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St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a warm-season turfgrass species in the family Poaceae. This species is a popular choice for lawns in the Southern United States, due to its higher tolerance to shade, heat and humidity. However, there is little genomic information available to researchers and breeders, limiting knowledge on the genetic basis for favorable traits. We present a reference-grade chromosome-scale genome assembly for the popular freeze-tolerant diploid cultivar Raleigh. The reference genome has been resolved into two haplotype assemblies (465.41 and 401.52 Mb), accounting for 95.2% and 82.1% of the expected haplotype genome size respectively, each anchored on the nine chromosomes and a total of 62,454 genes. Analysis of the assembly revealed 50.70% of the genome contained repeats. Analysis of the diversity within the species was investigated across 79 genotypes including commercial cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introductions by low-coverage sequencing identifying 605,038 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The SNPs were used to investigate genetic diversity across the panel and the effectiveness of low-coverage sequencing on the high GC content species. SNPs classified genotypes into groups matching their phylogenetic and breeding history, with the plant introductions clustering into two groups on either side of the plot. Breeding lines for those whose parents existed in the panel clustered in between the two parents. These results showed that the cheaper, low-coverage option can be used for this type of analysis. Together, all of the resources produced in this study allow the start of the genomics-enabled genetic improvement for St. Augustinegrass. The first published genome sequence of the popular turfgrass, St. Augustinegrass, has been completed. St. Augustinegrass is popular for its ability to thrive in sandy soils, while having a higher tolerance to heat, humidity, and shade than most other southern grown grasses. By using some of the newest sequencing technologies, the genome is currently of a higher quality than any other currently published warm‐season turfgrass genome. This reference genome provides a high‐quality closely related genome for future genomic work with warm‐season turfgrasses. This will allow for the expansion of the molecular toolkits that are available to turfgrass breeders to allow building tools to enable more efficient selection. We also found that a cheaper way of sequencing was sufficient for investigating differences among breeding materials to save money in future studies.

Facelift surgery has evolved from superficial skin excisions to anatomically guided reconstruction of the deep facial and cervical layers. Modern deep-plane, extended deep-plane, and deep-neck techniques address the functional superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS)-platysma unit, the retaining ligaments, and deep cervical structures. Preservation-based approaches, the crevasse technique, and recent endoscopic modalities emphasize structural integrity and natural vector repositioning. This article reviews the historical evolution of facelift, the anatomical principles, classical and contemporary techniques, and the newest modifications and emerging innovations, outlining future directions in cervicofacial rejuvenation. Das Facelifting hat sich von oberflächlichen Hautresektionen zu tiefen, anatomisch präzisen Rekonstruktionsverfahren entwickelt. Moderne Deep-Plane‑, Extended-Deep-Plane- und Deep-Neck-Techniken adressieren die funktionelle Einheit aus dem Komplex, der aus dem superfiziellen muskuloaponeurotischen System (SMAS) und dem Platysma besteht, den ligamentären Fixationspunkten und tiefen Halsstrukturen. Ergänzend haben „Preservation-Techniken“, die „Crevasse-Methode“ sowie endoskopische Zugänge eine neue Ära struktur- und funktionserhaltender Verfahren eingeleitet. Dieser Beitrag fasst die historische Entwicklung, anatomische Grundlagen, klassische und moderne Facelift-Techniken sowie die aktuellen Modifikationen zusammen und gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Trends und zukünftige Perspektiven der zervikofazialen Rejuvenation.

