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The paper reassesses the largely neglected contribution of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, 980-1037) to medieval Tajik-Persian astronomy. Drawing on published primary and secondary sources, it reconstructs the main directions of his scientific activity - the construction of an observatory at Isfahan, the design of a high-precision angular instrument that anticipates the modern vernier principle, the formulation of an original method for determining terrestrial longitude from lunar culmination, a systematic refutation of predictive astrology, an optical explanation for the daytime invisibility of the fixed stars, and the earliest extant descriptions of both the transit of Venus on 24 May 1032 and the supernova SN 1006. These achievements not only anticipated comparable European advances by several centuries but also shaped subsequent developments within the Islamic and Latin astronomical traditions. The paper further notes Avicenna's modern scientific commemoration in the naming of asteroid (2755) Avicenna and the lunar crater Avicenna.
Requirement specifications in software engineering involve developing a conceptual model of a target domain. The model is based on ontological exploration of things in reality. Many things in such a process closely tie to problems in metaphysics, the field of inquiry of what reality fundamentally is. According to some researchers, metaphysicians are trying to develop an account of the world that properly conceptualizes the way it is, and software design is similar. Notions such as classes, object orientation, properties, instantiation, algorithms, etc. are metaphysical concepts developed many years ago. Exploring the metaphysics of such notions aims to establish quality assurance though some objective foundation not subject to misapprehensions and conventions. Much metaphysical work might best be understood as a model-building process. Here, a model is viewed as a hypothetical structure that we describe and investigate to understand more complex, real-world systems. The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding of the metaphysical origins of conceptual modeling as exemplified by a specific proposed high-level model called thinging machines (TMs). The focus is on thimacs (th
We present here an Arabic report about supernova 1006 (SN 1006) written by the famous Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Lat. Avicenna, AD 980-1037), which was not discussed in astronomical literature before. The short observational report about a new star is part of Ibn Sina's book called al-Shifa', a work about philosophy including physics, astronomy, and meteorology. We present the Arabic text and our English translation. After a detailed discussion of the dating of the observation, we show that the text specifies that the transient celestial object was stationary and/or tail-less ("a star among the stars"), that it "remained for close to three months getting fainter and fainter until it disappeared", that it "threw out sparks", i.e. it was scintillating and very bright, and that the color changed with time. The information content is consistent with the other Arabic and non-Arabic reports about SN 1006. Hence, it is quite clear that Ibn Sina refers to SN 1006 in his report, given as an example for transient celestial objects in a discussion of Aristotle's "Meteorology". Given the wording and the description, e.g. for the color evolution, this report is independent from other reports kno
Nine impact craters on Mercury bear the names of Persian-Tajik poets: Rudaki, Saadi, Nizami, Rumi, Navoi, Firdousi, Hafiz, Sanai, and Mahsati. We compile IAU-approved coordinates, diameters, quadrant designations, approval dates (1976--2025), and MESSENGER-derived geological characteristics for each crater, and place these data in the broader context of Solar System objects associated with Tajik-Persian civilisation, including lunar craters (Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Omar Khayyam, Abul Wafa, Nasireddin, Alfraganus, Azophi, Al-Khwarizmi), main-belt asteroids, and Enceladus surface features named from the One Thousand and One Nights. The approval timeline mirrors the successive stages of Mercury mapping: two craters were designated after Mariner 10 (1976), three more following Mariner 10 data analysis (1979, 1985), two after the first MESSENGER flybys (2008, 2010), two after MESSENGER orbital operations (2014), and one in 2025. Geological diversity is notable: the Sanai basin (490 km, ~3.8--3.9 Ga) is among the oldest large structures on Mercury; Firdousi shows lava-flooded floor morphology; Rumi hosts an explosive pyroclastic vent intersected by Palmer Rupes; Hafiz contains low-reflectan
Centuries-old Islamic medical texts like Avicenna's Canon of Medicine and the Prophetic Tibb-e-Nabawi encode a wealth of preventive care, nutrition, and holistic therapies, yet remain inaccessible to many and underutilized in modern AI systems. Existing language-model benchmarks focus narrowly on factual recall or user preference, leaving a gap in validating culturally grounded medical guidance at scale. We propose a unified evaluation pipeline, Tibbe-AG, that aligns 30 carefully curated Prophetic-medicine questions with human-verified remedies and compares three LLMs (LLaMA-3, Mistral-7B, Qwen2-7B) under three configurations: direct generation, retrieval-augmented generation, and a scientific self-critique filter. Each answer is then assessed by a secondary LLM serving as an agentic judge, yielding a single 3C3H quality score. Retrieval improves factual accuracy by 13%, while the agentic prompt adds another 10% improvement through deeper mechanistic insight and safety considerations. Our results demonstrate that blending classical Islamic texts with retrieval and self-evaluation enables reliable, culturally sensitive medical question-answering.
