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Obesity is a highly heritable trait, but rising obesity rates suggest environmental change is also of profound importance. We conducted a cross-cohort analysis to examine how associations between genetic risk for high BMI and observed BMI differed in four British birth cohorts born before and amidst the obesity epidemic (1946, 1958, 1970 and ~2001; N = 19,379). BMI (kg/m2) was measured at multiple time points between ages 3 and 69 years. We used polygenic indices (PGI) derived from GWAS of adulthood and childhood BMI, respectively, with mixed effects models used to estimate associations with mean BMI and quantile regression used to assess associations across the distribution of BMI. We further used linear regression to estimate PGI-heritability (PGI-h2; incremental variance explained by the PGI) and Genomic Relatedness Restricted Maximum Likelihood (GREML) to calculate SNP-heritability (SNP-h2) by cohort and age. Adulthood BMI PGI was associated with BMI in all cohorts and ages but was more strongly associated with BMI in more recently born generations, e.g., at age 16y, a 1 SD increase in the adulthood PGI was associated with 0.46 kg/m2 (0.37, 0.55) higher BMI in the 1946c and 0.90 kg/m2 (0.83, 0.97) higher BMI in the 2001c. Cross-cohort differences widened with age and were larger at the upper end of the BMI distribution, indicating disproportionate increases in obesity in more recent generations for those with higher PGIs. Differences were also observed when using the childhood PGI. There were no clear, consistent differences in PGI-h2 or SNP-h2, possibly due to limited statistical power, except that PGI-h2 was highest in the most recently born cohort (2001c) when using the most predictive PGI for adulthood BMI. Findings highlight how the environment can modify genetic associations; genetic associations with BMI differed by birth cohort, age, and outcome centile.

In the context of novel view synthesis, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently emerged as an efficient and competitive counterpart to Neural Radiance Field (NeRF), enabling high-fidelity photorealistic rendering in real time. Beyond novel view synthesis, the explicit and compact nature of 3DGS enables a wide range of downstream applications that require geometric and semantic understanding. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in 3DGS applications. It first reviews the reconstruction preliminaries of 3DGS, followed by the problem formulation, 2D foundation models, and related NeRF-based research areas that inform downstream 3DGS applications. We then categorize 3DGS applications into three foundational tasks: segmentation, editing, and generation, alongside additional functional applications built upon or tightly coupled with these foundational capabilities. For each, we summarize representative methods, supervision strategies, and learning paradigms, highlighting shared design principles and emerging trends. Commonly used datasets and evaluation protocols are also summarized, along with a comparative analysis of recent methods across public benchmarks. To support ongoing research and development, a continually updated repository of papers, code, and resources is maintained at https://github.com/heshuting555/Awesome-3DGS-Applications.

Recently, supervised machine learning models served as alternatives to humans for scoring open-ended assessments, including employment interviews. More recently, large language models (LLMs) emerged as alternative raters that do not require task-specific training data. However, interview evaluation design considerations have predominantly been conceptualized for human raters, and thus, it is unclear whether the psychometric benefits of interview evaluation best practices generalize to LLM raters. Additionally, LLM raters introduce novel evaluation design decisions that could be psychometrically consequential. We investigated the effects of several LLM rater evaluation practices-specifically, prompt design, model selection, hyperparameters, and number of interviewers-on the LLM interview scores' psychometric properties in two interview data sets. In the first, interviewee Big Five personality traits were evaluated (N = 954). In the second, interviewees' question responses were evaluated on the targeted construct on Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (N = 144). We then investigated the LLM scores' intrarater reliabilities, test-retest correlations, convergent, discriminant, and criterion evidence of validity, group differences, and measurement bias. We compared this evidence, when possible, to the same evidence for human raters and supervised machine learning models. The results suggest that ensembles of larger, newer LLMs using prompts with detailed construct information hold potential for scoring employment interviews with psychometric properties comparable to or superior to supervised machine learning models and single human raters. We detail the reasons that organizations may want to be cautious in adopting LLMs for scoring high-stakes open-ended assessments, but since organizations have already begun adopting them, we also offer best practice recommendations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

