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"Shield laws" declare that, for purposes of reproductive health care, the law of the jurisdiction in which the clinician practices governs when state laws conflict. In 2024, approximately 100,000 pregnant people living in states that criminalize abortion provision received pills for a medication abortion from a clinician living in one of the eight states with these laws. One of these clinicians is New York's Margaret Carpenter, who was criminally charged in Louisiana and fined and enjoined in Texas. Carpenter's case testing shield laws, which is likely to go to the U.S. Supreme Court, should be framed as a "right to travel case" because telemedicine should be understood as a modern version of travel. If the Supreme Court ultimately accepts Louisiana and Texas's likely argument that it's a narrow "state regulation of medicine" case, the Court will be limiting the constitutional right to travel to people who have the money and time to physically travel for medical care, and withholding it from people who need the same care but who can afford to access it only through virtual travel.

Concurrent precision architecture of morphology and nanostructure in mesoporous microspheres is pivotal for high performance separations. Herein, we develop a template-in-template assembly nanostructuring (TiTAN) strategy to precisely synthesize monodisperse microspheres with ordered mesoporous nanostructure. Microfluidic droplet templating ensures uniform particle morphology (CV = 3%), while structure-directing agents within droplets enable tailored pore configurations, including 2D hexagonal, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and cubic double gyroidal mesostructures. Through regulating hydrothermal conditions, structural parameters can be fined-tuned with 2 Å spatial resolution. By extending this manufacturing capability to a variety of material chemistries, chromatographic materials can now be de novo architectured with rationales, with the performance demonstrated by the solution of a classical separation challenge: resolving critical pairs (whose selectivity, α, infinitely approaching to 1), and with the shortest possible time. Beyond separation medium, the TiTAN strategy also suggests a route towards general synthesis of porous material with precision macroscopic morphology and microscopic nanostructure.

Since its implementation in 2006, the New York State Clinical Laboratory Practice Act has licensed 30,287 professionals. As of 2024, 56 disciplinary actions (0.18%) have been recorded, mostly due to criminal convictions (64.3%), particularly DWI, followed by fraudulent applications (23.2%) and workplace violations (12.5%). Males comprised 57% of the disciplined population, 66.7% of those fined, and 78.6% of the total fines paid. Most significant disciplinary outcome included 22 individuals (39.2%) that lost their licenses through annulment (n=13), revocation (n=2), surrender (n=5), and actual suspension (n=2). Laboratory disciplinary outcomes include 3 license surrenders and 1 actual suspension of at least two years (57.1% of workplace actions). Among cases triggered by criminal conviction, 2 licenses were surrendered and 2 revoked (11.1%). The data indicate rare but patterned misconduct, with notable gender disparities in penalties and license terminations.

The renewed interest in rammed earth (RE) as a sustainable construction material requires addressing its inherent limitations related to moisture sensitivity, low tensile capacity, and variability in mechanical performance. This study investigates a stepwise stabilization strategy combining pine fibers (PF) as discrete reinforcement, limestone dust powder (LSP) as a mineral filler, and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) as a low-carbon binder to improve mechanical performance, short-term moisture resistance, and microstructural characteristics of RE composites. This approach also supports sustainability by valorizing forest-derived pine biomass associated with wildfire fuel loads and quarry fines, while reducing clinker content through LC3 incorporation. Rammed earth blocks were produced with 1% PF and 10–25% LSP, followed by the introduction of a fixed 10% LC3 dosage into the optimized PF-LSP composition. Performance was evaluated through compaction characteristics, dry and wet compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and 24 h water absorption. Microstructural evolution was examined using FESEM-EDS, XRD, and TGA. Among the tested formulations, SREPF1LS20LC10 exhibited the best overall performance, achieving a dry compressive strength of 5.47 MPa, flexural strength of 1.47 MPa, UPV of 2858 m/s, water absorption of 10.96%, and a wet-to-dry strength ratio of 0.51. Microstructural analyses provided evidence consistent with matrix densification, pore refinement, and the presence of poorly crystalline hydration products and secondary carbonate phases, while fiber-matrix interaction remained predominantly mechanical. Within the investigated design space, the proposed system demonstrates a technically viable and low-carbon pathway for enhancing rammed earth performance, with durability claims limited to short-term moisture resistance indicators.

