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No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 2002Intracavitary bacillus calmette-guerin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors A. Morales, D. Eidinger, and A.W. Bruce A. MoralesA. Morales Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada , D. EidingerD. Eidinger Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada , and A.W. BruceA.W. Bruce Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(02)80294-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumors have been treated by vesical and intradermal administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The pattern of recurrence in 9 patients has been altered favorably. Although the findings are still preliminary they appear to hold promise of a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of a group of neoplasms for which effective therapy is still lacking. References 1. : Thiotepa bladder instillations: therapy and prophylaxis for superficial bladder tumors. J. Urol.1969; 101: 711. Google Scholar 2. : The management of superficial bladder tumors with intravesical epodyl. Brit. J. Urol.1973; 45: 84. Google Scholar 3. : Treatment of multiple superficial papillary tumors of the bladder by intracavitary yttrium-90. J. Urol.1975; 113: 480. Link, Google Scholar 4. : Immune response to urinary bladder tumours in man. Int. J. Cancer1970; 5: 39. Google Scholar 5. : Correlation among host immunocompetence and tumor stage, tumor grade and vascular permeation in transitional carcinoma. J. Urol.1973; 110: 526. Link, Google Scholar 6. : Immunotherapy of guinea pig cancer with BCG. Cancer1974; 34: 1532. Google Scholar 7. : Surface markers on human T and B lymphocytes. I. A large population of lymphocyte forming nonimmune rosettes with sheep red blood cells. J. Exp. Med.1973; 136: 207. Google Scholar 8. : Increased cytolytic activity of a subcellular fraction from mouse liver after B.C.G. injection. Lancet1973; 2: 1476. Google Scholar 9. : BCG stimulation of immune responsiveness in patients with malignant melanoma. Cancer1973; 32: 321. Google Scholar 10. : Results of administering B.C.G. to patients with melanoma. Lancet1974; 2: 1096. Google Scholar 11. : Chemoimmunotherapy for cancer of the head and neck. Amer. J. Surg.1973; 126: 507. Google Scholar 12. : Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the kidney. J. Urol.1976; 115: 37. Google Scholar 13. : The effects of BCG on the dog bladder. Invest. Urol.1975; 12: 423. Google Scholar 14. : Histopathology of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG)-mediated tumor regression. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr.1972; 35: 345. Google Scholar 15. : Cell-mediated immunity to human tumors. Abrogation by serum factors and nonspecific effects of oral BCG therapy. Arch. Surg.1973; 107: 261. Google Scholar 16. : Immune reactivity in renal cancer a sequential study. J. Urol.1976; 115: 510. Link, Google Scholar 17. : Peripheral lymphocyte counts in breast carcinoma. An index of immune competence. Cancer1974; 34: 2014. Google Scholar © 2002 by American Urological Association, IncFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDeb A, Wilson S, Rove K, Kumar B, Koul S, Lim D, Meacham R and Koul H (2011) Potentiation of Mitomycin C Tumoricidal Activity for Transitional Cell Carcinoma by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors In Vitro [RETRACTED]Journal of Urology, VOL. 186, NO. 6, (2426-2433), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2011.DOVEDI S, KIRBY J, ATKINS H, DAVIES B and KELLY J (2018) CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITION: A POTENTIAL MECHANISM FOR INCREASING THE EFFICACY OF BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR BLADDER CANCERJournal of Urology, VOL. 174, NO. 1, (332-337), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2005. Volume 167Issue 2 Part 2February 2002Page: 891-894 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, IncMetricsAuthor Information A. Morales Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Current address: Laboratory of Immunodiagnosis, Building 8, Room 118, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014. More articles by this author D. Eidinger Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada More articles by this author A.W. Bruce Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Journal Article Electron Microscopy in the Rapid Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus: Ultrastructural Observation and Comparison of Methods of Diagnosis Get access Serge Montplaisir, Serge Montplaisir From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and the Laboratory of Virology, St. Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Serge Belloncik, Serge Belloncik From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and the Laboratory of Virology, St. Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nicole P. Leduc, Nicole P. Leduc From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and the Laboratory of Virology, St. Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patrick A. Onji, Patrick A. Onji From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and the Laboratory of Virology, St. Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernard Martineau, Bernard Martineau From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and the Laboratory of Virology, St. Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edouard Kurstak Edouard Kurstak From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and the Laboratory of Virology, St. Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 125, Issue 5, May 1972, Pages 533–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/125.5.533 Published: 01 May 1972 Article history Received: 09 September 1971 Revision received: 13 December 1971 Published: 01 May 1972

