This study investigated the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) and the phenolic profiles of methanol extracts from Satureja boissieri Hausskn. ex Boiss. EO analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identified carvacrol (45.2%), cymene (26.0%) and γ-terpinene (17.5%) as the primary constituents. Phenolic profiles were quantified via Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS), revealing syringic acid (56,647.96 mg/kg extract), rosmarinic acid (47,777.98 mg/kg extract) and hesperidin (6353.49 mg/kg extract) as major components in the extract. The antioxidant potential was evaluated through three distinct radical scavenging assays (DPPH, ABTS and DMPD) and the determination of ferric (Fe3+) and cupric (Cu2+) reducing capacities. Notably, S. boissieri exhibited potent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 11.74 µg/mL for DPPH and 9.90 µg/mL for ABTS radical scavenging, demonstrating performance comparable to standard antioxidants such as α-tocopherol (11.31 and 8.37 µg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the in vitro inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were evaluated. While both extracts exhibited similar and significant AChE inhibition (35.3% and 32.4%, respectively), the essential oil was notably more potent against BChE than the methanol extract. These findings suggest that S. boissieri is a significant source of bioactive compounds with promising antioxidant and neuroprotective potential for pharmaceutical applications.
Our goal in putting together this special issue was twofold: First, to honour the remarkable career of Professor Wendy Parr and her contribution to the understanding of wine tasting and wine tasters and second, to continue to raise awareness of the importance of the cognitive approach in the wine scientific literature. We present Professor Wendy Parr's insightful reflections on her distinguished career, including her early ventures into psychology and the experiences that shaped her contributions. These are complemented by a concise historical perspective on the evolution of wine sensory science, providing context for her work. Professor Parr also shares her thoughtful vision for the future, offering inspiration for continued advancements in the field. This special issue includes 20 articles, referring to different perspectives on wine tasting phenomena. Each article was categorised into one of five wine sensory research themes, namely taster's cognition, taster's attitudes and representations, taster segmentation, wine-extrinsic cues and wine-intrinsic cues.
The present study aimed to investigate whether, over two recent decades (1997-2018), Old World Wines (OW) and New World Wines (NW) have become more similar or less similar from a sensory perspective. Two 5-year periods were selected within the two-decade period: 1997-2001 (p1) and 2014-2018 (p2). Data comprised descriptors from reviews by seven expert wine critics with descriptors for 31 wines extracted from each review for every year selected. The frequency of citation of descriptors for each of the four wine categories: OW-p1; OW-p2; NW-p1 and NW-p2 was counted. Differences in the citation of descriptors amongst the four categories were calculated by chi-square test. Correspondence analysis (CA) was calculated with the frequency table of descriptors and wine category. In parallel, the level of alcohol was recorded working under the assumption that changing ethanol values might also contribute towards changes in sensory profiles. Significant differences in ethanol content amongst the four categories of wines were calculated with a two-way ANOVA with region (OW or NW) and period (1997-2001; 2014-2018) as fixed factors. The CA demonstrated that time period was a secondary factor after wine region in differentiation of the selected wines by critics. The wines from the latter period showed higher alcohol levels than the wines from the earlier one. The fact that this alcohol increase with time did not result in a convergence in sensory properties amongst wines from the two regions conceivably is due to critics' perception and judgment of wines being affected by historical notions of OW and NW wine differences. Results are discussed in terms of top-down cognitive mechanisms.
Obesity is a growing problem in infants, children, and adolescents in our country and all over the world. Obese children usually remain obese in their adulthood and they are risk of chronic diseases. In our country, ¼ (24.5%) of 2nd grade students in primary school, approximately 1/3 (30.1%) of middle school students and 1/5 (20.6%) of high school students are obese/overweight. This study was conducted to evaluate TV advertising of these products according to the Healthy Nutrition and Active Life Program of the Turkish Ministry of Health, which is based on World Health Organization recommendations. It was observed that there were numerous inappropriate increased number and time food and beverage advertisements broadcast during programming directed at children. Monitoring and evaluation of mechanisms should be founded according to the 27.03.2018 regulation about Broadcast Service Procedures and Principles initiated by Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK). It is important to encourage healthy habits and take measures to prevent chronic diseases such as obesity in childhood.
