Recently Babar Collaboration reported a new $c\bar{s}$ state $D_{sJ}(2860)$ and Belle Collaboration observed $D_{sJ}(2715)$. We investigate the strong decays of the excited $c\bar{s}$ states using the $^{3}P_{0}$ model. After comparing the theoretical decay widths and decay patterns with the available experimental data, we tend to conclude: (1) $D_{sJ}(2715)$ is probably the $1^{-}(1^{3}D_{1})$ $c\bar{s}$ state although the $1^{-}(2^{3}S_{1})$ assignment is not completely excluded; (2) $D_{sJ}(2860)$ seems unlikely to be the $1^{-}(2^{3}S_{1})$ and $1^{-}(1^{3}D_{1})$ candidate; (3) $D_{sJ}(2860)$ as either a $0^{+}(2^{3}P_{0})$ or $3^{-}(1^{3}D_{3})$ $c\bar{s}$ state is consistent with the experimental data; (4) experimental search of $D_{sJ}(2860)$ in the channels $D_sη$, $DK^{*}$, $D^{*}K$ and $D_{s}^{*}η$ will be crucial to distinguish the above two possibilities.
The slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing L-valine and salicylic acid results in the fractional crystallization of salicylic acid and not any so called L-valinium salicylate as reported recently by Andal and Murugakoothan in the title paper.
We performed a precise calculation of physical quantities related to the axial structure of the nucleon using 2+1 flavor lattice QCD gauge configuration (PACS10 configuration) generated at the physical point with lattice volume larger than $(10\;{\mathrm{fm}})^4$ by the PACS Collaboration. The nucleon matrix element of the axial-vector current has two types of the nucleon form factors, the axial-vector ($F_A$) form factor and the induced pseudoscalar ($F_P$) form factor. Recently lattice QCD simulations have succeeded in reproducing the experimental value of the axial-vector coupling, $g_A$, determined from $F_A(q^2)$ at zero momentum transfer $q^2=0$, at a percent level of statistical accuracy. However, the $F_P$ form factor so far has not reproduced the experimental values well due to strong $πN$ excited-state contamination. Therefore, we proposed a simple subtraction method for removing the so-called leading $πN$-state contribution, and succeeded in reproducing the values obtained by two experiments of muon capture on the proton and pion electro-production for $F_P(q^2)$. The novel approach can also be applied to the nucleon pseudoscalar matrix element to determine the pseudosca
Optimizing maritime operations, particularly fuel consumption for vessels, is crucial, considering its significant share in global trade. As fuel consumption is closely related to the shaft power of a vessel, predicting shaft power accurately is a crucial problem that requires careful consideration to minimize costs and emissions. Traditional approaches, which incorporate empirical formulas, often struggle to model dynamic conditions, such as sea conditions or fouling on vessels. In this paper, we present a hybrid, physics-guided neural network-based approach that utilizes empirical formulas within the network to combine the advantages of both neural networks and traditional techniques. We evaluate the presented method using data obtained from four similar-sized cargo vessels and compare the results with those of a baseline neural network and a traditional approach that employs empirical formulas. The experimental results demonstrate that the physics-guided neural network approach achieves lower mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error for all tested vessels compared to both the empirical formula-based method and the base neural network.
Platinum, Silver-Platinum embedded Zirconia (Pt/Ag-Pt ZrO2) thin films have been fabricated on silicon wafers and glass substrates using the plasma co-sputtering method. Zirconia thin films are of significant technological importance due to their remarkable electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, as well as their high melting temperature of 2715°C, which makes them increasingly attractive for various applications. In this study, ZrO2 thin films were deposited for 3 minutes, followed by the deposition of Pt-Ag/Pt onto the fabricated zirconia thin films, with deposition times ranging from 15 to 60 seconds. The varying deposition times of Pt-Ag/Pt influenced the optical and electronic properties of the thin films due to alterations in their surface roughness. The characteristics of the grown zirconia and Pt/Ag-Pt sputtered zirconia nanostructures were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. The optical transmittance of these thin films was examined across the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. The investigation revealed various properties,
High school physics competitions serve as a platform for talented students to showcase their skills, engage in challenging problems, and foster a passion for science. This paper explores innovative approaches to enhance these competitions by harnessing the power of open science and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Particularly we delve into the capabilities of state-of-the-art AI chatbots, i.e. ChatGPT, Bard, Claude, related to problem solving in physics. Together with open science tools like SageMath and Jupyter AI, they have the potential to serve as intelligent, powerful co-pilots, tutors, and assistants in understanding and applying physics, as well as knowledge from connected STEM fields. Furthermore, these innovative approaches can revolutionize high school physics competitions, providing students and their tutors with powerful resources to excel in their scientific pursuits.