Obesity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and kidney disease presents unique challenges, particularly after transplantation, where weight gain can compromise graft function and metabolic control. Bariatric surgery has emerged as a therapeutic option in transplant recipients with obesity, though its role in T1DM remains less explored. We report the case of a 45-year-old man with longstanding T1DM complicated by hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and end-stage renal disease, who underwent a deceased-donor kidney transplant at age 40. Post-transplant, he developed type III obesity (BMI 44.5 kg/m2), poor glycemic control (HbA1c 9.8 %), and severe hepatic steatosis despite intensive medical therapy. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed without intraoperative complications (operative time 70 minutes, specimen weight 100 g, minimal blood loss). The postoperative course was notable only for a transient ileus requiring two days of hospitalization. At follow-up, the patient demonstrated significant weight loss, resolution of albuminuria, improved glycemic stability with marked reduction in insulin requirements, and improvement of hepatic steatosis. Importantly, immunosuppressant drug levels consistently remained within therapeutic range throughout follow-up. This case highlights the safety and efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy in a kidney transplant recipient with longstanding T1DM, resulting in significant metabolic, renal, and hepatic improvements without compromising graft function or immunosuppressive therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of sleeve gastrectomy in a patient with T1DM following kidney transplantation, underscoring its feasibility and the need for further research in this complex population.

Loss of transportation access is likely to compromise individuals' ability to get to work. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, we triangulate across complementary methodologies to examine the far-reaching impact of driver's license suspension for nonpayment of court-ordered legal fees. Reflexive thematic analysis of preliminary qualitative interview data (N = 21) yielded themes related to compromised social mobility and well-being, with subthemes indicative of job/income loss and un(der)employment resulting from unpaid fines and license suspension, inability to afford additional fees, subsequent transportation challenges, resource acquisition beyond the formal workforce, and a desire for betterment. We build on this qualitative richness via a two-study approach. In Study 1, we draw on quantitative survey data (N = 879), evidencing a positive association between license suspension and unemployment, and indicating that this relationship is mediated by compromised access to transportation. License suspension was also positively associated with turning toward the informal shadow economy for employment, with some individuals reporting turning to sex work and crime to make ends meet. Data bore out a number of employment- and well-being-related consequences of nonpayment policies, and suggested that effects may function differentially by race, with Black individuals experiencing disproportionately negative effects. In Study 2, archival data indicated that enforcement of license suspensions is likely to result in a net loss to state revenue, incentivizing policy revision. Collectively, our data suggest that fine and fee imposition, and associated driver's license suspension, are likely to have a number of negative effects for individuals, employers, and society alike. We offer policy and practice implications related to reevaluating license suspension for nonpayment of court-ordered legal financial obligations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

This work investigates the reactive crystallization of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) by rapidly mixing concentrated aqueous solutions of LiCl (3.0-4.0 M) and Na2CO3 (1.5-2.0 M) at 65 °C, using focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) for online, in situ monitoring. The effect of low concentrations of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on nucleation and growth dynamics was systematically analyzed. The results show that the process is dominated by an intense initial supersaturation pulse, which governs early nucleation and subsequent population restructuring through growth and aggregation. Additives significantly modify the nucleation-growth coupling: PAA exhibits concentration- and time-dependent behavior, suppressing the detectable fines population and promoting consolidation into coarse fractions under high supersaturation; SHMP acts as a strong kinetic inhibitor, markedly reducing nucleation and, to a greater extent, growth; while STPP exhibits an intermediate, dose-dependent response, maintaining nucleation but limiting effective growth at high concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy observations confirm the formation of spherulitic Li2CO3 aggregates in all cases, with compactness and radial organization dependent on the additive. These results demonstrate that targeted additive selection allows for precise control of population dynamics and solid properties in reactive crystallization systems, within the investigated high-supersaturation concentration window, with useful mechanistic guidance for the design and control of Li2CO3 precipitation processes.