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Uluslararası Botanik Adlandırma Kuralları'nda yapılan değişikliklere, her altı yılda bir gerçekleştirilen ve Uluslararası Botanik Kongresi (IBC) ile beraber yapılan Adlandırma Seksiyonlarında karar verilmektedir. On sekizinci (XVIII.) Uluslararası Botanik Kongresi, Avustralya'nın Melborn şehrinde yapılmıştır. Adlandırma Seksiyonu 18-22 Temmuz 2011 tarihleri arasında toplanmış olup, kararlar 30 Temmuzdaki genel kurul toplantısında kongre tarafından kabul edilmiştir. Bu toplantıda yeni isimlerin yayınlanması ile ilgili olarak Yasa'da bazı önemli değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Bu değişikliklerden iki tanesi Melborn Yasası basılmadan bir süre önce, 1 Ocak 2012 tarihinden itibaren geçerli olacaktır. 1- Elektronik ortamda Uluslararası Standart Seri Numarası (ISSN) ya da Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası (ISBN)'na sahip Taşınabilir Belge Biçiminde (PDF) çevrimiçi olarak yayınlanan elektronik materyal gerçek yayın kabul edilecektir. 2- Yeni takson isimleri için aranan Latince betim ya da diyagnoz gerekliliği, Latince veya İngilizce yazılmış betim veya diyagnoz gerekliliği şeklinde değiştirilecektir. Bunlara ek olarak, 1 Ocak 2013'ten itibaren uygulanmak üzere, mantar olarak kabul edilen organizmaların yeni isimlerinin geçerli olarak basılabilmesi için, tanınmış (MycoBank gibi) bir veri bankası tarafından verilen bir tanımlayıcının (seri numarasının) protologta (bir ismin geçerli basımında onunla ilgili verilen her türlü bilgi) belirtilmesi gerekmektedir. Elektronik yayın ile ilgili yeni maddelerin taslak metinleri ve bunların en iyi şekilde nasıl uygulanacağı aşağıda sunulmuştur. Uluslararası Alg, Mantar ve Bitki Adlandırma Yasası'nda yapılan bu değişikliklerin geniş kitlelere duyurulmasını sağlamak amacıyla bu makale BMC Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Brittonia, Cladistics, MycoKeys, Mycotaxon, New Phytologist, North American Fungi, Novon, Opuscula Philolichenum, PhytoKeys, Phytoneuron, Phytotaxa, Plant Diversity and Resources, Systematic Botany ve Taxon dergilerinde yayınlanacaktır.
The Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial pathogen is reputed for its resistance to multiple antibiotics, and this property is strongly associated with the development of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms form by aggregation of microorganisms on a solid surface and secretion of an extracellular polysaccharide substances that acts as a physical protection barrier for the encased bacteria. In addition, the P aeruginosa quorum-sensing system contributes to antibiotic resistance by regulating the expression of several virulence factors, including exotoxin A, elastase, pyoverdin and rhamnolipid. The organosulfur compound allicin, derived from garlic, has been shown to inhibit both surface-adherence of bacteria and production of virulence factors. In this study, the effects of allicin on P aeruginosa biofilm formation and the production of quorum-sensing controlled virulence factors were investigated. The results demonstrated that allicin could inhibit early bacterial adhesion, reduce EPS secretion, and down-regulate virulence factors' production. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential of allicin as a therapeutic agent for controlling P aeruginosa biofilm.
Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonized in late pregnancies has been associated with neonatal early-onset GBS disease (GBS-EOD) in China. Objective: This study investigated if GBS serotype and genotype in late pregnancy is associated with GBS-EOD, providing a reference for GBS-EOD prevention and treatment. Methods: A total of 298 pregnant women with GBS colonization during their late pregnancy and 32 invasive GBS-EOD cases were included in this study for GBS serotyping and genotyping using commercial kits and DNA sequencing. Results: We identified 266 GBS strains from mothers whose newborns were not infected with GBS-EOD. Serotype III [54.9% (146/266)] was the most common serotype, followed by Ib [17.3% (46/266)] and V [10.1% (27/266)]. ST19 was the most prevalent genotype [19.9% (53/266)], followed by ST862 [9.4% (25/266)] and ST12 [7.9% (21/266)]. We found that 32 mothers and their neonates with GBS-EOD had the same GBS strains. In 32 cases of GBS-EOD, the top three serotypes were III, Ia, and Ib, while the top three genotypes were ST17, ST23, and ST19. ST17 was the dominant genotype of serotype III, which was the most common prevalent in GBS-EOD [72.2% (13/18)], and ST23 was the dominant genotype of serotype Ia, the second most prevalent in GBS-EOD [87.5% (6/8)]. There were statistically significant differences in serotypes (p = 0.046) and genotypes (p = 0.000) distribution between the 266 pregnant women without GBS-EOD neonates and 32 cases of GBS-EOD. Conclusion: This study revealed a statistically significant associations of GBS serotype Ia, and ST17 and ST23 between GBS colonization in women during late pregnancy and in neonatal GBS-EOD. The GBS ST23 of serotype Ia and ST17 of serotype III possessed a strong pathogenicity.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens can be safely implanted without the use of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices. This retrospective study comprised 100 eyes having phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation without the use of ophthalmic viscosurgical device. 80 eyes with the use of a viscosurgical device are used as control group. In this intraocular lens implantation technique, the anterior chamber was maintained with an irrigation cannula and intraocular lens was implanted with a lens injector. Visual acuity, corneal clarity and edema, intraocular pressure, and corneal endothelial cell count were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at days 1, 7, and 30. Corneal endothelial cell count was repeated 2 weeks after surgery. Complications of this technique were also evaluated. No significant complications of this intraocular lens implantation technique, such as posterior capsule rupture, intraocular lens buttonholing, zonular dialysis, Descemet's tear/detachment, occurred. On the seventh postoperative day, 90 % of eyes achieved 20/20 or better vision. There was no difference in corneal endothelial cell loss between viscoelastic device-used and not-used cases (p = 0.356). When implanting intraocular lens without the use of ophthalmic viscosurgical device, significant intraoperative complications did not occur. The possible advantages are shortened surgery time, avoidance of postoperative IOP spike from ocular viscosurgical device (OVD) remnant, and reduced cost.