In recent years, there has been growing concern over the wellbeing and mental health of medical students in the United States, driven by the academic, personal, and professional challenges inherent in medical school. Recent data indicates that medical students experience higher rates of psychological stress, anxiety, and depression compared to the general population, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating these challenges. Medical student suicide, linked to burnout and depression, highlights the urgent need for effective wellbeing support. Despite the documented barriers to mental wellbeing, such as self-imposed pressures, imposter syndrome, stigma around help-seeking, and financial difficulties, medical student wellbeing programs remain understudied at the structural and design level. This is a multi‑phase qualitative study (sequential-exploratory) that combines a web-based environmental scan and content analysis with key informant interviews and focus groups, using methodological triangulation to develop a framework for evaluating wellbeing programs. First, we will conduct a web-based content analysis of publicly available resources across medical school websites. We will identify key characteristics of wellbeing programs, such as mental health resources, structural well-being components, and culturally integrated approaches. Then, we will conduct key informant interviews with medical school administrative staff to discuss wellbeing programs in detail and hold focus group interviews with medical students to gather their perspectives on how to improve their health and wellbeing. Based on the findings from these three components, we will develop a comprehensive and standardized framework for evaluating medical school wellbeing programs that can be used across institutions. Human Research Ethics Approval was obtained from the NYU Langone Health Institutional Review Board (IRB ID: i25-00965). The content analysis results and qualitative themes extracted from key informant and focus group interviews will be made available to all study participants. They will also be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.

Salmonella Rissen (6,7,14:f,g:-) has recently emerged in Thailand; a high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) has been reported. S. Rissen is a monophasic serotype, lacking phase 1 or phase 2 flagellin, and its biphasic ancestor remains unknown. In this study, pangenome SNP analysis was performed on 119 Salmonella serotypes (i.e., 325 genomes) that share antigens with S. Rissen, including those with the 6,7,14 O antigen, f,g phase 1 flagellin antigen, or the absence of phase 2 antigen, as well as those in closely related clades. Although the biphasic ancestor of S. Rissen was not determined, all 109 Thai S. Rissen isolates belong to S. Rissen lineage A, which shares a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) with another monophasic serotype, S. Oranienburg lineage G; the antigenic formula (6,7,14:m,t:[z57]; [z57]), however, indicates that some rare S. Oranienburg isolates are biphasic. Thai S. Rissen isolates not only lack the phase 2 flagellin gene, fljB, but the entire fljAB-hin region is replaced by a SEN8-like prophage. However, unlike MDR Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant, 4,[5],12:i:- in which AMR genes replace the fljAB-hin region, AMR genes in S. Rissen were detected within the tnsD-silE region in the chromosome, suggesting an alternative AMR hotspot in S. Rissen. This tnsD-silE region was reported as a part of the Tn6777 transposon that can translocate from the S. Rissen chromosome to a plasmid, suggesting mobility of AMR genes in S. Rissen genomes. This study highlights the single emergence and clonal expansion of Thai MDR S. Rissen isolates and the plasticity of S. Rissen genomes.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract and is a problem in developed countries. In particular, clinicians are interested in the extraesophageal manifestations of this disease, and recently, dentists have been studying the erosion of hard dental tissues. This article provides a literature review of scientific papers published over the past 8 years that provide evidence-based experimental and clinical data on the most recent issues related to the prevention of hard dental tissue erosion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The meta-analysis used the resources of the eLibrary search engines, the PubMed website, and the data from the disserCat dissertation abstracts. The purpose of the study was to comprehensively examine the prevention of erosive lesions of hard dental tissues in patients with GERD. It was important to consider this issue from a preventive perspective, as it is often overlooked. Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь (ГЭРБ) — распространенное хроническое заболевание желудочно-кишечного тракта, представляющее собой проблему в экономически развитых странах. В наибольшей степени клиницистов привлекают внепищеводные проявления этого заболевания, а в недавнее время для стоматологов областью исследования по теме стали эрозии твердых тканей зубов. Представлен обзор научных трудов за последние 8 лет, содержащих доказательную экспериментальную и клиническую базу по наиболее современным вопросам профилактики эрозии твердых тканей зубов у пациентов с ГЭРБ. Для метаанализа использованы ресурсы поисковых систем eLibrary, сайта PubMed и данные авторефератов диссертаций disserCat. Эффективная профилактика эрозивного поражения зубов при ГЭРБ не может быть достигнута усилиями лишь одной клинической дисциплины и требует мультифакторного подхода. В целом можно выделить такие ключевые направления, как медикаментозная терапия с учетом коррекции диеты и образа жизни; специализированные стоматологические мероприятия, включающие обучение гигиене рта, повышение резистентности эмали и стимуляцию защитных свойств слюны, а также частые профессиональные осмотры у стоматолога.