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of blended learning in contemporary physics and, more generally, STEM education. In this contribution, we summarize current pedagogical models of blended learning, such as rotational and flexible non-rotational models, and customizable configurations of physical and virtual learning spaces. With the inevitable integration of digital technology as one of the pillars of blended learning, teachers find themselves in an unprecedented position to not only obtain data more frequently but also analyze it and adjust instruction accordingly. Consequently, we discuss a crucial element of blended learning effectiveness: data management and usage. In this context, data literacy for teaching emerges as an essential skill for effective blended learning, encompassing the ability to transform various data types into actionable instructional knowledge and practices. In other words, current research in physics education shows that a data-literate science teacher is a more prosperous and effective teacher.
The multimode Brownian oscillator model is employed to simulate the emission spectra of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Good agreement is obtained between measured and simulated photoluminescence spectra of WSe2, WS2, MoSe2 and MoS2 at various temperatures. The Huang-Rhys factor extracted from the model can be associated with that from the modified semi-empirical Varshni equation at high temperatures. Individual mechanisms leading to the unique temperature-dependent emission spectra of those TMDs are validated by the MBO fitting, while it is in turn confirmed that the MBO analysis is an effective method for studying the optical properties of TMD monolayers. Parameters extractd from the MBO fitting can be used to explore exciton-photon-phonon dynamics of TMDs in a more comprehensive model.
In charmed $D$ and $D_s$ mesons sector, the matrix of a Hamiltonian in a quark potential model is computed in the $2^3S_1$ and $1^3D_1$ subspace. The masses of four mixed states of $2^3S_1$ and $1^3D_1$ denoted with $D^*_1(2635)$, $D^*_1(2739)$, $D^*_{s1}(2715)$ and $D^*_{s1}(2805)$ are obtained. It is an off-diagonal part of the spin-orbit tensor interaction that causes the mixing between the $2^3S_1$ and $1^3D_1$ states. The mixing angles between the $2^3S_1$ and $1^3D_1$ states are tiny. Under the mixing, a $^3P_0$ model is employed to compute the hadronic decay widths of all OZI-allowed decay channels of the four mixed states. The two light mixed states $D^*_1(2635)$ and $D^*_{s1}(2715)$ are close in mass to $D^*_J(2600)$ and $D^*_{s1}(2700)$, while the two heavy mixed states $D^*_1(2739)$ and $D^*_{s1}(2805)$ are lighter in mass than $D(2750)$ and $D^*_{s1}(2860)$. The mixing angles obtained from dynamical interaction are inconsistent with the mixing angles obtained from hadronic decay. Based on mass spectra and hadronic decay analyses, $D^*_J(2600)$, $D(2750)$, $D^*_{s1}(2700)$ and $D^*_{s1}(2860)$ are impossibly the mixed states of $2^3S_1$ and $1^3D_1$ at the small mixing a
Multi-wavelength observations of prominence eruptions provide an opportunity to uncover the physical mechanism of the triggering and the evolution process of the eruption. In this paper, we investigated an erupting prominence on October 14, 2012, recorded in Hα, EUV, and X-ray wavelengths. The process of the eruption gives evidences on the existence of a helical magnetic structure and showing the twist being converting to writhe. The estimated twist is ~6π (3 turns), exceeding the threshold of the kink instability. The rising plasma then reached a high speed, estimated at 228 km s-1, followed by a sudden rapid acceleration at 2715 m s-2, and synchronous with a solar are. Co-spatial cusp shaped structures were observed in both AIA 131Å and 94Å images, signifying the location of the magnetic reconnection. The erupted flux rope finally undergone a deceleration with a maximum value of 391 m s-2, which is even larger than the free-fall acceleration on the Sun (273 m s-2) , suggesting that the eruption finally failed, possibly due to an inward magnetic tension force.