Long-term oncological outcomes are significantly influenced by dietary patterns and nutritional status. Emerging evidence suggests that specific nutrients and dietary behaviors modulate the biological pathways involved in cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. Understanding these nutritional mechanisms is essential for optimizing cancer prevention strategies, improving treatment efficacy, and enhancing long-term prognosis. Dieting is a modifiable factor influencing cancer prevention, progression, and survivorship. This review is a molecular, clinical, and epidemiological data amalgamation that aims to figure out the first of the three aspects, i.e., how dietary patterns and nutrients affect carcinogenesis, therapeutic tolerance, and long-term outcomes in long-term oncology. The current review moves from diet-dependent core cancer mechanisms that lead cancer pathways through metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, oxidative stress regulation, and epigenetic alterations. Protective dietary patterns, e.g., plant-based, Mediterranean-style, fiber-rich, and omega-3-fed diets, typically provide lower oxidative and inflammatory loads while also facilitating immune surveillance and metabolic stability. Therapy-personalized nutrition that is high in energy-protein and functional foods is instrumental to treatment tolerance, reduction in complication incidence, and cachexia relief. The newest research highlights the significant influence of epigenetic remodeling and the gut-brain-immune axis as the main processes that connect nutrition to tumor behavior and psychosocial outcomes. Translation into clinical practice changes is still dependent on thoughtfully designed trials, the existence of standard guidelines, and the provision of equal access to digital nutrition tools, despite this advancement. Diet is positioned as a low-toxicity co-therapeutic strategy that supports prevention, treatment efficacy, and long-term survivorship.

Digital health technologies are being used in healthcare more than ever, which has implications for the daily work of nurses. As the newest members of the nursing profession, new graduate nurses (NGNs) experience great change during the transition to practice experience. The experience of NGNs transitioning to practice while digital health technologies are being increasingly integrated is not well elucidated in the nursing literature. This proposed scoping review will address this gap and aims to explore and describe the literature involving NGNs and digital health technologies. This review will use the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines to search CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, and ERIC databases for keywords and subject headings related to the concepts of "digital health technology" and "new graduate nurses", published between 2020 and 2026. Included articles will involve new graduate nurses with 0-12 months of experience, use digital health technology in the clinical context of nursing, and be peer-reviewed primary research. Articles will be screened and extracted using Covidence and described in line with JBI guidance and presented narratively. The findings of this scoping review will be key in positioning the transition to practice experience for NGNs in an age of digital revolution. Results will be instrumental in enhancing nursing curriculum, ensuring transition policies and procedures are supportive of developing digital health competence and assuring the delivery of better care to patients when using digital health technologies. The contribution of this review will be unique and novel in exploring NGNs and digital health, providing context for the modern experience of transition to practice.

Photo-identification underpins individual-based inference in numerous ecological studies, but scaling it to decades-long archives remains limited by expert time. Deep learning can accelerate matching, yet most pipelines treat photographs as independent observations and therefore ignore a key aspect of the data collection method: individuals are recorded in structured encounters and often exhibit persistent, non-random associations. We present a model agnostic, encounter-level identification procedure that incorporates social context as a deployable probabilistic component. Given per-image classifier posteriors, we perform log-linear fusion of three information sources: (i) image-based probabilities, (ii) global sighting priors (class frequency), and (iii) an encounter-conditioned context term derived from historical co-occurrence (log lift). The method operates as lightweight post-processing and requires no retraining or architectural changes to the image model. Using a longitudinal photo-identification dataset as a case study (West Coast Transient Bigg's killer whales), we evaluate (a) expert-assisted settings in which a small number of individuals present in an encounter are known without image-level labels, and (b) fully automated settings that initialize context from the model's own high-confidence predictions. On a strict temporal holdout (newest 10%), encounter-context fusion reduces top-1 error by ~14%-25% with expert-assisted seeding; a fully automated variant yields up to ~24% fewer misidentifications once sufficient training history exists, improving Macro-F1 by +0.088 to +0.104, with minimal computational overhead. Placebo and seed-corruption controls confirm that gains depend on meaningful co-occurrence structure and collapse when encounter context is destroyed. By turning encounter structure into a reusable probabilistic component, this work bridges established methods for analyzing animal societies with practical, scalable photo-identification pipelines. The approach is applicable to any system where individuals are repeatedly observed in groups (e.g., cetaceans, primates, ungulates, camera-trap bursts) and provides a transparent mechanism to incorporate social context into automated identification.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) hemagglutinin (HA) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses are now circulating in wild birds and agricultural species (poultry and dairy cows), resulting in multiple human infections. Both preclinical and clinical data for treating A(H5N1) with US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-influenza drugs are limited. Here, we examined the protection conferred by one, two, or three doses of the newest approved anti-influenza drug, baloxavir, in ferrets lethally challenged with either an avian- or bovine-origin A(H5N1) virus. All dosing regimens improved survival and clinical outcomes with protection ranging from 50 to 100%. Compared with vehicle-only treatment, baloxavir regimens decreased virus shedding, lung pathology, and viremia and eliminated viral spread to the brain. Multidose therapy yielded the best outcomes overall. Single-dose baloxavir prophylaxis with an avian virus challenge resulted in the low-frequency presence of polymerase acidic (PA) protein containing the E23K substitution, whereas all treatment regimens after a bovine-origin virus challenge induced at least one instance of PA containing the I38T substitution. Both PA-E23K and PA-I38T were predicted to decrease potential baloxavir-PA protein interactions, and they phenotypically reduced susceptibility of the virus to baloxavir by 3.8-fold [50% effective concentration (EC50) = 15.13 nanomolar, PA-E23K] and 77.3-fold (EC50 = 307.40 nanomolar, PA-I38T) in polymerase assays. Baloxavir is a single-dose drug for treating seasonal influenza. We show that multidose regimens of baloxavir may be most efficacious against highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in a preclinical ferret model, with effective control of both severe disease and neurological involvement.