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by loss of REM sleep atonia leading to dream enactment behavior. Isolated RBD (iRBD) is a known prodrome of alpha-synuclein pathology including Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Depression is also a common prodromal symptom of PD/DLB, and death by suicide is greater among individuals with PD. Patients with RBD are at greater risk of comorbid depression, but the prevalence of suicidal ideation in this population is unknown. We aim to assess the frequency of suicidal ideation and whether it is associated with autonomic, motor, and cognitive dysfunction in the North American Prodromal Synucleinopathy 2 (NAPS2) consortium. NAPS2 is a longitudinal study that includes measurements of autonomic function (SCOPA-AUT, orthostatic blood pressure), motor function (UPDRS), cognition (MoCA), and suicidal ideation (PHQ-9). We used a linear mixed-effects model, adjusting for age, sex, impulsivity, current carbidopa/levodopa use, and PHQ-9 score, to compare those who endorsed recent suicidal ideation with those who did not. Of 489 total participants, 40 endorsed suicidal ideation at the first visit (22.5% female, mean age 61.5) and 449 denied suicidal ideation (19.4% female, mean age 64.6). Higher PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated with higher SCOPA-AUT scores (+0.566; SE = 0.045; p < 2 &#xd7; 10-16), higher UPDRS II scores (+0.372; SE = 0.03; p < 2 &#xd7; 10-16), higher UPDRS III scores (+0.265; SE = 0.057; p = 3.80 &#xd7; 10-6), and lower MoCA scores (-0.078; SE = 0.021; p = 3 &#xd7; 10-4). The PHQ-9 score was not significantly associated with orthostatic blood pressure drops. Recent suicidal ideation occurred in approximately 1 of 12 patients with iRBD, a prodromal syndrome of PD with an increased risk of death by suicide. Individuals with iRBD who scored higher on PHQ-9 had on average greater autonomic dysfunction on SCOPA-AUT, more motor findings, and greater cognitive deficits. This study establishes that suicidal ideation is common in iRBD and suggests an iRBD phenotype that identifies individuals at high risk of depression and suicide. Future studies should expand on these findings and target interventions to decrease mortality and self-harm.

Protein amyloid fibrils (AFs) have garnered significant attention in the food industry. However, the acid-thermal preparation method has obvious limitations, such as harsh reaction conditions and poor product homogeneity. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize recent research advances in the formation of AFs from various source proteins, with a focus on innovative strategies for optimizing preparation conditions. It also provided an in-depth analysis of the regulatory mechanisms governing the formation of AFs, influenced by environmental factors such as pH, ionic types and strength, heat conditions, and interactions between substances. The kinetic characteristics and morphological evolution of the AFs assembly process were elucidated at the molecular level. The overview of aforementioned formation mechanism lays theoretical foundation for the precise regulation of the functional properties of AFs. Furthermore, thanks to their excellent functional properties, AFs are increasingly applied and play a crucial in fields such as materials science, biomedicine, and food innovation. Therefore, this review presented the latest research trends and application prospects of AFs in these fields. Finally, while comprehensively analyzing the technical advantages, this review also objectively pointed out challenges in recent investigations, including difficulties in large-scale production and insufficient safety assessment, and put suggestions for development suggestions. This review provides valuable theoretical basis and technical reference for the efficient preparation of AFs from edible proteins through modification or environmental regulation strategies. It also holds its significant research value and broad application potential in the development of novel functional materials, personalized food products, and related fields.

GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12 form a subfamily of Class A orphan G protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs), for which endogenous ligands have not been identified. Despite their high sequence similarity, each receptor exhibits unique expression profiles in human tissues. Their physiological roles and therapeutic potential are gradually being understood, indicating their critical involvement in various diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Notably, the GPR6 inverse agonist CVN424 is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The recent determination of high-resolution structures of GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12 has significantly enhanced their attractiveness as emerging therapeutic targets for drug discovery. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12. We further highlight recent progress in relevant ligand discovery and discuss the key challenges and opportunities in developing potent and selective modulators targeting these orphan receptors.

Female orgasmic disorder represents a significant, yet underrecognized aspect of women's sexual health that affects 10-28% of women and is characterized by persistent difficulty or absence of orgasm after adequate sexual stimulation. It remains poorly understood and infrequently addressed in clinical practice. The female orgasm involves complex neurobiological, vascular, hormonal, and psychosocial mechanisms, with the clitoris serving as the primary anatomical structure for orgasmic response. The orgasm gap, which refers to disparities in orgasm frequency between men and women, signifies biological and sociocultural factors that contribute to this condition. Recent research has identified interoceptive awareness, cognitive-affective factors, and the partner's gender expectations as important contributors to orgasmic function. Evaluation requires comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment that includes detailed sexual history, physical examination with attention to clitoral anatomy and pelvic floor function, and selective laboratory testing. Although no pharmacologic treatments approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration exist specifically for female orgasmic disorder, there are effective treatment options and management of these treatment options should be individualized. Future research directions include the standardization of diagnostic tools such as clitoral blood flow assessment and quantitative sensory testing, development of targeted pharmacologic interventions, and improvement of clinical education on female sexual anatomy and function. This review synthesizes current evidence on female orgasmic disorder to provide clinicians with practical strategies for diagnosis and management.

As a leading cause of worldwide mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is progressive and irreversible, leading to significant challenges with disease management and treatment. This is further complicated by the heterogenous nature of COPD, which is represented by the multiple endotypes that have variable responses to available treatments, thereby negating the one-size-fits-all approach. While recent clinical studies describe the effectiveness of existing therapies, further investigation is required to align COPD endotypes with the appropriate treatment options. In this review, we discuss the known biomarkers pertaining to both direct and indirect measures of the inflammatory milieu and structural abnormalities in COPD. Combined use of conventional anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator treatments provide some symptomatic relief by reducing exacerbation frequency, however, for some patients, long-term corticosteroid use can increase the risk developing pneumonia and subsequent mortality. Biologics are at the forefront of emerging therapies for COPD, which shifts the target from widespread airway inflammation to pinpoint precise inflammatory markers involved in pathophysiological mechanisms of COPD. Identifying reliable airway-derived biomarkers in COPD will drive the development of therapies that can facilitate a precision medicine approach for patients with COPD.

Ferroelectric materials with switchable spontaneous polarization underpin non-volatile memories, transistors, sensors, and emerging neuromorphic chips. Their performance and stability are governed by polarization dynamics and domain kinetics, making a microscopic understanding of these processes and precise atomic-level control of polarization domains key challenges for next generation ferroelectric electronics. Due to the limitations of the characterization technology with atomic-level in experiment, high-precision atomic simulations become important. First-principles calculations are inherently limited in accessible length and time scales, making it difficult to capture the complex features of dynamic processes. Machine-learning molecular dynamics (MLMD) offers a compelling solution by encoding quantum-mechanical accuracy into force fields, thereby enabling large-scale dynamic simulations with near first-principles fidelity. This Perspective highlights the advantages of MLMD for simulating polarization switching, domain nucleation and migration, topological polar textures and curvature-driven ferroelectric phenomena, while providing a systematic overview of recent progress in these areas. We further discuss methodological challenges that limit predictive capability, including long-range electrostatics, coupled lattice-spin degrees of freedom in multiferroics, and data-efficient pre-training of large atomistic models. Corresponding advances in long-range-aware force fields, spin-dependent machine-learning models, and large-scale pre-training are expected to move MLMD toward a genuinely predictive framework for the design of ferroelectric and multiferroic materials.