Journal Article Efficacy of Five Years of Continuous, Low-Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infection Get access Lindsay E. Nicolle, Lindsay E. Nicolle Departments of Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Please address requests for reprints to Dr. L. E. Nicolle, Health Sciences Centre, MS675D, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Godfrey K. M. Harding, Godfrey K. M. Harding Departments of Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret Thomson, Margaret Thomson Departments of Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James Kennedy, James Kennedy Departments of Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara Urias, Barbara Urias Departments of Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Allan R. Ronald Allan R. Ronald Departments of Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 6, June 1988, Pages 1239–1242, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.6.1239 Published: 01 June 1988 Article history Received: 29 September 1987 Revision received: 29 December 1987 Published: 01 June 1988

UNLABELLED: When considering how people are infected and what can be done to prevent the infections, answers from many disciplines are sought: microbiology, epidemiology, medicine, engineering, and physics. There are many pathways to infection spread, and among the most significant from the epidemiological point of view is airborne transport. Microorganisms can become airborne when droplets are generated during speech, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, or atomization of feces during sewage removal. The fate of the droplets is governed by the physical principles of transport, with droplet size being the most important factor affecting their dispersion, deposition on surfaces and determining the survival of microorganisms within the droplets. In addition, physical characteristics of the indoor environment as well as the design and operation of building ventilation systems are of critical importance. Do we understand the mechanisms of infection spread and can we quantify the droplet dynamics under various indoor conditions? Unfortunately no, as this aspect of infection spread has attracted surprisingly little scientific interest. However, investigations of numerous cases in which a large number of people were infected show how critical the physics of microorganism spread can be. This paper reviews the state of knowledge regarding mechanisms of droplet spread and solutions available to minimize the spread and prevent infections. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Every day tens of millions of people worldwide suffer from viral infections of different severity at immense economic cost. There is, however, only minimal understanding of the dynamics of virus-laden aerosols, and so the ability to control and prevent virus spread is severely reduced, as was clearly demonstrated during the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. This paper proposes the direction to significantly advance fundamental and applied knowledge of the pathways of viral infection spread in indoor atmospheric systems, through a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach and application of state-of-the-art scientific methods. Knowledge gained will have the potential to bring unprecedented economical gains worldwide by minimizing/reducing the spread of disease.

Journal Article Epidemiology of Sporadic Diarrhea Due to Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli: A Two-Year Prospective Study Get access Chik H. Pai, Chik H. Pai Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Alberta Children's Hospital, and Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Alberta; and the National Enteric Reference Centre, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Please address requests for reprints to Dr. C. H. Pai, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nimet Ahmed, Nimet Ahmed Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Alberta Children's Hospital, and Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Alberta; and the National Enteric Reference Centre, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hermy Lior, Hermy Lior Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Alberta Children's Hospital, and Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Alberta; and the National Enteric Reference Centre, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wendy M. Johnson, Wendy M. Johnson Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Alberta Children's Hospital, and Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Alberta; and the National Enteric Reference Centre, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harry V. Sims, Harry V. Sims Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Alberta Children's Hospital, and Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Alberta; and the National Enteric Reference Centre, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald E. Woods Donald E. Woods Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Alberta Children's Hospital, and Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Alberta; and the National Enteric Reference Centre, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 5, May 1988, Pages 1054–1057, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.5.1054 Published: 01 May 1988 Article history Received: 05 August 1987 Revision received: 07 December 1987 Published: 01 May 1988

Research Article| March 01 2009 Assessment of rainwater quality from rainwater harvesting systems in Ontario, Canada Christopher Despins; Christopher Despins 1School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 x.53832 Fax: +1-519-836-0227; E-mail: cdespins@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Khosrow Farahbakhsh; Khosrow Farahbakhsh 1School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Chantelle Leidl Chantelle Leidl 1School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2009) 58 (2): 117–134. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2009.013 Article history Received: February 05 2008 Accepted: June 20 2008 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Christopher Despins, Khosrow Farahbakhsh, Chantelle Leidl; Assessment of rainwater quality from rainwater harvesting systems in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 March 2009; 58 (2): 117–134. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2009.013 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Rainwater samples were collected from rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems at seven sites located in a 30 km radius around the City of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. From October 2006 to October 2007, a total of 360 samples were collected from two sampling locations—the rainwater cistern and at the point of use—and analysed for pH, turbidity, colour, total and fecal coliforms, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and UV absorbance (254 nm). Additional parameters, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, total metals, Campylobacter and Legionella were examined in selected samples. Following data collection, statistical analysis was performed to investigate the factors that influenced rainwater quality. The results of the quality assessment programme were largely consistent with those reported by several other researchers, with the exception of improved microbiological quality during periods of cold weather. Total and fecal coliforms were detected in 31% and 13% of the rainwater samples, respectively, while neither Campylobacter nor Legionella were detected above 1 CFU/100 ml detection limits. The results indicate that, while quality can be expected to vary with environmental conditions, the rainwater from a RWH system can be of consistently high quality through the selection of appropriate catchment and storage materials and the application of post-cistern treatment. cistern, point-of-use, rainwater harvesting, water quality This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 2009 You do not currently have access to this content.

