Correcting measurements for detector effects and constructing appropriate public data representations is a pressing problem in LHC physics. Current methods solve this inverse problem by relying on iterations, minimax optimization, or a surrogate forward mapping. We introduce Adversary-free Unfolding SanS Iteration or Emulation (AUSSIE), which dispenses with these mechanisms while remaining asymptotically correct. AUSSIE replaces the second OmniFold step with a new loss function that directly yields solutions with minimal dependence on the reference simulation. We showcase AUSSIE on various unfolding tasks, including full-phase-space jet substructure.
Second-order elliptic boundary-value problems defined on curved domains in 2D and 3D arise frequently in practice. A lot of work has gone into developing numerical methods for solving such problems. One of the newest and most promising methods is the $\textit{immersed penalized boundary method}$ (IPBM) introduced in [Schumaker, L. L., Solving elliptic PDE's on domains with curved boundaries with an immersed penalized boundary method, J. Sci. Comp. ${\bf 80(3)}$ (2019), 1369--1394]. For a comprehensive discussion of the use of these methods with various bivariate spline spaces, see the recent book [Schumaker, L. L.: $\textit{Spline Functions: More Computational Methods}$, SIAM (Philadelphia), 2024]. The purpose of this paper is to show how to use IPBM methods with trivariate spline spaces to solve boundary-value problems on curved domains in 3D.
This work presents an accuracy study of the open source OCR engine, Kraken, on the leading Arabic scholarly journal, al-Abhath. In contrast with other commercially available OCR engines, Kraken is shown to be capable of producing highly accurate Arabic-script OCR. The study also assesses the relative accuracy of typeface-specific and generalized models on the al-Abhath data and provides a microanalysis of the ``error instances'' and the contextual features that may have contributed to OCR misrecognition. Building on this analysis, the paper argues that Arabic-script OCR can be significantly improved through (1) a more systematic approach to training data production, and (2) the development of key technological components, especially multi-language models and improved line segmentation and layout analysis. Cet article pr{é}sente une {é}tude d'exactitude du moteur ROC open source, Krakan, sur la revue acad{é}mique arabe de premier rang, al-Abhath. Contrairement {à} d'autres moteurs ROC disponibles sur le march{é}, Kraken se r{é}v{è}le {ê}tre capable de produire de la ROC extr{ê}mement exacte de l'{é}criture arabe. L'{é}tude {é}value aussi l'exactitude relative des mod{è}les sp{é}cifi
The present document is a mathematical-literary fiction, commemorating the centenary of the death of Anatole France (April 16, 1844 - October 12, 1924) and which, at the same time, pays tribute to Nicolas Bourbaki and his "Godparents". Strange as it may seem, the connection between the great man of letters and the legendary mathematician is thought out through a famous satirical tale, where Anatole France's Putois has given way to André Weil's Bourbaki ! The old philosophical question about the conditions of existence and modes of being is then raised again, to the extent of questioning the real mathematical meaning of what we used to symbolize by a backwards "E" ! -- Il s'agit d'une fiction mathématico-littéraire, commémorant le centenaire de la mort d'Anatole France (16 avril 1844 - 12 octobre 1924) et qui, par la même occasion, rend hommage à Nicolas Bourbaki et à ses "Godparents". Aussi étrange que cela puisse paraître, la mise en relation du grand homme de lettres avec le mathématicien légendaire est pensée à travers un célèbre conte satirique, où le personnage de Putois d'Anatole France a cédé place à celui de Bourbaki d'André Weil ! Ressurgit alors la vieille question philos
Amateur and professional astronomers can easily capture a large number of deep sky images with recent smart telescopes. However, afterwards verification is still required to check whether the celestial objects targeted are actually visible in the images produced. Depending on the magnitude of the targets, the observation conditions and the time during which the data is captured, it is possible that only stars are present in the images. In this study, we propose an approach based on explainable Artificial Intelligence to automatically detect the presence and position of captured objects. -- -- Grâce à l'apport des télescopes automatisés grand public, les astronomes amateurs et professionnels peuvent capturer facilement une grande quantité d'images du ciel profond (comme par exemple les galaxies, nébuleuses, ou amas globulaires). Néanmoins, une vérification reste nécessaire à postériori pour vérifier si les objets célestes visés sont effectivement visibles dans les images produites: cela dépend notamment de la magnitude des cibles, des conditions d'observation mais aussi de la durée pendant laquelle les données sont capturées. Dans cette étude, nous proposons une approche basée sur l
We develop a theory of Burnside rings in the context of birational equivalences of algebraic varieties equipped with logarithmic volume forms. We introduce a residue homomorphism and construct an additive invariant of birational morphisms. We also define a specialization homomorphism. -- Nous proposons une théorie d'anneaux de Burnside dans le contexte de la géométrie birationnelle des variétés algébriques munies d'une forme volume à pôles logarithmiques. Nous introduisons un homomorphisme « résidu », construisons un invariant additif des morphismes birationnels. Nous définissons aussi un homomorphisme de spécialisation.
