotechnology, Health Food formulations and Medical Biotechnology are being reviewed with the aim of unraveling future developments and policy changes that are likely to open new niches for Biotechnology and prevent the shrinking or closing the existing ones. Amongst the selected novel techniques with applications to both Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology are: immobilized bacterial cells and enzymes, microencapsulation and liposome production, genetic manipulation of microorganisms, development of novel vaccines from plants, epigenomics of mammalian cells and organisms, as well as biocomputational tools for molecular modeling related to disease and Bioinformatics. Both fundamental and applied aspects of the emerging new techniques are being discussed in relation to their anticipated impact on future biotechnology applications together with policy changes that are needed for continued success in both Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology. Several novel techniques are illustrated in an attempt to convey the most representative and powerful tools that are currently being developed for both immediate and long term applicat
This study analyzes the financial resilience of agricultural and food production companies in Spain amid the Ukraine-Russia war using cluster analysis based on financial ratios. This research utilizes centered log-ratios to transform financial ratios for compositional data analysis. The dataset comprises financial information from 1197 firms in Spain's agricultural and food sectors over the period 2021-2023. The analysis reveals distinct clusters of firms with varying financial performance, characterized by metrics of solvency and profitability. The results highlight an increase in resilient firms by 2023, underscoring sectoral adaptation to the conflict's economic challenges. These findings together provide insights for stakeholders and policymakers to improve sectorial stability and strategic planning.
Perhaps with the notable exception, and that only in recent years, of red meat, which contributes dietary saturated fats and cholesterol, two well-known reasons in the etiology of heart-related disorders, no single group of foods has been portrayed in such negative terms as the food legumes traditionally have been during the last 50 years of research in food science and human nutrition. Even more alarming are the trends of continued research on such aspects as the deficiency of sulfur-amino acids (both by amino acid analyses as well as rat feeding studies), and the heat lability/stability of proteinase inhibitors and phytohemagglutinins in various legume species. A survey of literature indicates that over 100 research papers were published during the 1981 to 1990 period alone, in just three journals (Journal of Food Science, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, and Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture) having the highest citation ratings in food sciences on these three topics, with a general consensus about the facts that were well established as early as the late 1950s. Considering the proliferation of journals publishing food science and human nutrition related work, especially in the Third World countries, the actual number probably would be much higher. This trend also indicates that we are repeating certain aspects of research on the importance of food legumes in human nutrition. Are we really any closer today in our understanding and appreciation of why the nomadic human made such a choice for their very existence during the transition to a more civilized society? This is a high time to project the image of legumes in human nutrition in proper perspective. The validity of our continued research on certain aspects of legumes in human nutrition, at a time when worldwide the research dollars are becoming increasingly harder to come by, is challenged in this review. Essentially, it is a journey through the author's personal diary that raises several questions in justifying the continued research support for at least some nutrition-related work on legumes and an account of what research areas perhaps need to be targeted in the 21st century.