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was to investigate the potential of using artificial intelligence technologies for age estimation in children from dental radiographs. Materials and Methods: ), mean squared error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Results: The study showed that the developed machine learning model was highly accurate in age estimation in children. The mean absolute error across cross-validation was 0.92 years, which was significantly lower than the error associated with traditional manual methods.
BACKGROUND: Diagnosing psychiatric disorders following craniocerebral trauma primarily depends on clinical symptoms and neuropsychological evaluation, which can be subjective and limited. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100-β), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in post-traumatic mental disorders. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 108 patients with craniocerebral trauma admitted to Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between January 2021 and December 2023. Patients were categorized into a post-traumatic mental disorder group (n = 68) and a simple craniocerebral trauma group (n = 40) according to whether they had mental disorders. Serum MMP-9, S100-β, and GFAP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between the two groups. Logistic multivariate regression identified risk factors for post-traumatic mental disorders, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the predictive value of the biomarkers. Spearman correlation analysis examined the relationship between serum biomarkers and the presence of post-traumatic mental disorders. RESULTS: Serum levels of MMP-9, S100-β, and GFAP were significantly elevated in the post-traumatic mental disorder group compared to the simple traumatic brain injury group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that craniocerebral injury severity, family satisfaction, and serum levels of S100-β and GFAP were significant risk factors for post-traumatic mental disorders (p < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve for MMP-9, S100-β, and GFAP were 0.768, 0.937, and 0.904, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum MMP-9, S100-β and GFAP were significantly positively correlated with the incidence of post-traumatic mental disorders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The levels of MMP-9, S100-β and GFAP were abnormal in the serum of patients with craniocerebral trauma. These biomarkers hold significant diagnostic value in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
BACKGROUND: Fractures of the mandible are among the most common injuries to the bones of the facial skeleton and are associated with a relatively high incidence of complications, particularly purulent-inflammatory conditions, especially when treatment is delayed. These complications and surgical interventions can damage the masticatory muscles, disrupt their physiological balance, impair mandibular movement and contribute to pain syndrome development. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of pain severity, the restoration of stomatognathic apparatus function following purulent-inflammatory complications of mandibular fractures and their impact on patients' quality of life. METHODS: We assessed the data of 15 patients with mandibular fractures without fragment displacement but complicated by purulent-inflammatory processes. Surgical intervention was combined with intermaxillary immobilization for four weeks, followed by myogymnastic exercises during rehabilitation. Mandibular movement amplitude was measured in three planes and surveys were conducted. Pain syndrome was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire, and their psycho-emotional status was evaluated using the Spielberger-Hanin Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Quality of life was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form questionnaire (SF-36). Assessments were performed on the fourth postoperative day, immediately after splint removal,and at one, six and twelve months post-operation. Mandibular mobility was also measured seven and fourteen days post-splint removal. RESULTS: The results were then compared with a group of healthy volunteers. Over one year of observation, we found that all functional and psychometric parameters of the patients remained significantly lower than those of the healthy volunteer group, and these deficits predisposed patients to muscle dysfunction and negatively impacted their quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, continued research is essential to develop effective treatment and rehabilitation strategies for this patient population.
Introduction The detection of nitrophenolic compounds in environmental water sources is critical due to their toxicity and persistence. This study presents the first reported application of a fully 3D printed carbon nanofiber-graphite-polystyrene working electrode for the electrochemical determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), offering a novel and potentially cost-effective alternative to traditionally fabricated electrodes. Methods Initial characterisation of 2,4-DNP was performed using cyclic voltammetry across a pH range of 2-8 to investigate its redox behaviour. A double potential step chronoamperometric technique was then employed, with step potentials set at −1.4 V and +0.8 V. Calibration was conducted using standard solutions of 2,4-DNP, and the method was validated using both fortified and unfortified environmental pond water samples. Results Cyclic voltammetry revealed two reduction peaks during the initial negative scan, attributed to the reduction of the nitro groups to hydroxylamines, followed by two oxidation peaks on the positive scan corresponding to the re-oxidation of these hydroxylamines. All peaks exhibited pH dependence. The chronoamperometric calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 50 μM to 1.0 mM (R 2 = 0.9978), with a detection limit of 7.8 μM (S/N = 3). Analysis of pond water samples yielded a mean recovery of 106% with a coefficient of variation of 3.6% at 50 μM. Discussion The results demonstrate that 3D printed carbon nanofiber-graphite-polystyrene electrodes are effective for the determination of 2,4-DNP in environmental water samples. The method provides reliable quantification with good sensitivity and reproducibility, highlighting the potential of additive manufacturing in the development of electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring.