We observed the impact of finite magnetic field on the in-medium mass and decay constant of isospin averaged vector $D^*(D^{*^+},D^{*^0})$ and axial-vector $D_1(D^+_1, D^0_1)$ mesons. The quark and gluon condensates of the nuclear medium at finite magnetic field, temperature, isospin asymmetry, and density have been obtained by the meson exchange scalar fields within the chiral SU(3) model. The medium attributes modify the scalar and vector density of nuclear medium and this variation reflects in the in-medium mass and decay constant of spin 1 $D$ mesons. We calculate these observables by comparing the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) and the phenomenological side in the QCD Sum Rules. In the results, we observed a positive mass shift for charged vector and axial-vector $D$ mesons with respect to magnetic field. For neutral vector (axial-vector) $D$ mesons we observed negative (positive) mass shift as a function of magnetic field. In the application part, we calculate the in-medium partial decay width of the process $D^*_s$(2715/2860) $\rightarrow$ $D^* K$ by using $^3P_0$ model. The in-medium effects are incorporated through the in-medium masses of $D^*$ and $K$ mesons.
We calculate the shift in masses and decay constants of $D_s(1968)$ and $B_s(5370)$ mesons in hot and dense asymmetric strange hadronic matter using QCD sum rules and chiral SU(3) model. In-medium strange quark condensates $\left\langle \bar{s}s\right\rangle_{ρ_B}$, and gluon condensates $\left\langle \frac{α_{s}}π {G^a}_{μν} {G^a}^{μν} \right\rangle_{ρ_B}$ to be used in the QCD sum rules for pseudoscalar $D_s$ and $B_s$ mesons are calculated using chiral SU(3) model. As an application of our present work, we calculate the in-medium decay widths of the excited (c$\bar{s}$) states $D_s^*(2715)$ and $D_s^*(2860)$ decaying to ($D_s(1968)$,$η$) mesons. The medium effects in their decay widths are incorporated through the mass modification of the $D_s(1968)$ and $η$ mesons. Results of the present investigation may be helpful to understand the possible outcomes of the future experiments like CBM and PANDA under the FAIR facility.
We have selected seven medium-distant clusters of galaxies (z ~ 0.1 - 0.3) for multi-wavelength observations with the goal of investigating their dynamical state. Following Paper I (Pierre et al. 1999) which reported the ASCA results about two of them, we present here the analysis of the ASCA observations of the other five clusters; RXJ1023.8-2715 (A3444), RXJ1031.6-2607, RXJ1050.5-0236 (A1111), RXJ1203.2-2131(A1451), and RXJ1314.5-2517. Except for RXJ1031.6, whose X-ray emission turned out to be dominated by an AGN, the ASCA spectra are well fitted by a one-temperature thin thermal plasma model. We compare the temperature-luminosity relation of our clusters with that of nearby ones (z<0.1). Two clusters, RXJ1050.5 and RXJ1023.8, show larger luminosities than the bulk of clusters at similar temperatures, which suggests the presence of a cooling flow. The temperature vs. iron-abundance relationship of our sample is consistent with that of nearby clusters.
Recent discovery of D_s states suggests existence of radial excitations. Our semirelativistic quark potential model succeeds in reproducing these staes within one to two percent of accuracy compared with the experiments, D_s0(2860) and D_s^*(2715), which are identified as 0^+ and 1^- radial excitations (n=2). We also present calculations of radial excitations for B/B_s heavy mesons. Relation between our formulation and the modified Goldberger-Treiman relation is also described.
Crypto Clipper spreads over USB and communicates over Tor
Researchers developed a Wordle-solving strategy that succeeds 99% of the time by focusing on information gain rather than likely answers。 The method uses Shannon entropy to identify guesses that reveal the most about the hidden word。 Each guess is designed to slash uncertainty and narrow the possibilities faster
Researchers discovered that hydrogen radicals generated by intense UV light can break down stubborn PFAS “forever chemicals” without added chemicals。 The breakthrough reveals a key mechanism that could lead to greener and more effective technologies for permanently destroying these pollutants
Scientists found that transfer learning can make the search for new physics in the universe much faster, slashing the need for expensive simulations。 Yet the approach can backfire when AI relies too heavily on familiar patterns, potentially missing evidence of something truly new