Portopulmonary Hypertension is a subtype of pulmonary arterial hypertension with high mortality. There are extremely few clinical trials to guide treatment in portopulmonary hypertension, which is typically based on the approach to treatment for other types of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sotatercept, the newest pulmonary arterial hypertension approved therapeutic, is a novel activin signaling inhibitor which has been shown to significantly improve disease severity and enhance survival when added to background therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Unfortunately, portopulmonary hypertension patients were excluded from the clinical trials that led to Sotatercept approval, and the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Sotatercept in portopulmonary hypertension remains unclear. Here we describe, to the best of our knowledge, a case report of the first use of Sotatercept in the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension, combined with single cell RNA sequencing and plasma proteomic analysis. We demonstrate that profiling the circulating leukocyte transcriptomic and circulating pulmonary artery proteomic signatures before and after Sotatercept treatment identifies changes in CD8 + T-Cell and Monocyte gene expression, and levels of proteins involved in inflammation and ubiquitination. Sotatercept appears well tolerated, effective in reducing pulmonary hypertension hemodynamic severity in a portopulmonary hypertension patient refractory to conventional pulmonary hypertension therapies, but may be associated with the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome. This report demonstrates tolerability and efficacy of Sotatercept in portopulmonary hypertension, identifies candidate biomarkers of treatment response, but also suggests caution may be warranted. Findings from this work support further investigation of Sotatercept in the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension. Portopulmonary hypertension is disease of the blood vessels in the lungs that occurs in people with underlying liver disease. It is very deadly, there is no cure, and there are limited treatments. A new treatment for pulmonary hypertension, Sotatercept, has shown benefit, but has not yet been tried in patients with portopulmonary hypertension. Here we report the results of using Sotatercept in a patient with portopulmonary hypertension, who hadn’t fully responded to other pulmonary hypertension treatments. With Sotatercept, his disease improved, and he was able to get a liver transplant. He did develop low oxygen levels, that might have been related to Sotatercept treatment. This case highlights the possible risks and benefits of using Sotatercept in portopulmonary hypertension and encourages further study of Sotatercept for treatment of portopulmonary hypertension.