The research goal was to identify the macro- and microstructural features of animal bone remains and soft tissues under thermal exposure. The study was conducted in the autopsy and histological laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, Pathological Anatomy and Surgery of the Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine of the Krasnoyarsk State Agricultural University. The material for the study was bone remains and fragments of soft tissues of an animal after thermal exposure to an open flame found in a forest burned area. The main research methods were anatomical, topographic, cytological and morphometric ones. It was found that the examined fragments represented the burnt remains of an animal (a mammal of the canid family - a domestic dog - Canis lupus e. familiaris) with varying degrees of temperature exposure. Based on macroscopic (anatomical and topographic) and microscopic (cytological) studies of the burnt bone remains and soft tissues, it may be concluded that thermal exposure to animal tissues leads to charring of bones to a state of black and gray heat, and the formation of undifferentiated bone chips as well as burnt and smoked soft tissues. Tubular bones as well as vertebral bodies built of lamellar bone tissue are more resistant to high temperatures as compared to flat bones built of coarse-fibrous bone tissue; that allows them to be identified at the organ and species levels. Skeletal striated muscle fibers and connective tissue fibers after exposure to high temperatures may be identified at the cellular level which is probably due to the fixing effect of high temperatures preventing postmortem autolysis.
The research goal was to conduct preclinical tests and determine the local intolerance of a complex herbal remedy using the method of skin applications. Four trial groups of 10 guinea pigs were formed. On the sides of laboratory animals, 2 patches of skin 2 × 2 cm were sheared. In the 1st group, the ointment of a complex remedy from vegetable raw materials prepared on petrolate at a dose of 50 mg g was evenly applied to the right side, once a day, for 20 days. In the 2nd group, the ointment of a complex remedy from vegetable raw materials prepared on petrolate at a dose of 300 mg g was evenly applied once a day, for 20 days; in the 3rd group, the ointment of a complex remedy from vegetable raw materials prepared on petrolate was evenly applied at a dose of 3000 mg g, once a day, for 20 days; in the 4th group - at a dose of 4000 mg g, once a day, for 20 days. Petrolate was similarly applied to the left side in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups without a complex agent. The skin response was visually assessed after 30 minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 20 days and a week after the end of the study. The findings obtained indicate the absence of any allergic response the trimmed skin areas which indicates that the complex remedy from plant raw materials does not cause any local intolerance on the skin of guinea pigs and may be classified as hazard class IV (low-risk substances).
The paper presents an osteological study of the Posad necropolis of the ancient Russian city of Kursk of the 11th — 13th centuries. A total of 31 human skeletons were found, 20 of which belonged to adult individuals. The males and females of the group are characterized by an average and above average value of the intermembrane index, with slightly elongated upper limbs more common. Most males and females have an average or near average ratio of arm and leg segment lengths. The females are characterized by narrow shoulders and average pelvic width. The lifetime body length of men ranged from 155.9 cm to 174.7 cm, that is, men’s height ranged from small to large. The lifetime height of females ranged from 151.4 cm to 164.9 cm, that is, the height of women varied from below average to large. The bones of the arms and legs in the male sample are characterized by an average and high degree of massiveness. In in the female sample, the clavicles and ulna bones are different in terms of massiveness — the humeri are either medium massive or gracile, while the radii are medium massive, highly massive or ultramassive. The leg bones are of medium to high massiveness. Both male and female samples are characterized by strong sagittal flattening and notable development of the interosseous edge of the radii, weak sagittal flattening of the ulnae, and strong transverse flattening of the tibiae. In most males and females, the ulnae in the upper part of the diaphysis are moderately wide or eurolenic. In most males, the diaphysis of the femoral bones is narrow in the middle, some have a poorly or moderately developed bone pilaster. The femoral bones of females are characterized by both an expanded and narrowed diaphysis in the middle part of the shaft. The posterior bone pilaster is poorly developed in all females. More than 50% of men have a flattened and strongly flattened diaphysis of the femoral bones in the upper part. In most females, the diaphysis of the femoral bones is very flattened and hyperplatimeric. Both males and females are characterized by mesoknemic, or moderately dilated in the upper part, tibia.
Understanding commonsense causality is a unique mark of intelligence for humans.It helps people understand the principles of the real world better and benefits the decisionmaking process related to causation.For instance, commonsense causality is crucial in judging whether a defendant's action causes the plaintiff's loss in determining legal liability.Despite its significance, a systematic exploration of this topic is notably lacking.Our comprehensive survey bridges this gap by focusing on taxonomies, benchmarks, acquisition methods, qualitative reasoning, and quantitative measurements in commonsense causality, synthesizing insights from over 200 representative articles.Our work aims to provide a systematic overview, update scholars on recent advancements, provide a pragmatic guide for beginners, and highlight promising future research directions in this vital field.A summary of the related literature is available at https://github. com/cui-shaobo/causality-papers .