Metallic contaminants in complex heterostructures are important topics due to their significant roles in determining physical properties as well as device performance. Heterostructures of polyimide via on Al pad and Cu redistribution layer (RDL) on polyimide have shown exotic properties and are important for advanced semiconductor packaging systems. One main problem is significant leakage current variations, which affect the performance of the devices, yet the origin is far from understood. Furthermore, metal contaminations would occur at the buried interfaces and it is particularly challenging to probe them. Until now, the electronic and optical properties of complex polyimide heterostructures and the roles of metallic contaminants, especially in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) have not been studied extensively. Herewith, using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in a broad DUV range supported with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations, we determine optical properties of contaminants with various concentrations and reveal their influence on device performance of under-bump vias and redistribution layer (RDL) architectures. The complex dielectric function shows varying contamina
This thesis investigates acoustic properties of the vocal tract. Starting from a historical background (to name a few: Galen, Ibn Sina/Avicenna, Mersenne, Hooke, Euler, Kempelen, Abbe Mical, Kratzenstein, Wheatstone, Helmholtz, Riesz, Dudley, Dunn, Kelly, Lochbaum, Chiba, Kajiyama, Saito, Itakura, Burg, Gray...) finaly an improvement in respect to the tube model of the vocal tract is developed: The acoustics of vocal tract is numerical simulated in 3 dimensions with Finite-difference in time-domain (FDTD) applied on an oral-cavity spatially constructed by parameter estimation of speech signals and laterally by MRI (Magnet Resonance Imaging). Further, the FDTD is applied on the acoustics of the nasal tract, including paranasal cavities. The spatial properties of the nasal tract are drawn for CT (Computer Tomographies). It is shown, that the (absolute) cross section area influences the resonance charateritic of the vocal tract significant, further the actual shape of the cross section introduces zeros in the transfer functions. The shape can be approximated by an elliptical contour, and a 2 dimensional FDTD approach is discussed. Important absorption machanism are modeled, and a meth
The hunt for ancient life on Mars just got an important test run。 Scientists confirmed that the Rosalind Franklin rover's sophisticated instrument can detect subtle differences in two stable molecules that could preserve evidence of past life for billions of years。 But the team also uncovered a surprise: organic molecules in the Murchison meteorite
Celebrating the United States' 250th anniversary, NASA released a stunning Hubble portrait of Messier 3, an ancient globular cluster with more than 500,000 stars。 The remarkable cluster is helping scientists unravel the Milky Way's past thanks to its rare stars and possible origins in a long ago cosmic merger
NASA is marking the United States' 250th birthday with four striking red, white, and blue images of deep space from the Chandra X-ray Observatory。 The collection features an exploded star, a stellar nursery, a galaxy where stars are rapidly forming, and a galaxy cluster that provides evidence for dark matter
The AC culture wars may be solved by advances in environmentally friendly technology
More police and firefighters use drones to catch and deter illegal fireworks
A strange "chirping" signal from a distant supernova has revealed the birth of a magnetar, confirming that these incredibly magnetic neutron stars can power the universe's brightest stellar explosions。 The discovery also marks the first time Einstein's general relativity has been used to explain the mechanics of a supernova
A new study suggests spacecraft exhaust could quickly contaminate the moon's most scientifically valuable regions, potentially masking ancient clues about how life began on Earth。 Researchers say future lunar missions should consider new ways to reduce and monitor this pollution before it becomes widespread
Researchers have recreated the physics of extracting energy from a spinning black hole using a stationary device that produces synthetic ultrafast rotation。 The achievement transforms a long-standing theoretical idea into a practical experiment and could inspire new advances in optics, wireless communications, and quantum science
Scientists have rewritten the story of gallium after discovering that its unusual atomic bonds re-form at high temperatures, contradicting decades of accepted theory。 The finding changes how researchers explain why the metal melts so easily and behaves unlike almost any other metal。 Beyond solving a long-standing scientific mystery, the work could
Astronomers may have witnessed one of the rarest and most dramatic cosmic events ever seen: a long-sought intermediate-mass black hole ripping apart a dense white dwarf star and devouring it。 The Einstein Probe space telescope caught the explosion in its earliest moments, revealing an unusual sequence of intense X-ray flashes unlike anything seen i
A new quantum device can generate precisely controlled bursts of sound-like particles, or phonons, by forcing electrons through an ultra-thin crystal at extremely low temperatures。 The surprising behavior pushes beyond the limits predicted by current theories, suggesting scientists need to rethink how energy moves through advanced materials。 In the
Quantum mechanics has journeyed from a strange and controversial idea to the foundation of some of humanity’s most advanced technologies。 Now researchers are pushing its boundaries even further, with potential breakthroughs in energy, medicine, computing, and our understanding of the universe
Scientists have identified new clues that could help astronomers spot one of the most famous hypothetical alien megastructures: a Dyson sphere。 The study finds that red dwarfs and white dwarfs are the most promising stars to examine, since advanced civilizations could potentially build energy-harvesting swarms around them more easily。 These objects