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Dynamic monitoring is a well-established technique used to gain information on the global health of constructions. In particular, ambient vibration tests have achieved important results in the dynamic characterization of modal parameters. Several techniques and instrumentations are currently available, however the accuracy of these results is often unquestioned. The mutual validation between different modal analysis techniques is an important procedure to assess the reliability of the results. In the present paper the ambient vibration tests performed on the so-called ‘Temple of Minerva Medica’ in Rome considering different techniques and instrumentations will be described and compared. While it is referred to as the Temple of Minerva Medica, the structure is actually a ruined decagonal nymphaeum in opus latericium that dates to the 4th century AD. Today, the construction is located between the main central train station (Roma Termini) and the local tram way. Ambient vibration data were acquired during different campaigns [1] to characterize the effects of the vibrations and the modal parameters of the structure. This work deals with the data collected on the 11th of July 2019 within the project “Tecnologie per il miglioramento della Sicurezza e la ricostruzione dei centri Storici in area sismica” coordinated by DTC Lazio (Distretto Tecnologico beni e attività culturali). The instrumentation comprised of several seismographs equipped with triaxial velocimeters and piezoelectric accelerometers. A variety of techniques were applied to process the acquired vibration data in order to extract the modal parameters of the studied structure including PolyMAX, FDD, EFDD, CC-SSI, HVSR and FRF. Comparison of the modal parameters obtained by each different technique was considered to provide indications on the reliability of the instruments.

A comprehensive study was carried out to integrate information from different sources and evaluate the effects of induced vibrations on a temple. Historical analysis was fundamental to interpreting the evolution of the construction and defining the HBIM. Experimental data were implemented in the FEM of the site, including the temple, its foundations, and the soil stratifications. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the most influential parameters, which were calibrated to reduce error with the experimental frequencies. The FEM was further optimized with the Douglas–Reid method, considering, simultaneously, modal frequencies and deformations. Two different nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed; one analysis studied the effect on the temple of the dynamically moving load of the tram, and the other analysis studied the response of the temple to three-dimensional accelerations applied at the base. The drawbacks of each simulation were identified by comparing the numerical and experimental results.

In via Giolitti sull'Esquilino svetta ancora, bench soffocato dalla brutta edilizia circostante, l'imponente edificio a pianta decagonale polilobata, che a partire dal '500 comunemente noto come "Tempio di Minerva Medica", per l'errata indicazione di provenienza di una statua di "Minerva con dracone" dovuta a Pirro Ligorio.Attribuzioni egualmente fantasiose vi riconoscevano il Tempio di Caio e Lucio (Cesari) o di Ercole Callaico, da cui deriva la corruzione popolare del toponimo in "Le Galluzze".Si tratta in realt di un'aula monumentale, che si ritiene tradizionalmente realizzata in due fasi nei primi decenni del IV secolo d.C. in un'area presumibilmente appartenuta, nel secolo precedente, all'imperatore Gallieno (Horti Liciniani), anche se l'ipotesi della pertinenza a questa propriet imperiale stata recentemente messa in discussione 1 .Le imponenti dimensioni -un diametro di 25 m. per un'altezza massima della cupola pari a 32 m, oggi ridotti a circa 24 -ne hanno fatto uno dei monumenti pi significativi delle vedute di Roma, fino agli sconvolgimenti dell'et moderna che, in connessione con la riedificazione dell'Esquilino, hanno costretto il monumento tra i binari della Stazione Termini e l'edilizia popolare del quartiere umbertino.L'ardita costruzione propone stilemi architettonici caratteristici dell'epoca tardo-antica: un'amplissima cupolaterza a Roma dopo il Pantheon e le Teme di Caracalla -illuminata e alleggerita da finestroni, che assume progressivamente e armoniosamente una forma da poligonale ad emisferica; una fitta e regolare opera laterizia; nicchie semicircolari presenti in tutti i lati del decagono, ad eccezione dell'ingresso; pilastri con funzione di contrafforti.Lo spazio risulta dilatato all'interno ed articolato all'esterno grazie alle profonde nicchie presenti su nove lati, disposte simmetricamente e sovrastate da grandi finestre arcuate; l'elemento architettonico tradizionale, rappresentato dalle colonne trabeate, era probabilmente presente nei quattro nicchioni disposti sull'asse trasversale dell'edificio e forse all'ingresso.E' degna di nota la brillante soluzione statica escogitata dall'architetto, che utilizz come struttura portante a sostegno della cupola dieci contrafforti posti ai vertici del tamburo decagonale raccordati ai pilastri e alle murature delle nicchie, su cui scaricano il peso della calotta (figg.2a, 2b).

The article explores how, when and why Pirro Ligorio ( c. 1513–83) chose to link a sanctuary dedicated to Minerva Medica, listed in the fourth-century ad Regionary Catalogues of the monuments of Rome as being on the Esquiline, with the late antique decagonal pavilion, near Termini, which had the second largest dome in Rome after the Pantheon. It establishes that the catalyst was the unearthing of several statues, including one of Minerva, in 1552. The fate of these finds is examined, as well as Ligorio's attempt to locate the mysterious Schola Medicorum on the same site.

The coexistence of modern transport systems with the presence of cultural heritage sites in urban environments is a very crucial issue in sustainable city planning. In particular, in the historic centre of cities with plenty of scattered archaeological sites, such as Rome, urban traffic vibrations must be monitored to assure the conservation of ancient monuments. In fact, cultural heritage sites may suffer from traffic vibration impact in terms of aesthetical damages even in cases in which the structural health is not compromised. In such context, the present paper focuses on the impact of traffic vibrations induced on two monuments studied within the CO.B.RA. project (aiming at developing advanced technologies and methods for the conservation of cultural heritage). The so-called Temple of Minerva Medica and the Catacomb of Priscilla are exposed to different types of traffic vibration sources and are characterized by different structural conditions. Besides the ambient vibration monitoring, several non-destructive tests (NDTs) and noncontact investigations were conducted at the two sites in order to study the state of damage and the structural conditions of the two monuments. In particular, the ambient vibration monitoring gave remarkably different outcomes in these two cases and provided objective data for interesting observations on the sustainability of tramways, railways and road traffic near such diverse archaeological assets.