BACKGROUND: ABO blood type affects general and oral health, as salivary physiochemical features are different among various blood kinds. Thus, these may affect the dental caries severity. This work studied the caries experience prevalence in individuals displaying various blood types. This work tested the association between ABO blood group and dental caries. Also, this work evaluated which ABO groups are associated with a higher vulnerability to dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty Tikrit University students were randomly selected and were put into four groups based on blood type, and dental caries experience was diagnosed and scored based on the index of Decay Missing Filling Teeth and Surfaces (WHO, 2013). This index scores caries lesions by severity. RESULTS: The blood type O was the most frequent (37%), followed by B, A, and AB types. Caries experience (DMFS and DMFT) was statistically significantly higher among the B blood group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ABO blood group was associated with dental caries disease.
O Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) continua a representar uma das principais questões médicas e de saúde pública em todo o mundo, sendo responsável por um considerável ônus global de morbidade e mortalidade. Objetivo: analisar sobre o diagnóstico, tratamento e fatores prognósticos do TCE. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, utilizando artigos presentes nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus e SciELO Foram incluídos artigos originais e revisões sistemáticas em inglês e português publicadas entre 2010 e 2024, que abordassem sobre fatores de risco e prevenção da pré-eclâmpsia. Após a análise, foram selecionados 24 artigos para a confecção dessa revisão bibliográfica. Resultados e Discussão: A classificação de lesões cerebrais mais utilizada e aceita baseia-se no grau de alerta após o trauma, que é classificado de acordo com a escala de coma de Glasgow. O ambiente pré-hospitalar exerce grande influência no sucesso ou no agravo da condição de saúde do paciente vítima de TCE, tendo sido alvo de amplos estudos para se chegar ao melhor protocolo que minimize ao máximo os riscos de piora e ate óbito. No contexto do TCE, a reabilitação personalizada surge como uma abordagem integral e adaptativa para otimizar a recuperação dos pacientes. Conclusão: A análise dos fatores prognósticos determinantes destaca a importância da avaliação inicial da gravidade da lesão, idade do paciente, tempo até a intervenção, comorbidades, suporte social e adesão ao tratamento.
Humanity is currently facing several global problems, such as global warming, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, desertification and land degradation, which are connected to the consequences of negative human activity. One of the possible and effective institutional tools for environmental protection is the environmental education of the general population. It is a relatively well-known and used environmental protection policy tool that governments of all developed countries have in their instrument mix. This qualitative analysis assigned itself the task of investigating whether the ability of environmental education can be affected by certain neuropsychological diseases in addition to thinking about the psychology of environmental education at large. In order to fulfill this main task, the authors asked themselves the following research questions: 1st - Is pedagogical psychology identical and also applicable in the case of environmental education? And 2nd - What effect do some neuropsychological disorders have on the ability of environmental education? Based on the study, analysis, selection and comparison of current professional scientific works obtained from the research activities of current researches on this topic, it is possible to accept the premise that the psychology of environmental education is basically the same as the general psychology of education and that neuropsychological diseases do indeed affect the ability of environmental education similarly to scholarly education.
Recently, many methods and algorithms have been developed that can be quickly adapted to different situations within a population of interest, especially in the health sector. Success has been achieved by generating better models and higher-quality results to facilitate decision making, as well as to propose new diagnostic procedures and treatments adapted to each patient. These models can also improve people’s quality of life, dissuade bad health habits, reinforce good habits, and modify the pre-existing ones. In this sense, the objective of this study was to apply supervised and unsupervised classification techniques, where the clustering algorithm was the key factor for grouping. This led to the development of three optimal groups of clinical pattern based on their characteristics. The supervised classification methods used in this study were Correspondence (CA) and Decision Trees (DT), which served as visual aids to identify the possible groups. At the same time, they were used as exploratory mechanisms to confirm the results for the existing information, which enhanced the value of the final results. In conclusion, this multi-technique approach was found to be a feasible method that can be used in different situations when there are sufficient data. It was thus necessary to reduce the dimensional space, provide missing values for high-quality information, and apply classification models to search for patterns in the clinical profiles, with a view to grouping the patients efficiently and accurately so that the clinical results can be applied in other research studies.
Thai Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var pruriens (T-MP) seed containing levodopa (L-DOPA) and antioxidant capacity has been shown to improve sexual behavior and male reproductive parameters in rats treated with ethanol (Eth). However, its protective effect on testicular apoptotic germ cells has never been reported. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of T-MP seed extract on expressions of caspase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) proteins in Eth rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (9 animals/group), including control, Eth, T-MP150+Eth, and T-MP300+Eth, respectively. Control rats received distilled water, and Eth rats received Eth (3g/kg BW; 40%v/v). The T-MP groups were treated with T-MP seed extract at a dose of 150 or 300 mg/kg before Eth administration for 56 consecutive days. The results showed that the seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height were significantly increased in both T-MP treated groups compared to the Eth group. Additionally, the caspase-9 and -3, and PCNA expressions were decreased, but D2R expression was markedly increased in T-MP groups. It was concluded that T-MP seed extract could protect testicular apoptosis induced by Eth via changes in caspase, PCNA, and D2R protein expressions.