Journal Article Summary of the International Symposium and Workshop on Infections Due to Verocytotoxin (Shiga-Like Toxin)-Producing Escherichia coli Get access Robert Edelman, Robert Edelman Clinical and Epidemiological Studies Branch and the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Microbiology, University of Toronto, and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Robert Edelman, Building 31, Room 7A52, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mohamed A. Karmali, Mohamed A. Karmali Clinical and Epidemiological Studies Branch and the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Microbiology, University of Toronto, and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter A. Fleming Peter A. Fleming Clinical and Epidemiological Studies Branch and the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Microbiology, University of Toronto, and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 5, May 1988, Pages 1102–1104, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.5.1102 Published: 01 May 1988 Article history Received: 19 October 1987 Revision received: 30 November 1987 Published: 01 May 1988

Journal Article Isolation of Francisella Tularensis and Powassan Virus from Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Ontario, Canada Get access H. Artsob, H. Artsob 2National Arbovirus Reference Service, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Spence, L. Spence 2National Arbovirus Reference Service, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Surgeoner, G. Surgeoner 3Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. McCreadie, J. McCreadie 3Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Thorsen, J. Thorsen 4Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Th'ng, C. Th'ng 2National Arbovirus Reference Service, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. Lampotang V. Lampotang 2National Arbovirus Reference Service, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 21, Issue 2, 30 March 1984, Pages 165–168, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/21.2.165 Published: 30 March 1984

Journal Article Strain-Dependent Differences in Susceptibility of Mice to Experimental Candidosis Gabriel Marquis, Gabriel Marquis Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Serge Montplaisir, Serge Montplaisir Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Serge Montplaisir, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, P. O. Box 6128, Station A, Montreal, Canada H3C 317. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Micheline Pelletier, Micheline Pelletier Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Serge Mousseau, Serge Mousseau Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pierre Auger Pierre Auger Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 154, Issue 5, November 1986, Pages 906–909, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/154.5.906 Published: 01 November 1986 Article history Received: 24 January 1986 Revision received: 03 June 1986 Published: 01 November 1986

Studies on the potential role of infectious agents in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been published over the years in a variety of journals. The aim of this special issue of FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology is to bring together a group of the most recent studies from Europe, Australia and Canada which cover epidemiology and laboratory studies examining hypotheses relating to infection and inflammation in SIDS. The articles in this issue examine evidence for the involvement of specific micro-organisms in SIDS and the problems relating to experimental studies on infection in relation to the underlying pathology of these deaths. There is an update on the evidence for the common bacterial hypothesis proposed in 1987 examining risk factors identified in epidemiological studies, particularly how the prone sleeping position could affect bacterial colonisation or induction of toxins. Evidence for induction of inflammatory responses in SIDS infants is reviewed and the relation of these responses to mechanisms proposed as causes of death assessed. Factors found to be associated with reduction of the risk of SIDS (breast feeding and immunisation) are examined in relation to some of the toxigenic bacteria implicated in these deaths. Finally, the high incidence of SIDS in some ethnic groups is examined as a potential model to investigate the contributions of genetic, environmental and cultural differences to susceptibility of infants not only to SIDS but to serious respiratory tract infections.

Journal Article Failure of Parenteral Metronidazole in the Treatment of Pseudomembranous Colitis Get access R. Guzman, R. Guzman Departments of Surgery, Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Kirkpatrick, J. Kirkpatrick Departments of Surgery, Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Forward, K. Forward Departments of Surgery, Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Please address requests for reprints to Dr. K. Forward, Division of Clinical Microbiology, St. Boniface General Hospital, 409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Lim F. Lim Departments of Surgery, Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 5, November 1988, Page 1146, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.5.1146 Published: 01 November 1988

Thiophenes, a class of polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC), which contain a sulfur in one of the rings, are components of petroleum. The Erika oil spill (December 1999) impacted 400 km of Atlantic French coast. The Erika fuel is an heavy fuel containing 3–4% sulfur and sulfur compounds such as thiophenes. It has been reported that water and sediments were contaminated by dibenzothiophene (DBT). Analysis of DNA adducts in fish liver and mussel digestive gland, living in sites impacted by Erika oil spill, has revealed DNA adduct pattern different from a classical PAH contamination. Few studies report biological activities of thiophenes in the environment (1 Kropp, K. G. and Fedorak, P. M. 1998. A Review of the Occurrence, Toxicity, and Biodegradation of Condensed Thiophenes Found in Petroleum. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 44: 605–622. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). In this study, we have analyzed the cytotoxicity and the genotoxicity of six thiophenes [benzo(b)]thiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzo(b)naphtha(2,1-d)thiophene (BNT), 6-methylbenzo(b)naphtha(2,1-d)thiophene (6-CH3BNT), dinaptho(2,1-b;1′,2′-d)thiophene (DNT), and diphenanthro(9,10-b;9′,10′-d)thiophene (DPT) in liver human cell line (HepG2). Whatever the doses, BT, DPT, and DNT do not form DNA adducts in HepG2 cell line. On the contrary, DBT, BNT, and 6-CH3 BNT induced DNA adduct formation. Two individual adducts are formed with DBT and one with BNT. The 6-CH3BNT which is the alkylated homologue of BNT also forms two adducts which are persistent after 48 h of treatment. Our results show that some thiophenes are genotoxic for HepG2 cells.