The building, known as the Temple of Minerva Medica, dates back to the 4th century A.D. The building presents different critical aspects: first of all the monumental pillars rest on pre-existing archaeological sites and inhomogeneous layers of soils, moreover the integrity of the structure is endangered by severe vibrations induced by the frequent transit of the nearby trains and the local tramway. Due to the instabil- ity of the surviving portion of the dome (the main part collapsed in 1828), there were commissioned in 2012 by the “Soprintendenza Spe- ciale Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio di Roma” relevant restora- tion and consolidation interventions. These works restored the majesty and reliability of this monument that is undervalued and often forgot- ten. Onsite testing gained a fundamental role in the identification of the construction, in particular, Ambient Vibration Test (AVT) pro- vides global information on the overall dynamic characteristics of the structures. This paper, through the case study of the Temple of Miner- va Medica, aims to prove the reliability of Operational Modal Analy- sis (OMA) in the identification of the dynamic behaviour of a large masonry building (natural frequencies, modal damping and modal de- formations). Two sets of measurements were recorded by the laborato- ry of Proof testing and Research on Structures and Material (PRiSMa) of the “Dipartimento di Architettura” of Roma Tre University. A rea- sonable number of accelerometers, were suitably positioned and the dynamic response of the structure to wind and the surrounding traffic was recorded; the measurements of the two halves of the temple were processed and later merged through the Multi-Run technique in order to identify the dynamic behaviour of the entire structure.

In the present paper an integrated approach of a wide range of non-destructive tests (NDTs) was applied to study an archeological ruined building located in Rome, the so-called Temple of Minerva Medica. Applied NDTs focused on the monument properties and environmental conditions affecting its structural behavior (geometry, thermal and mechanical properties, microclimatic monitoring, ambient vibration response). Two surveys were performed in August and December 2016 combining 3D laser scanning, thermal infrared, air temperature and relative humidity acquisitions. In addition, high resolution digital images were acquired and processed by stereo-photogrammetry Structure from Motion (SfM) methodology, carried out for detailed reconstruction of the crack pattern of the monument. In order to obtain information on the integrity and consistency of the masonry, a sonic testing of each pillar was also performed. The integration of the above NDTs provided quite complete and comprehensive understanding of the structural behavior and state of the building, reducing the amount of invasive measurements further needed.

The impact of long-term traffic vibration on ancient structures located in the city centre of big cities is an important issue, as it represents the main factor of fatigue, possibly causing structural damage in historic constructions. This article illustrates the preliminary results of a study on the so-called Temple of Minerva Medica in Rome, Italy, conducted within the CO.B.RA. project, which focuses on the development of advanced technologies and methods for the conservation of cultural heritage assets. The studied monument, which is part of the architectural heritage of ancient Rome, is located very close to several railway tracks just out of the Termini train station, on the north-east side, and to urban tramways, on the west side.

The Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry is a remote sensing technique to acquire deformation velocity and displacement time-series of large territorial areas. The aim of this work is to develop operational methodologies that allow to assess the structures conservation state by integrating information from traditional monitoring systems with the remote sensing application, in order to monitor permanently structures and infrastructure with a historical relevance and developing specific maintenance programs. It is verified that this processing technique is an adequate tool, even in real-time, to monitor any damage or potential critical issues in the case of exceptional events such as earthquakes or landslides. The case study is the Temple of Minerva Medica in Rome, a masonry building characterized by an important historical-artistic value. The data-analysis shows as the use of satellite monitoring can be a valid tool for the structural safety, allowing to identify a vulnerability map of archaeological sites and historical buildings. The data interferometric processing was carried out using a Graphic Information System (GIS) software.

Historical monuments in the urban environment are affected by anthropic vibrations, therefore the health monitoring of those structures is mandatory. The frequency domain analysis is the standard procedure to infer the presence of damages, but usually it requires expensive equipment, time consuming elaborations, trained personnel. Moreover, especially if the monument to be investigated is a large building, many devices are necessary. In order to face all these difficulties, we propose the recently developed motion magnification methodology. It is based on a processing procedure that plays the role of a microscope for slight motions within a video. In recent years, experimental studies explored this methodology applied to simple geometries, demonstrating its potentialities and reliability thorough comparison with conventional and accurate vibration instruments, such as accelerometers and lasers. However, the study of large ancient monuments is lacking. Our case-study, the so-called Temple of Minerva Medica located between the railway tracks and a tramway in the center of Rome, intends to fill the gap.

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due parti. Nella prima, dopo un capitolo dedicato alia storia del favismo, gli AA. ne descrivono la distribuzione geografica in Italia e nel mondo. Le regioni piu colpite, in Italia, sono la Sicilia e soprattutto la Sardegna, ma la malattia compare in molte altre zone. Singolare e la coincidenza fra la distribuzione geografica del favismo e quella della microcitemia, ma essa sembra del tutto casuale.

This release addresses some bugs discovered after the 0.7.1 release, builds against the ParaView 5.0.0 release, and several new features were added including accelerated contours using a multithreaded algorithm, color maps were added from matplotlib, orthographic or perspective projection, editing of slice offsets, C++ operators were integrated better into the data operation pipeline, and other minor updates.

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