Nine impact craters on Mercury bear the names of Persian-Tajik poets: Rudaki, Saadi, Nizami, Rumi, Navoi, Firdousi, Hafiz, Sanai, and Mahsati. We compile IAU-approved coordinates, diameters, quadrant designations, approval dates (1976--2025), and MESSENGER-derived geological characteristics for each crater, and place these data in the broader context of Solar System objects associated with Tajik-Persian civilisation, including lunar craters (Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Omar Khayyam, Abul Wafa, Nasireddin, Alfraganus, Azophi, Al-Khwarizmi), main-belt asteroids, and Enceladus surface features named from the One Thousand and One Nights. The approval timeline mirrors the successive stages of Mercury mapping: two craters were designated after Mariner 10 (1976), three more following Mariner 10 data analysis (1979, 1985), two after the first MESSENGER flybys (2008, 2010), two after MESSENGER orbital operations (2014), and one in 2025. Geological diversity is notable: the Sanai basin (490 km, ~3.8--3.9 Ga) is among the oldest large structures on Mercury; Firdousi shows lava-flooded floor morphology; Rumi hosts an explosive pyroclastic vent intersected by Palmer Rupes; Hafiz contains low-reflectan
Foreign currency exchange plays a vital role for trading of currency in the financial market. Due to its volatile nature, prediction of foreign currency exchange is a challenging task. This paper presents different machine learning techniques like Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to develop prediction model between Nepalese Rupees against three major currencies Euro, Pound Sterling and US dollar. Recurrent Neural Network is a type of neural network that have feedback connections. In this paper, prediction model were based on different RNN architectures, feed forward ANN with back propagation algorithm and then compared the accuracy of each model. Different ANN architecture models like Feed forward neural network, Simple Recurrent Neural Network (SRNN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) were used. Input parameters were open, low, high and closing prices for each currency. From this study, we have found that LSTM networks provided better results than SRNN and GRU networks.
The multifractal spectra of daily foreign exchange rates for US dollar (USD), the British Pound (GBP), the Euro (Euro) and the Japanese Yen (Yen) with respect to the Indian Rupee are analysed for the period 6th January 1999 to 24th July 2018. We observe that the time series of logarithmic returns of all the four exchange rates exhibit features of multifractality. Next, we research the source of the observed multifractality. For this, we transform the return series in two ways: a) We randomly shuffle the original time series of logarithmic returns and b) We apply the process of phase randomisation on the unchanged series. Our results indicate in the case of the US dollar the source of multifractality is mainly the fat tail. For the British Pound and the Euro, we see the long-range correlations between the observations and the thick tails of the probability distribution give rise to the observed multifractal features, while in the case of the Japanese Yen, the origin of the multifractal nature of the return series is mostly due to the broad tail.
This study examines the impact of the foreign exchange rate, i.e., US Dollar to Indian Rupee (USD/INR) on the Indian Stock Market Index (Nifty 50) during the demonetization of high denomination Indian currencies. A daily rate of return of Foreign exchange rate (USD/INR) and the Indian Stock Market Index (Nifty 50) were considered for the study. The Dummy variable was used to measure the effect of demonetization during Nov/Dec 2016. The period of study was restricted to 243 days from 1st April 2016 to 31st March 2017. The study reveals that there was an upward trend observed in the Indian Stock Market and the Indian currency was strengthened with the decrease in the Foreign exchange rate (USD/INR).
What if time doesn't actually exist until something changes。 Scientists at the University of Birmingham created a tiny "mini universe" using 24,000 ultracold atoms and showed that the flow of time can emerge naturally from changes inside a quantum system, without relying on any external clock
NASA is marking the United States' 250th birthday with four striking red, white, and blue images of deep space from the Chandra X-ray Observatory。 The collection features an exploded star, a stellar nursery, a galaxy where stars are rapidly forming, and a galaxy cluster that provides evidence for dark matter
A distant Sun-like star appears to have devoured one of its planets, leaving behind a surprising chemical fingerprint。 Researchers found an unusually high concentration of lithium, a strong sign that planetary material was mixed into the star。 Careful comparisons with dozens of similar stars confirmed the signal is highly unusual, and scientists th
NASA's PACE satellite captured the Black Sea glowing turquoise during its annual phytoplankton bloom。 The vivid color comes from massive numbers of coccolithophores, microscopic organisms whose reflective shells brighten the water enough to be seen from space。 An astronaut aboard the International Space Station also photographed the bloom spreading
A new quantum theory bridges two rival models of how impurities behave inside many-particle systems, resolving a problem that has challenged physicists for decades。 The findings could reshape experiments on ultracold atoms, semiconductors, and other exotic forms of quantum matter
Celebrating the United States' 250th anniversary, NASA released a stunning Hubble portrait of Messier 3, an ancient globular cluster with more than 500,000 stars。 The remarkable cluster is helping scientists unravel the Milky Way's past thanks to its rare stars and possible origins in a long ago cosmic merger
"Missiles are being launched at the joint force every single day in [Operation] Epic Fury
NASA has chosen 41 commercial technology projects that could solve critical challenges for future missions to the Moon and Mars。 From powering lunar outposts to protecting spacecraft from Moon dust, the innovations are designed to push both space exploration and the commercial space economy forward
Scientists have created a silicon chip that can write dozens of DNA sequences simultaneously using electricity and water-based enzymes, offering a cleaner alternative to conventional DNA manufacturing。 The breakthrough could eventually support portable DNA-writing devices and even massive DNA data storage, although new chemistry will be needed to s
Researchers have achieved a major milestone by creating a long-sought two-dimensional quantum material and confirming its unusual conducting edge states。 The ability to control these states through strain could make the material a promising platform for future room-temperature quantum electronics
Ultra-fine bubbles may offer a cleaner way to perfect inkjet printing for next-generation electronics。 By simply changing the number of bubbles in each droplet, researchers were able to dramatically reshape the final printed pattern without leaving behind unwanted chemical residues