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Watch fans spent a week falling in love with colorful Royal Oak wristwatches that didn’t exist—then the real thing arrived。 Now, fantasy is becoming a manufacturing opportunity
In February 2023, a meeting about correlates of protection (CoPs) against COVID-19 was organized by the International Alliance for Biological Standardization, the European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, and Vaccinopolis. The meeting aimed at reviewing the evidence, drawing conclusions, and identifying knowledge gaps. Collection of evidence is not straightforward. Neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection and are used for immunobridging studies within and between vaccine platforms for approval of new COVID-19 vaccines. In preparation for the next pandemic, it is vital that rapidly authorized initial vaccines are available to perform immunobridging studies very early. Additional components of the immune response likely contribute to protection against symptomatic infection. Current evidence is strongest for T lymphocytes and binding antibodies. Further studies are needed to consolidate this evidence and define their potential role in the evaluation of vaccines. For evaluation of mucosal vaccines, identifying CoPs against infection and transmission is key; further research is needed to identify and standardize methods suitable for clinical studies. CoPs for broadly protective beta-coronavirus vaccines remain a critical area of research. The knowledge, expertise, and capacity exist to conduct clinical studies using different designs in different populations to discover and validate CoPs, facilitating and accelerating evaluation of novel vaccines/vaccination platforms.
Early in the CoViD-19 pandemic, musical practices, especially singing and playing wind instruments, have been pointed out as having a high risk disease transmission due to aerosol production. However, characterization of these emission sources was not consolidated. This study focuses on the generation of aerosols and potential reduction in the context of playing wind instruments and singing. Aerosol concentration reduction means are evaluated using aerosol measurements in clean room and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Measurements at the bell of a clarinet and in front of singers are performed with or without a protection (bell cover for clarinet and surgical mask for singers). Numerical results on clarinet suggest that most of the supermicron ( ≥ 1 μ m ) particles are trapped on the walls of the instruments, which act as a filter, depending on toneholes configurations (closed or opened) changing the frequency of sound produced. Experimental results are consistent since almost only submicron particles contribute to the measured number concentration during playing clarinet. First of all, the high inter and intra-individuals variability is highlighted, with high coefficients of variation. This study highlights the impact of fingerings on the generated particles and the efficiency of protections such as bell cover (from 3 to 100 times), depending on the played note and players. Results for singers show that surgical masks significantly reduce the aerosol concentration (from 8 to 170 times) in front of the mouth. The evolution of aerosol concentration is also correlated with sound intensity.
A team at the University of Hong Kong has developed a new “super steel” that can survive the harsh conditions needed to make green hydrogen from seawater。 The material uses an unexpected double-protection mechanism that resists corrosion far better than conventional stainless steel。 Even more impressive, it could replace costly titanium parts used
The little pauses, “ums,” and moments when you struggle to find the right word may reveal far more about your brain than anyone realized。 Researchers discovered that everyday speech patterns are closely tied to executive function — the mental system that powers memory, planning, focus, and flexible thinking。 By using AI to analyze natural conversat
In a major breakthrough, scientists have experimentally confirmed a universal growth law in two dimensions using a quantum system of fleeting light–matter particles。 The finding strengthens the idea that wildly different processes—from crystals to living systems—may all follow the same hidden rules
A new study suggests AI chatbots may do more than spread misinformation — they can actively strengthen a user’s false beliefs。 Because conversational AI often validates and builds on what users say, it can make distorted memories, conspiracy theories, or delusions feel more believable and emotionally real。 Researchers warn that AI companions may be
A colossal valley near Mars’s equator is revealing dramatic clues about the Red Planet’s watery and volcanic past。 Stretching roughly 1,300 kilometers, Shalbatana Vallis was carved billions of years ago when enormous floods of groundwater burst onto the surface, gouging deep winding channels across the landscape。 Today, the region is a striking mix
NASA’s Roman Space Telescope could expose a vast hidden population of neutron stars lurking unseen across the Milky Way。 By detecting subtle shifts in starlight caused by gravity, the mission may identify and even weigh isolated neutron stars that are otherwise impossible to see。 Scientists hope the discoveries will reveal how these extreme objects
Hubble has revealed a giant planet-forming disk unlike anything astronomers have seen before。 Nicknamed “Dracula’s Chivito,” the enormous structure appears turbulent and oddly lopsided, with towering filaments visible on only one side。 The disk contains enough material to potentially create multiple giant planets, making it a fascinating new labora
Dante’s Inferno may have been far more than a religious epic。 New research argues that the 14th-century poet essentially imagined a catastrophic asteroid impact centuries before modern science understood meteors。 In this interpretation, Satan crashes into Earth like a giant cosmic object, blasting through the Southern Hemisphere and reshaping the p
A major obstacle may be standing in the way of the next generation of ultra-tiny computer chips。 Researchers discovered that many promising 2D materials lose their advantages because an invisible atomic-scale gap forms when they are combined with insulating layers。 That tiny gap weakens electronic performance and could prevent further miniaturizati