Let $X$ be a smooth, geometrically integral variety over a field $K$. Then the quotient of the "algebraic" Brauer group of $X$ by $\operatorname{Br} K$ injects into $\textrm{H}^1(K,\textrm{Pic} \bar{X})$. We show that this inclusion is not always an isomorphism, even in the case where $X$ is a homogeneous space of a connected linear algebraic group over $K$. A similar result for the smooth compactifications of $X$ is also given. ----- Soit $X$ une variété lisse, géométriquement intègre sur un corps $K$. Alors le quotient du groupe Brauer "algébrique" de $X$ par $\operatorname{Br} K$ s'injecte dans $\textrm{H}^1(K,\operatorname{Pic} \bar{X})$. Nous montrons que cette inclusion n'est pas toujours un isomorphisme même dans le cas où $X$ est un espace homogène d'un groupe algébrique linéaire connexe sur $K$. Un résultat similaire pour les compactifications lisses de $X$ est aussi donné.
Two newly confirmed "super-puff" planets are so diffuse that they are less dense than cotton candy, despite being about the size of Jupiter。 Their rare orbital relationship and enormous, lightweight atmospheres could provide valuable clues about how some of the strangest planets in the galaxy come to exist
Astronomers have finally cracked the mystery of the famous “Pink Planet,” a strange world 57 light-years away that has puzzled scientists for more than a decade。 Using the James Webb Space Telescope, researchers discovered that its atmosphere contains water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and something never directly confirmed before in su
Scientists have combined machine learning with quantum physics to discover two new superconductors and create a much faster way to search for many more。 The technique could bring researchers significantly closer to the long-sought goal of a room-temperature superconductor
A new study suggests Earth may have been sending tiny hitchhikers to Venus for billions of years。 Researchers found that asteroid impacts could launch microbes into space, where some might survive the journey and end up suspended in Venus' clouds。 If future missions detect life there, there's a surprising chance it didn't originate on Venus at all—
Celebrating the United States' 250th anniversary, NASA released a stunning Hubble portrait of Messier 3, an ancient globular cluster with more than 500,000 stars。 The remarkable cluster is helping scientists unravel the Milky Way's past thanks to its rare stars and possible origins in a long ago cosmic merger
A new quantum device can generate precisely controlled bursts of sound-like particles, or phonons, by forcing electrons through an ultra-thin crystal at extremely low temperatures。 The surprising behavior pushes beyond the limits predicted by current theories, suggesting scientists need to rethink how energy moves through advanced materials。 In the
What if one of the biggest assumptions in cosmology is wrong。 New research suggests the universe may not be perfectly uniform in every direction, as scientists have long believed。 A puzzling mismatch known as the cosmic dipole anomaly shows that the distribution of distant galaxies and quasars doesn’t align with patterns seen in the leftover glow o
A newly proposed quantum sensing technique could make it much easier to identify one of physics’ newest and most intriguing classes of magnets: altermagnets。 These unusual materials, discovered only a few years ago, appear to combine the speed and efficiency of antiferromagnets with some of the useful electronic properties of traditional magnets, m
A new AI-powered framework could transform how astronomers measure the expansion of the Universe。 By analyzing images of Type Ia supernovae and modeling their environments in unprecedented detail, researchers can estimate cosmic distances with near-spectroscopic accuracy。 The technique is designed for the flood of data expected from the upcoming Ve
Hubble has captured a spectacular view of LH 95, where about 2,500 young stars are still on their journey to becoming full-fledged stars。 Scientists discovered these growing stars can keep pulling in gas and dust for millions of years, extending an important stage of stellar development。 The region also contains multiple generations of stars living