Recent studies reveal high rates of dental issues among professional soccer players, worsened by poor hygiene, frequent sport drinks consumption and limited preventive care. Busy schedules, frequent relocations and changing clubs further disrupt dental routines, impacting performance and well-being. Therefore, we decided to assess the oral health status of professional Slovak soccer players and address these critical concerns. We assessed the oral health of 51 male soccer players from two elite Slovak soccer clubs during 2023/2024 season. Data collection included two paper-based questionnaires and a clinical oral examination by dentists. Additionally, clinical laboratory data were collected from saliva to test for presence of periopathogenic bacteria and DNA polymorphisms. Although 92.2% had valid health insurance, 36% did not attend dental check-ups in the past year, indicating underutilization of preventive care. While 86.2% brushed their teeth more than twice daily, only 48% practiced interdental cleaning and 35.3% used mouthwash. A significant 83.7% consumed sports drinks high in sugar and acid, influencing oral health risks. Clinical examinations revealed that 86.3% had a moderate to high DMF index (mean decayed teeth: 3.8) and 54.9% exhibited gingivitis. Bacterial analyses showed 25.5-74.5% carried highly periopathogenic bacteria, indicating a high risk for periodontitis. Additionally, 15.7% of players exhibited presence of DNA polymorphisms associated with risk of periodontitis onset. This study reveals a gap in preventive dental care among professional soccer players, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated oral health strategies within sports programs.

The maturation and infectivity of orthoflaviviruses is driven by interactions and structural changes of the two envelope proteins, prM and E, which are controlled by protonation and deprotonation events during the viral life cycle when the virus encounters acidic and neutral pH environments inside and outside the cell. Histidine residues act as sensors for these pH-induced conformational transitions, which differ between mosquito-borne and tick-borne orthoflaviviruses in some aspects. We identified six histidine residues that are conserved among the envelope proteins of mammalian tick-borne orthoflaviviruses, but not among those of mosquito-borne orthoflaviviruses. These residues might account for some of the structural differences observed between these two orthoflavivirus groups. We therefore conducted a mutational analysis by replacing each of the conserved histidine residues with alanine and determined the effect of these mutations on the maturation and infectivity of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). One of the histidine residues (H208, located in an insert unique to mammalian tick-borne orthoflaviviruses at the prM-binding site in E) was shown to be an important determinant of efficient prM cleavage. In line with recent findings regarding the infectivity of immature tick-borne orthoflaviviruses, this mutant was only slightly less infectious than the mature wild-type virus. The presence of histidine residue 208 appears to be linked to the particular requirements of the complex ecological life cycle of TBEV and likely reflects an evolutionary adaptation to the specific interactions of the virus with mammalian hosts and/or tick vectors.

Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows in other parts of the body. It affects roughly 1 in 10 women of reproductive age, often causing severe pelvic pain and infertility. Despite how common it is, patients frequently wait nearly a decade for an accurate diagnosis, and current treatments often rely on trial and error rather than targeted science. This review simplifies the complex biologic "blueprint" of the disease to explain why it behaves the way it does. Recent research shows that endometriosis is more than a one-dimensional hormonal imbalance; it involves several key biologic factors, including genetic drivers, hormonal status, and physical changes such as neuroangiogenesis or fibrosis. Currently, no simple laboratory test or biomarker can predict how the disease will progress, largely because of the heterogeneity and small, retrospective nature of studies. To move toward personalized medicine, larger, more diverse studies that connect each patient's specific genetic profile to their symptoms and disease phenotype are needed. By mapping these molecular details, we can progress toward faster diagnoses, tailored care to each individual's disease burden, and recurrence risk stratification and surgical planning based on molecular characteristics.