Fentanyl and its derivatives have been mainstays for the treatment of pain for many years. To accurately detect them in medical applications and customs, a rapid, sensitive, and selective method is urgently needed. In this study, we established a point-of-care-testing (POCT) differential Raman approach for the detection of fentanyl substances in liquid and solid conditions. The silver nanoparticle was prepared and characterized as SERS substrate, which can adsorb fentanyl-related molecules on the rough surface to enhance the Raman signal. Subsequently, 27 kinds of fentanyl-related substances were detected to determine that the POCT spectral resolution is better than 6 cm−1, Raman detection range is 100–3200 cm−1, and the detection limit of the fentanyl-related substances at 1002 cm−1 is 0.1–25 ppb. Furthermore, the Raman characteristic peaks of fentanyl were checked through comparison between theoretical calculations and experiments to obtain a database for rapid on-site inspection. Thus, the fast, accurate, stable POCT approach can be widely applied to monitor drugs and toxins due to its sensitivity, specificity, and abundance database.
Проведено палеодемографическое исследование некрополя XIV – начала XV вв. на территории объекта археологического наследия «Поселение Псебепс-3» в Крымском районе Краснодарского края в 2016 г. Общее количество индивидов – 381. Группа весьма представительна, при этом кладбище формировалось немногим более века. Процентное соотношение взрослых мужчин и женщин составило 65,46% и 34,54%. Столь малое количество женщин по сравнению с мужчинами можно было бы объяснить тем, что вероятно женщины чаще умирали в детском возрасте. Средняя продолжительность жизни в группе оказалась равной 25,7 лет. Средняя продолжительность жизни взрослых женщин оказалась примерно на 5 лет меньше, чем у мужчин, что связано с высокой смертностью женщин в возрасте до 25 лет. Финальная возрастная когорта всей группы, так же, как и только женщин, не представительна. Высок процент индивидов в возрастной когорте 50+ лет у мужчин – 12,3%. Процент детской смертности – средний и составляет 31,23%. При этом почти половина детей умерли в первые пять лет жизни, а пятая часть детей умерли в возрасте до 1 года. The “Psebeps–3” necropolis is located at the archaeological heritage site "Settlement Psebeps-3" in the Krymsky district of the Krasnodar Krai and dates back to the XIV – early XV centuries. A paleodemographic study of the necropolis was conducted in 2016. The studied sample is very representative (a total of 381 individuals), although the cemetery functioned for a short period of time – a little more than a century. The ratio of adult males and females was 65.46% and 34.54%. Such a small number of females compared to males could be explained by the frequency of early deaths among women. The average life expectancy in the group was 25.7 years. The average life expectancy of adult women was found to be about 5 years less than that of men, which is associated with a high mortality rate for women under the age of 25. The final age cohort of the whole group, as well as only women, is very small in number. The percentage of individuals in the age cohort of 50+ years among men is high – 12.3%. The child mortality in the group is average and amounts to 31.23%. Almost half of the children died in the first 5 years of life, and a fifth of the children died under the age of 1 year.
В результате археологических исследований была получена крупная серия антропологического материала, позволившая подробно охарактеризовать особенности населения русской Астрахани XVI–XX вв. Проведен палеодемографический анализ с использованием материалов из некрополя XVI–XIX вв. из Благовещенского монастыря Астрахани. Была использована методика J.Angel. Общее число индивидов составило 350 человек. 270 скелетов принадлежали взрослым людям, 80 – детям. Для данной группы были характерны довольно высокая средняя продолжительность жизни (29,3 лет), низкий процент детской смертности (22,9%), в том числе и в первый год жизни. Первый пик смертности приходился на возрастную когорту 0–5 лет, второй – на возрастную когорту 30–35 лет. В целом можно констатировать феномен относительного демографического благополучия в исследуемой группе.
Abstract This article offers a microhistorical reading of a criminal case of sexual violence in 1908 St Petersburg. It traces the re‐interpretation of underage girls from innocent victims to potential prostitutes and carriers of debauchery and disease. Furthermore, after this case, the perceptions shifted from pitied victim to source of threatening vengeance. This discursive shift took place in newspapers, court procedures but also in charity organisations encountering victims of sexual violence. While vengeance is usually reserved as a trope for framing the actions of adult victims of sexual violence, here it was explicitly applied to underage girls, thereby rendering victims of sexual violence a threat to Russian society.