The American Heart Association (AHA) updated a novel construct of cardiovascular health (CVH) in 2022 as Life's Essential 8 (LE8). This measure of CVH has been widely used at the individual level to assess mortality and chronic disease risk. Despite its clinical relevance, LE8 has not been operationalized at a population level to capture contextual cardiovascular health environments. Ecological study design. Utilizing data from two publicly available datasets found in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's PLACES and the County Health Rankings and Roadmap data, we address the following goals: (1) create a county-level CVH score based on the newest AHA's LE8 framework; (2) measure and map the geographic heterogeneity in the county-level CVH score to understand the patterning of CVH across US counties; (3) assess the association between key social determinants of health and county-level CVH scores to capture the contextual cardiovascular health environment. We create a novel county-level CVH score based on the LE8 framework and examine the distribution of the score across the US. Our maps highlight significant spatial heterogeneity with noticeable clustering. Regression models revealed that air pollution and primary care access were significant predictors of the county-level CVH score. This is one of the first constructions of the LE8 framework at the county-level, representing the CVH environment across the US. Findings from our research can inform policy and interventions aimed toward improving CVH, especially those that consider the geographic boundaries of counties, and the environmental and healthcare context.

Photon-counting computed tomography is the newest technological advancement in CT imaging allowing for an improved spatial resolution, inherent spectral information, and significant radiation dose reduction. These benefits may enhance diagnostic confidence and accuracy for radiologists and clinicians. Multiple clinical applications in musculoskeletal radiology benefit from this technology, including the reduction of metal artifacts, improved visualization of bone marrow edema, and better assessment of crystal arthropathies. This narrative review presents a comprehensive summary of the current advancements and applications of this emerging technology within musculoskeletal radiology using several illustrative cases.

Cephalometric analysis is the quantitative evaluation of skeletal and soft-tissue relationships on lateral skull radiographs; it underlies diagnosis, treatment planning, and growth assessment in orthodontics. The analysis hinges on cephalometric landmarks which are anatomical reference points whose 2-D coordinates are used to derive angles, distances, and ratios that guide clinical decisions. Manual identification of these landmarks is time-consuming where each image can take from 10 to 15 min and is subject to inter- and intra-examiner variability that can exceed 2 mm, propagating error into subsequent measurements. In recent years, artificial intelligence methods have advanced rapidly and are now widely adopted in medical imaging. This paper proposes an automatic landmark-detection pipeline built on YOLOv12, the newest iteration of the You-Only-Look-Once family. Trained and evaluated on a publicly available cephalometric dataset, the YOLOv12 model successfully localized 53.47% of landmarks within 1 mm and 80.57% within 2 mm.

Facial fractures cause morbidity and involve intense resource use. Over the last two decades, several societal developments such as enactment of the Affordable Care Act and the COVID-19 pandemic occurred that could have potentially impacted facial fracture care. The purpose of this study was to present the newest available nationwide epidemiologic data on facial fractures encountered in hospital-based emergency department (ED) settings in the United States (US), for years 2021 and 2022, and narratively compared to 2007, when the last epidemiologic data were published using the same database source. This was a descriptive retrospective case series of the 2021 and 2022 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database. All ED visits for the years 2021 and 2022 were included in the study, and those with missing data were excluded from analysis. Given the descriptive study nature, there were no predictor variables. The primary outcome variable was the frequency of facial fractures. Secondary outcome variables included fracture site, sociodemographic variables (age, sex, race, and insurance status), and patient- and hospital-related factors (disposition and ED charges in 2022 US dollars). There were no covariates. Descriptive statistics, including weighted frequencies, weighted means, standard error, and 95% CI, were calculated. Between 2021 and 2022, there were 965,750 facial fracture-related ED visits, representing a 9.5% interval increase over the 2 years and up to 24% increase compared to 2007. Mean age (46.6 years, standard error 0.2; 95% CI 46.4-47.3) and female presentation (37.4%) measurably increased compared to 2007, whereas the uninsured population decreased. Nasal bone (58.1%) was the most commonly involved area, followed by the orbit, maxilla, mandible, and zygoma. Most were routinely discharged from the ED (66.5%), and 23.3% were admitted. Mean ED charge was $12,013 (standard error 247; 95% CI 11,527, 12,498) per encounter, with total charges of $10,794,020,671 for 2021 and 2022. Recognizing these significant sociodemographic, patient, and hospital-related changes can guide clinical care and policy-making, especially for targeted resource allocation. The findings can also serve as the basis for follow-up studies using complementary data sources.