Despite significant progress in road safety in developed countries, it remains a persistent and critical challenge in the developing world. This study investigates the long- and short-term relationships between socio-economic conditions and road safety performance in affluent developing countries, using the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as a case study. Employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration error-corrected model with data from 1980 to 2024 (sourced from the UAE Federal Government, the World Bank, and UN World Population Prospects), the analysis examines the link between the road crash severity index (fatalities to total injuries) and core socio-economic variables-GDP per capita, unemployment rate, and population density-while controlling for traffic law enforcement via fines. The findings confirm a long-term equilibrium, with an error correction term indicating road safety adjusts to socio-economic shocks at a rapid annual rate of 60%. Granger-causality tests further establish that these socio-economic factors significantly influence road safety outcomes, a concern underscored by an identified upward trend in crash severity. We conclude that socio-economic conditions are a fundamental determinant of road safety, highlighting the necessity for policy interventions that move beyond traditional engineering solutions. Consequently, road safety must be reframed not solely as a transportation concern but as an integral objective of public health and socioeconomic policy, which requires a collaborative, multi-sectoral approach to forge a resilient, safe system.

Deep clustering, which extends deep models to the clustering task, has attracted many attentions due to the high clustering performance. However, conventional deep clustering method assume that sample in different class are slightly different. Real application is complicated where observations are achieved from highly similar samples. In this paper, we study this fine-grained clustering task, while traditional coarse-grained clustering has difficulty capturing subtle semantic differences, which often leads to unclear decision boundaries between clusters of similar features. Our goal is to learn feature representations that encourage fine-grained data to form clear cluster boundaries in the embedding space. In this paper, we investigate the fine-grained clustering task and propose a novel model reuse framework. This framework outperforms existing fine-grained clustering methods by enhancing clustering consistency and robustness. For consistency, it employs low-rank optimization, which enforces stable and high-confidence predictions across augmented views of the same sample. For robustness, it leverages sparsification guided by reused models; this facilitates better handling of intra-class variances and inter-class similarities without converging to trivial solutions. We unify our model in a low rank optimization model. Specially, our model is guided by high-confidence groups through a reused model to perform sparsification of augmented matrices of different perturbations of the same sample to achieve low rank, thereby producing consistent and high-confidence clustering results. And we theoretically prove that low rank of sample augmented matrices can be achieved under our sparsification conditions, thus providing a powerful fine-grained unsupervised alternative. Our method achieves state-of-the-art clustering performance on three fine-grained image datasets.

Tight oil reservoirs are widely recognized as a critical successor in global unconventional energy development and are generally characterized by distinct geological features, including fine pore throats, pronounced heterogeneity, and a high concentration of clay minerals (e.g., montmorillonite and mixed-layer illite/smectite). Severe hydration, swelling, and fines migration are readily induced during water injection or conventional water-based fluid operations, thereby resulting in irreversible impairment of reservoir permeability. Despite the excellent injectivity and capacity for viscosity reduction associated with CO2 flooding, sweep efficiency is severely compromised by viscous fingering and gas channeling, which are induced by the inherent low viscosity of the gas. While CO2 foam technology is widely acknowledged as a pivotal solution for addressing mobility control challenges, its implementation is hindered by a primary technical bottleneck: the incompatibility between traditional water-based foam systems and strongly water-sensitive reservoirs. A dual challenge comprising water injectivity constraints and gas channeling is presented by strongly water-sensitive tight oil reservoirs. To address these impediments, three emerging low-damage CO2 foam systems are critically evaluated in this review. First, the synergistic mechanisms of novel quaternary ammonium salts and polymers in inhibiting clay hydration and enhancing foam stability within modified water-based systems are elucidated. Next, the physical isolation strategy of substituting the water phase with a non-aqueous phase (oil/organic solvent) in organic emulsion systems is analyzed, highlighting advantages in wettability alteration and the mitigation of water blocking. Finally, the prospect of waterless operations using CO2-soluble foam systems-wherein supercritical CO2 is utilized as a surfactant carrier to generate foam or viscosify fluids via in situ formation water-is discussed. It is revealed by comparative analysis that: (1) Modified water-based systems are identified as the most economically viable option for reservoirs with moderate water sensitivity, wherein cationic stabilizers are utilized to inhibit hydration; (2) Superior wettability alteration and the elimination of aqueous phase damage are provided by organic emulsion systems, rendering them ideal for ultra-sensitive, high-value reservoirs, despite higher solvent costs; (3) CO2-soluble systems are recognized as the future direction for "waterless" flooding, specifically tailored for ultra-tight formations (<0.1 mD) where injectivity is critical. Current challenges, such as surfactant solubility, high-temperature stability, and cost control, are identified through a comparative analysis of these three systems with respect to structure-activity relationships, rheological properties, damage control capabilities, and economic feasibility. What is more, an outlook is provided on the molecular design of future environmentally sustainable, cost-effective CO2-philic materials and smart injection strategies. Consequently, theoretical foundations and technical support are established for the efficient exploitation of strongly water-sensitive tight oil reservoirs. By bridging the gap between reservoir damage control and mobility enhancement, this study identifies viable strategies for enhanced oil recovery. Crucially, it supports carbon neutrality and sustainable energy targets via CCUS integration.