The use of soil and irrigation water with a high content of soluble salts is a major limiting factor for crop productivity in the semi-arid areas of the world. While important physiological insights about the mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants have been gained, the transfer of such knowledge into crop improvement has been limited. The identification and exploitation of soil microorganisms (especially rhizosphere bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi) that interact with plants by alleviating stress opens new alternatives for a pyramiding strategy against salinity, as well as new approaches to discover new mechanisms involved in stress tolerance. Although these mechanisms are not always well understood, beneficial physiological effects include improved nutrient and water uptake, growth promotion, and alteration of plant hormonal status and metabolism. This review aims to evaluate the beneficial effects of soil biota on the plant response to saline stress, with special reference to phytohormonal signalling mechanisms that interact with key physiological processes to improve plant tolerance to the osmotic and toxic components of salinity. Improved plant nutrition is a quite general beneficial effect and may contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis of toxic ions under saline stress. Furthermore, alteration of crop hormonal status to decrease evolution of the growth-retarding and senescence-inducing hormone ethylene (or its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), or to maintain source-sink relations, photosynthesis, and biomass production and allocation (by altering indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin biosynthesis) seem to be promising target processes for soil biota-improved crop salt tolerance.

This Guidance document is intended to provide a method to identify resistance to antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance in bacterial strains intended for use as feed additives. Such tests should be made in a consistent manner using internationally recognised and standardised methods. As a basic requirement, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobials should be determined for each of the following substances: ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and, in specific cases, tylosine, apramycin, nalidixic acid, sulfonamide and trimethoprim. These antimicrobials are chosen to detect a wide range of determinants for resistance. The cut-off values identified by the FEEDAP Panel should be seen as a pragmatic response intended to introduce consistency in the separation of strains with acquired resistance from susceptible strains. These values are not intended for any purpose other than the assessment of microbial products for the possible presence of antimicrobial resistance. When a bacterial strain demonstrates higher resistance to a specific antimicrobial than the other strains of the same taxonomical unit, the presence of acquired resistance is indicated and additional information is needed on the genetic basis of the antimicrobial resistance. Any bacterial strain carrying an acquired resistance to antimicrobial that is shown to be due to the acquisition of genetic determinant presents the greatest potential for horizontal spread and should not be used as a feed additive.

One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbon contamination resulting from the activities related to the petrochemical industry. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern in the environment. Hydrocarbon components have been known to belong to the family of carcinogens and neurotoxic organic pollutants. Currently accepted disposal methods of incineration or burial insecure landfills can become prohibitively expensive when amounts of contaminants are large. Mechanical and chemical methods generally used to remove hydrocarbons from contaminated sites have limited effectiveness and can be expensive. Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of these contaminated sites since it is cost-effective and will lead to complete mineralization. Bioremediation functions basically on biodegradation, which may refer to complete mineralization of organic contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and cell protein or transformation of complex organic contaminants to other simpler organic compounds by biological agents like microorganisms. Many indigenous microorganisms in water and soil are capable of degrading hydrocarbon contaminants. This paper presents an updated overview of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms under different ecosystems.

Journal Article Experimental Enteritis with Food Poisoning and Classical Strains of Clostridium Perfringens Type A in Lambs Get access A. H. W. Hauschild, A. H. W. Hauschild Microbiology Division, Food and Drug Directorate, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada; and from the Animal Pathology Division, Animal Diseases Research Institute (Western), Canada Department of Agriculture, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Niilo, L. Niilo Microbiology Division, Food and Drug Directorate, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada; and from the Animal Pathology Division, Animal Diseases Research Institute (Western), Canada Department of Agriculture, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. J. Dorward W. J. Dorward Microbiology Division, Food and Drug Directorate, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada; and from the Animal Pathology Division, Animal Diseases Research Institute (Western), Canada Department of Agriculture, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 117, Issue 5, December 1967, Pages 379–386, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/117.5.379 Published: 01 December 1967 Article history Received: 08 April 1967 Published: 01 December 1967