This study aims to assess the learning curves associated with pulsed Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) among three surgeons with varying levels of experience in Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) as a treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic enlargement, with pulsed ThuLEP being one of the newest systems for the surgical treatment of male LUTS. We conducted a prospective analysis of the first 100 consecutive ThuLEP procedures performed by three surgeons with varying levels of HoLEP experience: one highly experienced (>1,000 prior HoLEP surgeries), one moderately experienced (>200 prior HoLEP surgeries), and one novice surgeon (with no prior HoLEP surgeries) undergoing a structured training program. The evaluation focused on perioperative characteristics, functional results, and safety outcomes. While postoperative functional outcomes were comparable across all groups, experienced surgeons demonstrated a steeper learning curve. The highly experienced surgeon achieved proficiency approximately twice as quickly as the moderately experienced one. Surgeons with prior HoLEP experience reached a performance plateau in enucleation efficiency (g/min) and enucleation time (min) roughly twice as quickly, while requiring only about half the laser energy (kJ). Training a HoLEP-inexperienced surgeon in ThuLEP proved both feasible and safe when conducted within a structured training program. Pulsed ThuLEP shows a learning curve comparable to HoLEP for inexperienced surgeons when performed following a structured training program. Switching lasers is safe and feasible for surgeons already experienced in HoLEP.

The helpful gut microbes create bioactive micro- and macromolecules known as postbiotics, which have substantial medical potential. These small-molecular-weight biomolecules, which provide the host with a number of physiological health advantages, are the subject of a revolutionary therapeutic strategy. Because of their varied delivery mechanisms and customizable dosage, several postbiotics are promising medical agents that may be used for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Nonetheless, there are still a lot of obstacles to overcome when giving postbiotics in vivo. The current body of scientific literature supports utilizing targeted delivery systems based on nanoparticles as a novel and secure method for the delivery or/and release of postbiotics in a variety of (oral, intradermal, and intravenous) in vivo models due to their attractive characteristics in regards to low toxicity, high biodegradability, biocompatibility, and considerable capacity for carrying both hydrophobic and hydrophilic postbiotics. If postbiotics are to be widely used as therapeutic approaches, they must undergo considerable research and randomized double-blind clinical studies because they are still in the early stages of development. This article gives a thorough summary of the newest developments in drug delivery, with a focus on the main in vivo routes for the tailored delivery of postbiotics. However, the findings summarized in this review are primarily based on preclinical and early-stage studies, and limitations related to heterogeneous study designs, incomplete pharmacokinetic characterization, and limited clinical validation should be considered when interpreting the translational potential of postbiotic delivery systems.

The most common cancers in women, ovarian, cervical and endometrial, are still a significant cause of cancer-related illness and death around the world. Success with the newest immunotherapy can only be achieved when the treatment targets the tumor accurately. Although monoclonal antibodies, aptamers and antisense oligonucleotides are traditionally used in immunotargeting, they face challenges related to bulkiness, their price, immune response and reaching tumors. For these reasons, peptides are now considered important next-generation substances for immunotargeting. This review describes how peptides are becoming increasingly significant in gynecological oncology through their application in drug targeting, imaging cancer, and making vaccines. Findings on how peptide targeting systems measure up to other approaches and some recent advances in designing peptide-drug conjugates, receptor-targeting therapies, and CAR-T therapies are discussed. This review also discuss about how peptides are stable, how to deliver them selectively and how artificial intelligence supports better peptide designing. With the development of precision medicine, the use of peptide-based immunotargeting can greatly improve both the success and safety of treatments for cancer of the uterus and ovaries.