搜索结果：Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)

The digitalization of railway systems should increase the efficiency of the train operation to achieve future mobility challenges and climate goals. But this digitalization also comes with several new challenges in providing a secure and reliable train operation. The work resulting in this paper tackles two major challenges. First, there is no single university curriculum combining computer science, railway operation, and certification processes. Second, many railway processes are still manual and without the usage of digital tools and result in static implementations and configurations of the railway infrastructure devices. This case study occurred as part of the Digital Rail Summer School 2021, a university course combining the three mentioned aspects as cooperation of several German universities with partners from the railway industry. It passes through all steps from a digital Control-Command and Signalling (CCS) planning in ProSig 7.3, the transfer, and validation of the planning in the PlanPro data format and toolbox, to the generation of code of an interlocking for the digital CCS planning to contribute to the vision of test automation. This paper contributes the experiences

We present a novel approach to quantum algorithms, by taking advantage of modular values, i.e., complex and unbounded quantities resulting from specific post-selected measurement scenarios. Our focus is on the problem of ascertaining whether a given function acting on a set of binary values is constant (uniformly yielding outputs of either all 0 or all 1), or balanced (a situation wherein half of the outputs are 0 and the other half are 1). Such problem can be solved by relying on the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. The proposed method, relying on the use of modular values, provides a high number of degrees of freedom for optimizing the new algorithm inspired from the Deutsch-Jozsa one. In particular, we explore meticulously the choices of the pre- and post-selected states. We eventually test the novel theoretical algorithm on a quantum computing platform. While the outcomes are currently not on par with the conventional approach, they nevertheless shed light on potential for future improvements, especially with less-optimized algorithms. We are thus confidend that the proposed proof of concept could prove its validity in bridging quantum algorithms and modular values research fields.

Deutsch's algorithm is the first quantum algorithm to show the advantage over the classical algorithm. Here we generalize Deutsch's problem to $n$ functions and propose a new quantum algorithm with indefinite causal order to solve this problem. The new algorithm not only reduces the number of queries to the black-box by half over the classical algorithm, but also significantly reduces the number of required quantum gates over the Deutsch's algorithm. We experimentally demonstrate the algorithm in a stable Sagnac loop interferometer with common path, which overcomes the obstacles of both phase instability and low fidelity of Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The experimental results have shown both an ultra-high and robust success probability $\sim 99.7\%$. Our work opens up a new path towards solving the practical problems with indefinite casual order quantum circuits.

Let $(Ω, μ)$, $(Δ, ν)$ be measure spaces and $\{τ_α\}_{α\in Ω}$, $\{ω_β\}_{β\in Δ}$ be 1-bounded continuous Parseval frames for a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. Then we show that \begin{align} (1) \quad \quad \quad \quad \log (μ(Ω)ν(Δ))\geq S_τ(h)+S_ω(h)\geq -2 \log \left(\frac{1+\displaystyle \sup_{α\in Ω, β\in Δ}|\langleτ_α, ω_β\rangle|}{2}\right) , \quad \forall h \in \mathcal{H}_τ\cap \mathcal{H}_ω, \end{align} where \begin{align*} &\mathcal{H}_τ:= \{h_1 \in \mathcal{H}: \langle h_1 , τ_α\rangle eq 0, α\in Ω\}, \quad \mathcal{H}_ω:= \{h_2 \in \mathcal{H}: \langle h_2, ω_β\rangle eq 0, β\in Δ\},\\ &S_τ(h):= -\displaystyle\int\limits_Ω\left|\left \langle \frac{h}{\|h\|}, τ_α\right\rangle \right|^2\log \left|\left \langle \frac{h}{\|h\|}, τ_α\right\rangle \right|^2\,dμ(α), \quad \forall h \in \mathcal{H}_τ, \\ & S_ω(h):= -\displaystyle\int\limits_Δ\left|\left \langle \frac{h}{\|h\|}, ω_β\right\rangle \right|^2\log \left|\left \langle \frac{h}{\|h\|}, ω_β\right\rangle \right|^2\,dν(β), \quad \forall h \in \mathcal{H}_ω. \end{align*} We call Inequality (1) as \textbf{Continuous Deutsch Uncertainty Principle}. Inequality (1) improves the uncertainty principle obtained by

Khosravi, Drnovšek and Moslehian [\textit{Filomat, 2012}] derived Buzano inequality for Hilbert C*-modules. Using this inequality we derive Deutsch entropic uncertainty principle for Hilbert C*-modules over commutative unital C*-algebras.

Measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), an alternate paradigm for formulating quantum algorithms, can lead to potentially more flexible and efficient implementations as well as to theoretical insights on the role of entanglement in a quantum algorithm. Using the graph-theoretical ZX-calculus, we describe and apply a general scheme for reformulating quantum circuits as MBQC implementations. After illustrating the method using the two-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm, we derive a ZX graph-diagram that encodes a general MBQC implementation for the three-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. This graph describes an 11-qubit cluster state on which single-qubit measurements are used to execute the algorithm. Particular sets of choices of the axes for the measurements can be used to implement any realization of the oracle. In addition, we derive an equivalent lattice cluster state for the algorithm.

Post-World War II , there was massive internal migration from rural to urban areas in Japan. The location of Sumo stables was concentrated in Tokyo. Hence, supply of Sumo wrestlers from rural areas to Tokyo was considered as migration. Using a panel dataset covering forty years, specifically 1946-1985, this study investigates how weather conditions and social networks influenced the labor supply of Sumo wrestlers. Major findings are; (1) inclemency of the weather in local areas increased supply of Sumo wrestlers in the period 1946-1965, (2) the effect of the bad weather conditions is greater in the locality where large number of Sumo wrestlers were supplied in the pre-war period, (3) neither the occurrence of bad weather conditions nor their interactions with sumo-wrestlers influenced the supply of Sumo wrestlers in the period 1966-1985. These findings imply that the negative shock of bad weather conditions on agriculture in the rural areas incentivized young individuals to be apprenticed in Sumo stables in Tokyo. Additionally, in such situations, the social networks within Sumo wrestler communities from the same locality are important. However, once the share of workers in agricul

Silver nanocatalysts have been found to switch where they perform their most important reactions depending on whether a solid oxide cell is making electricity or hydrogen。 The discovery could enable smarter catalyst designs that boost clean power generation while making green hydrogen more energy-efficient

Engineers have transformed a notoriously brittle cobalt-aluminum compound into a material that is both extremely strong and capable of bending without breaking。 Their nanoscale design produced a yield strength about six to 10 times greater than high-strength structural steel while sustaining substantial deformation at room temperature。 The approach

A mathematician working at Anthropic says he used the AI model Claude Fable 5 to uncover a remarkably simple counterexample to the Jacobian conjecture, a famous problem that has resisted mathematicians for more than a century。 The result shows that the conjecture is false in three dimensions and above, although the original two-dimensional version

Meta has been trailing competitors。 Zuckerberg thinks he's found a way forward

A supermassive black hole has been found lurking about 30,000 light-years from the center of its galaxy—the first dormant black hole detected so far from a galactic core。 It revealed itself only after shredding a passing star and producing a brief, brilliant flare。 Astronomers think it may be the remnant of a devoured galaxy or a black hole flung o

Depending on the model, you might have hundreds to choose from—or just one

Atomically thin semiconductors could enable dramatically smaller and more efficient chips, but a stubborn problem at the boundary between materials has limited their performance。 Researchers have now engineered that atomic interface to protect electron flow while still allowing extremely thin insulating layers。 The resulting transistors delivered a

Ultrafast X-rays revealed how a molecule converts absorbed light into motion in just trillionths of a second。 Individual atoms recorded different stages of the process, opening a powerful new window into light-driven chemistry

A person’s sleeping brain may reveal warning signs of dementia long before memory problems begin。 Researchers used machine learning to analyze EEG recordings from about 7,000 adults and found that an older-than-expected “brain age” was tied to a sharply higher dementia risk。 Every additional 10 years of brain aging raised that risk by nearly 40%

A new nanostructured carbon design lets fuel-cell catalysts use tiny amounts of platinum while remaining remarkably stable and efficient。 The breakthrough could help hydrogen fuel cells become a more practical way to power data centers, vehicles, and other energy-intensive technologies

NASA’s Curiosity rover has entered a Martian valley covered by an astonishing “sea” of tiny polygon-shaped fractures。 The honeycomb patterns, each only a few inches wide, stretch across the landscape and even wrap around a nearby 20-foot-tall butte

Scientists have identified LHAASO J1912+1014u as a cosmic accelerator that can push protons beyond one quadrillion electron volts。 The finding may help reveal where the Milky Way’s most energetic cosmic rays come from and how they influence the galaxy