In many public settings, legal notices communicate fines for minor violations, often using different phrasings such as "up to," "maximum," "or below," or "range." This research examines whether these wording differences influence perceived severity and deterrence intentions. We hypothesized that up-to and maximum frames would elicit higher perceived severity than or-below and range frames, with the range frame yielding the lowest severity perceptions. We further anticipated that these effects would be mitigated for more serious offenses. Three preregistered between-subjects experiments (Study 1: N = 401; Study 2: N = 400; Study 3: N = 400; all U.K. adults) presented participants with public notice scenarios. Participants read a notice about a minor offense (littering) in Studies 1 and 2 and a more serious offense (vandalism) in Study 3. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four framing conditions and reported perceived severity, penalty estimates, and deterrence intentions. For the minor offense (Studies 1 and 2), up-to and maximum frames resulted in the highest perceived severity, followed by the or-below frame, with the range frame yielding the lowest. The range frame also resulted in significantly lower penalty estimates and weaker deterrence intentions. However, when the same framing manipulation was applied to a more serious offense (Study 3), these effects disappeared: framing did not significantly influence perceived severity, penalty expectations, or deterrence intentions. Fine-framing matters primarily when the offense is minor and the consequences are relatively ambiguous. As offenses become more serious, perceptions appear to be anchored by the inherent gravity of the violation, reducing sensitivity to wording differences. This research identifies a boundary condition for linguistic framing effects in legal communication and suggests that strategically chosen fine frames may serve as an effective, low-cost tool to promote compliance in everyday public behavior contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

The aim was to analyze the prevalence of driving in traffic preceded by alcohol abuse, and associated factors, in Brazil in the period between 2007 to 2022. A panel study was carried out based on data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). Pearson's Chi-square test and a Poisson Regression model with robust adjustment for variance were performed. The prevalence of alcohol abuse and driving in the period between 2007 and 2022 was 1.21% (95%CI 1.15 to 1.26). There was an apparent reduction in the prevalence from 2.0% in 2007 to 0.6% in 2022. The risk groups were: male, 40 years old or older, yellow, individuals in a stable union, separated or divorced, higher education, living alone, and residing in the North, Northeast, or Midwest regions. The occurrence of cell phone use and fines for speeding were associated with the outcome. This study showed a reduction in the prevalence of alcohol abuse and driving in the last 15 years. Despite this, it was found that these individuals present more dangerous behavior, such as driving using a cell phone or at high speeds.

Modern rare metal production technologies involve the liquid extraction of target components using organic compounds. This inevitably leads to environmental contamination and often increases the costs of obtaining the final product at the required purity. The purpose of this study was to design a sustainable adsorbent for the selective removal of organic impurities and rhenium from realistic production solutions. To prepare this adsorbent, waste from special coke production (special coke fines (FSC) without any additional processing) and rice husk pyrolysed at 450&#xa0;&#xb0;C for 30&#xa0;min were used. The pyrolysed rice husk was subsequently activated with water vapour and then treated with an alkaline solution. The raw materials were studied using chemical analysis, elemental analysis, and SEM. The adsorption properties of adsorbents with respect to organic impurities and rhenium were studied in batch and column modes. Fresh and spent adsorbents were investigated using SEM, EDS, WDS, and IR spectroscopy. GC&#x2012;MS analysis was used to determine the composition of the organic impurities in the solutions before and after the sorption process. FSC selectively removed organic impurities, with the degree of rhenium extraction remaining below 1%. The full dynamic exchange capacity (FDEC) for organic impurities was 22.5&#xa0;mg g&#x207b;&#xb9;. The rice husk&#x2013;based adsorbent was characterised by high adsorption activity for rhenium ions: a static exchange capacity (SEC) of 9&#xa0;mg g&#x207b;&#xb9;, an extraction degree of 90%, and a distribution coefficient of 1005&#xa0;cm&#xb3; g&#x207b;&#xb9;. The adsorption of Re on the rice husk&#x2013;based adsorbent proceeded favourably and was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.998) and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.998). Column mode was used to establish a solution containing 640&#xa0;mg dm&#x207b;&#xb3; Re and 764&#xa0;mg dm&#x207b;&#xb3; organic impurities such that the full dynamic exchange capacity of the rice husk&#x2013;based adsorbent for rhenium was 120&#xa0;mg g&#x207b;&#xb9; following the purification of organic impurities with FSC. According to the results of IR spectroscopy, rhenium is adsorbed in the form of Re&#x2014;O. Overall, adsorbents obtained from agricultural and industrial waste hold promise as sustainable and cost-effective materials for rhenium recovery from solutions containing organic impurities. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-38148-9.

