Commonly used evaluation measures including Recall, Precision, F-Measure and Rand Accuracy are biased and should not be used without clear understanding of the biases, and corresponding identification of chance or base case levels of the statistic. Using these measures a system that performs worse in the objective sense of Informedness, can appear to perform better under any of these commonly used measures. We discuss several concepts and measures that reflect the probability that prediction is informed versus chance. Informedness and introduce Markedness as a dual measure for the probability that prediction is marked versus chance. Finally we demonstrate elegant connections between the concepts of Informedness, Markedness, Correlation and Significance as well as their intuitive relationships with Recall and Precision, and outline the extension from the dichotomous case to the general multi-class case.
Researchers at Stanford have developed a compact optical amplifier that dramatically boosts light signals using very little power。 By recycling energy inside a looping resonator, the device achieves strong amplification with minimal noise and wide bandwidth。 Its efficiency and small size mean it could run on batteries and be integrated into consume
Physicists may have just cracked open a hidden side of the quantum world。 For decades, every known particle was thought to belong to one of two categories — bosons or fermions — but researchers have now shown that bizarre “in-between” particles called anyons could also exist in a one-dimensional system。 Even more exciting, these strange particles m
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Cumberland, B。 is reimagining its coal mining past as a clean energy opportunity。 Water trapped in abandoned mine tunnels could be used in a geothermal system to heat and cool buildings efficiently and with minimal emissions
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“Every time I go to the dentist, I think about that guy,” researcher says
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