Understanding the cognitive and biomechanical foundations of early hominin tool use represents a central focus in human evolutionary research. Although interdisciplinary work on early lithic technologies has explored each of these aspects separately, few experimental approaches have directly examined the interaction between neural and muscular systems during stone tool use. This study adopts a recently developed interdisciplinary approach to explore the impact of cumulative tool-related expertise (practical "know-how") on the dynamic brain-body interplay required for efficient early hominin stone tool use. Our experimental design compares Experts (with extensive practical knapping experience), Intermediates (with only theoretical knowledge), and Novices (with neither) performing two of the earliest known stone tool behaviors in the fossil record: hammerstone nut-cracking and Oldowan-style flake cutting. Using simultaneous electroencephalographic and electromyographic recordings, we analyzed neural activity in the left-frontal, premotor/motor, and left-parietal cortices alongside selective muscular activation in the hands and forearms. Our findings show that, during flake cutting, Experts display distinct beta-band neural activity in the left frontal and premotor/motor regions, and to a lesser extent in the left parietal region, accompanied by overall reduced muscular activation. In the nut-cracking task, Experts show reduced muscular effort and slightly elevated premotor/motor involvement, though to a much lesser degree. Importantly, Experts also present significant neural differences between the two tasks, suggesting task-specific cognitive strategies related to motor planning and coordination. In contrast, Novice participants demonstrate greater reliance on higher muscular effort and left-lateralized parietal regions, likely reflecting increased engagement of visuospatial processing and understanding tool function and mechanical knowledge. Altogether, these findings provide critical insights into the brain-hand interplay required for humanlike early stone tool use and highlight cumulative practical knowledge ("know-how") as a decisive factor of neuromechanical efficiency in early hominin technological behavior. They also encourage future experimental research on increased sample sizes to adopt integrated methods that jointly consider neural and muscular dynamics.

Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.) is a native shrub that is widely found across North America and is a host of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni' associated with X-disease of stone fruits. This pathogen is of major concern to U.S. cherry and peach growers, with the most recent and ongoing outbreak in the Pacific Northwest causing major economic harm. To investigate the role of chokecherry as a potential reservoir and source of orchard-associated strains, we surveyed wild chokecherry trees across 12 U.S. states, and compared the strains present to those in commercially cultivated Prunus species. Approximately 47% of chokecherry sampled tested positive for a 'Ca. P. pruni'-related strain and phylogenetic analysis revealed high strain diversity, including six distinct clades and four newly identified lineages. In contrast, 'Ca. P. pruni' strains isolated from cultivated cherry and peach trees exhibited lower diversity and were infected by known disease outbreak-associated strains such as NWX. These data suggest limited transmission between wild and cultivated hosts in the western U.S., with patterns indicating spillover from orchards into nearby chokecherry populations rather than the reverse. However, in states east of the Rocky Mountains, chokecherry likely functions as a reservoir for orchard infections.

The complex interdependence between cancer and diabetes has become a major subject of research in molecular medicine since multiple data points indicate that these two conditions have some molecular processes and regulatory pathways in common. The complex relationship between epigenetic and genetic modifications linking these two prevalent diseases was explored in this comprehensive study. Molecular fingerprints such as abnormal DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA dysregulation have become known in recent times as a result of breakthroughs in the multi-omics technology. We systematically analyze the prevalent risk factors such as obesity, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress that cause these two diseases through various yet similar biological processes. Particular emphasis is put on such important signaling pathways as insulin/IGF, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and AMPK cascades that are fundamental in both diseases. We also provide an overview of new technologies that can enhance our knowledge of the molecular etiology of these diseases, such as single-cell sequencing and artificial intelligence. These observations are evaluated clinically from the perspective of biomarkers discovery, therapeutic targeting, and personalized medicine modalities. Lastly, we discuss future research for this study and future potential therapies based on the focus on similar biological pathways. This review offers insightful commentary on the field of cancer and diabetes intersection that can help to create more rational treatment regimens for both diseases.

The Halda River-Bangladesh's only natural breeding ground for major carps and a vital freshwater resource is undergoing alarming deterioration in water quality. This study assessed its ecological condition by applying seven Water Quality Indices (WQIs): Weighted Arithmetic, British Columbia, Canadian, Malaysian, Oregon, Assigned, and the recently developed Method of the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC-WQI). To record the seasonal and regional changes, surface water samples were collected during both dry and wet seasons. It has been observed that the respective values of several important parameters like turbidity, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD&#x2085;), and dissolved oxygen (DO), often exceeded national reference limits or guidelines. The deduced water quality index (WQI) scores ranged from 25 to 45, which categorized the river water as 'poor' to 'very poor'. The water quality shows more deterioration during the dry season, which might be related to the reduction of water flow, industrial discharges, etc. Overall, the uses of various WQI techniques help to obtain a comprehensive and comparative assessment of river health. This study indicates a non-negligible man made stress on the Halda River ecosystem, and it recommends to implement a comprehensive pollution control strategies and viable watershed management to protect the River's ecological balance.