Surface acylation of softwood thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fines (<76&#xa0;&#x3bc;m) using succinic anhydride (SA) and imidazole effectively introduced carboxyl groups to both lignin and carbohydrate components, increasing the total carboxyl content to 0.6&#xa0;mmol/g and up to 1.2&#xa0;mmol/g in lignin. This chemical modification facilitated fibrillation during high-pressure homogenization, producing a fine fraction with uniform microscale morphology and cellulose nanofibrils containing 12&#xa0;wt% lignin (LCNF). Films produced from these SA-modified fines exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, including a tensile strength exceeding 31&#xa0;MPa and a Young's modulus over 3.9&#xa0;GPa. When incorporated into micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (M/NFC) matrices at 30-40&#xa0;% loadings, the modified fines significantly improved the mechanical performance of M/NFC-derived films, nearly doubling tensile strength (from 36&#xa0;MPa to over 65&#xa0;MPa) and modulus (from 1.8 to &#x223c;3.6&#xa0;GPa), while concurrently enhancing UV-blocking performance without compromising water vapor transmission. Additionally, incorporation of SA-modified fines in M/NFC-based cryogels (from 1&#xa0;wt% suspensions) increased compressive strength (from 19 to 29&#xa0;kPa) and modulus (from 0.18 to 0.35&#xa0;kPa), demonstrating their value as reinforcing agents in lightweight, bio-based materials. Importantly, the inclusion of these fines preserved the ultralow density and exceptionally low thermal conductivity (0.0307&#xa0;W/m&#xb7;K) of the cryogels, underscoring their potential in thermal insulation applications.

Civil money penalties (CMPs) are an important tool for holding nursing homes accountable for regulatory noncompliance. These fines can range from a few thousand to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Meanwhile, many nursing homes operate under financial strain, which has been linked to compromised quality of care. This study assesses the impact of CMPs on 2 indicators of financial performance: net income margin and short-term debt. These indicators were regressed on penalty size using a 2-way fixed effects model, encompassing 87,249 facility-year observations from U.S. nursing homes from 2012 to 2019. The dollar amount of penalties was expressed in equivalent days of operating expenses to account for variation in facility sizes, and the analysis controlled for the nursing home characteristics and market conditions. A negative relationship was found between the size of penalties and net income margin. Penalties equivalent to less than 1 day of expenses were associated with a 0.86 percentage-point decrease in net-income margin; 1-day penalties with a 1.48-point decline; 2-day penalties with a 2.49-point reduction; and those equivalent to 3+ days corresponded to a 3.56-point decline. Effects on short-term debt were minimal, with only modest increases seen. These findings raise a concern for regulators that CMPs, if not carefully calibrated, have the potential to cross the boundary from deterring violations to jeopardizing the financial stability of nursing homes. If a facility struggles to absorb the cost, a CMP could inadvertently affect the care provided to residents.

Continuous manufacturing technologies such as twin-screw wet granulation (TSWG) offer advantages over batch processing but face challenges when producing low-dose formulations. This study evaluated the impact of API/binder addition methods and granulator settings on critical granule quality attributes. Two low-dose model formulations were investigated, containing either a highly water-soluble (metformin.HCl) or a practically water-insoluble (celecoxib) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). A full factorial screening design was conducted by varying the liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio, screw speed, screw design, and API/binder addition method. L/S ratio and screw speed exhibited the strongest effect on granule size, with higher settings reducing fines and narrowing the size distribution. Across all evaluated conditions, an inhomogeneous API distribution over granule size fractions was observed, with fines consistently underdosed and larger granules overdosed. Compartmental analysis revealed that the inhomogeneity originated in the wetting zone, while the first kneading zone most significantly improved uniformity. API wettability impacted nucleation behavior, with metformin.HCl incorporated in over-wetted nuclei and celecoxib forming surface layers around excipient cores. To quantify API uniformity, the weighted mean absolute deviation (WMAD), a novel metric, was introduced. The lowest WMAD values were obtained at high L/S ratio and screw speed, while API/binder addition method had a minimal impact.

Fines are a common tool to enforce smoke-free policies, but they offer no direct support for quitting, a crucial step in reducing tobacco smoke at its source and improving health. In June 2020, South Korea introduced a policy offering fine waivers to individuals who violated smoke-free regulations if they enrolled in cessation programmes. We examined the characteristics and quit success rates of these participants. We analysed cohort data from 159&#x2009;920 individuals enrolled in smoking cessation clinics at public health centres between June 2020 and July 2021. Participants were categorised into fine-exemption (n=984) and voluntary enrolment (n=158&#x2009;936) groups. Their characteristics and quit success at 6&#x2009;months were compared descriptively, and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with 6-month cessation success. The fine-exemption group was younger (aged <30: 17.9% in the voluntary group, 41.9% in the exemption group, p<0.001), less likely to be covered by the national health insurance system (71.4% in the voluntary group and 59.7% in the exemption group, p<0.001), and had a higher proportion of non-response on education items (31.5% in the voluntary group and 38.2% in the fine-exemption group, p<0.001). Despite having lower smoking amounts, shorter smoking duration, and lower nicotine dependence, the exemption group showed lower success rates than the voluntary group (32.9% vs 26.3%; OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.78, p<0.001). The fine-waiver policy reached individuals who differed from typical cessation clinic users, suggesting potential to expand access. However, additional strategies are needed to enhance motivation and improve success rates among individuals enrolling for fine waivers.

This paper establishes a particle flow model to simulate and analyze the coal fines transported through circular and elliptical aperture screen pipes with different parameters based on the discrete element method, which combines experimental research to study the influence of confining pressure, bond strength, and drainage negative pressure on the coal fines transportability. The study shows that: 1) The increase in confining pressure has a nonlinear increasing effect on coal fine particles throughput, and there is a critical threshold. Once this value is exceeded, the particle throughput increases sharply, causing of the screen pipe. When the confining pressure reaches 6 MPa, the screen pipe is filled with coal fines and becomes clogged. 2) The stronger the bonding strength of the coal fine particles, the worse the transportability, and the stronger the anticlogging ability of the screen pipe. 3) Under the condition that the aperture density and the total aperture area are the same, the coal fines throughput of the elliptical aperture screen pipe decreases approximately linearly with the increase in aspect ratio. As particle size increases, the percentage of particles transported through the screen pipe shows an inverted "V" shape, first increasing and then decreasing. 4) Increased aperture density decreases transportability linearly, but the transportability of large-sized particles increases in the case of low density. 5) Under the combined action of confining pressure and drainage negative pressure, the variation law of transportability is basically the same as that under confining pressure, but the throughput is approximately 1.3 times the throughput under confining pressure. 6) The final optimized parameters include elliptical aperture, major axis vertical to the screen axis, aspect ratio 4, and aperture density 35/m.

The disposal of waste tires has a significant environmental impact, and there is growing interest in their integration as supplementary cementitious materials. Using recycled waste tire fines as a cementitious material can declare that rubber addition develops a practical pathway for valorising tire waste in concrete production without compromising the strength of concrete. In this study, pulverized waste tire rubber fines were incorporated as a substitute for cement at varying dosages, and their influence on the mechanical behavior of concrete was investigated. The microstructural arrangements of the waste tire concrete were examined to ensure the appropriate reactions between waste tire rubber and the rest of the materials and gelation matrix development. To compute the influence of waste tire rubber fines on the observed nonlinear pattern of experimental results, a transformed square root statistical approach was applied for the significant predictions and effect correlations. From this approach, predictive transform models C1 and F2 achieved better predictions with a higher significance level. The key findings are optimal rubber dosage for maintaining satisfactory mechanical properties and instigating an effective waste disposal pathway. The machine learning model results were in good association with nonlinear experimental trends and highlight the beneficial replacement range of waste tire rubber fines.