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This paper examines the representation of rural life in the immensely popular Dutch version of the reality TV show Farmer Wants a Wife (2004-present). It asks whether this representation manages to move beyond the persistent association of rural life with the idyll, which, as many rural scholars have noted, prevents important aspects of contemporary rural life from being seen and understood. A comparative visual and narrative analysis of the first series (2004–2005) and the eighth series (2014–2015) of Farmer Wants a Wife reveals how it initially challenges but ultimately reaffirms this association. The first series emphasises the profound dissonance between the idyllic expectations of the rural on the part of those seeking to find love with the farmers and the decidedly non-idyllic realities of twenty-first-century farming. By the eighth series, the show has largely abandoned its commitment to documenting the realities of Dutch rural life, instead privileging the love stories, for which idyllic portrayals of the rural function as an unquestioned backdrop. The ambivalent, changing way in which the rural idyll is mobilised in Farmer Wants a Wife is conceptualised through the genre t

Due to the rapid changes in the medical world and the aging population, the need for advanced care planning grows. Despite efforts to make this topic discussed, only a minority of patients discusses the advance directive with their general practitioner (GP). This study aimed to map thresholds: What barriers are identified by GPs and patients in preparing and discussing an advance directive? A cross section survey in patients and GP’s was performed. Citizens were recruited by multimedia and by street interviews. GP’s were recruited by mailing. Most of the 502 citizens already heard of an advance directive but only 17 had declared one while 21 never want one. Eighty percent wants to take the initiative themselves but half of the participants wants the GP to be actively involved. Thirty percent finds the document too difficult to understand. The need to draw an advance directive grew with increasing age. Of the 117 GP’s involved, 65% drafted five or less advance directives the past year. A lack of time, experience and a poor access to the correct administrative requirements were only a few of the barriers. Preparing and drafting an advance directive is a time-consuming and difficult p

Police recruits undertake mandatory training programmes to prepare for conflict situations. To motivate recruits to engage in what is called “police training” (“Polizeitraining” or “Einsatztraining”) in Germany, police trainers should design activities that align with what the recruits want from training. As such, the current study investigated the wants and subjective training needs of police recruits by asking twenty-seven recruits of a German police force to identify positive and negative aspects of police training, as well as the characteristics of a competent police trainer. The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Higher order themes consisted of (a) the relevance of police training; (b) motivating aspects of police training; (c) negative aspects of police training; and (d) characteristics of a competent police trainer. Recruits expressed that police training is an important part of their education, which they perceived as relevant in preparing them for their duty and for upcoming performance tests. Prominent motivating aspects included the perception of competence and being challenged holistically. De-contextualized practice and static repetitions were demot

‘Women, Peace and Security’ (WPS) is not just any normative agenda: everyone wants a piece of it. WPS is characterized by unprecedented recognition by states at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and the presence of multiple stakeholders, including its own transnational NGO network focused on the first Resolution, 1325. The high degree of participation from civil society in framing the norm from the outset—driving their own access to contestation—makes WPS relatively unique among global normative agendas. It is therefore a good case in which to examine the ‘dynamics of dissent’ and test the effects of discursive and behavioural contestation on normative change. The article seeks to advance the thriving literature on the UN WPS agenda and to further develop the exploratory approach to contestation, which evaluates normative progress based on increased access of all those affected by the norm to practices of norm validation. It maps norm contestation at distinct sites, reflecting a sequence of WPS events referenced at the 2015 UNSC open debate on WPS. It evaluates practices of contestation with regard to affected WPS stakeholders' access to political agency and assesses ‘wh

AI models are increasingly applied in high-stakes domains like health and conservation. Data quality carries an elevated significance in high-stakes AI due to its heightened downstream impact, impacting predictions like cancer detection, wildlife poaching, and loan allocations. Paradoxically, data is the most under-valued and de-glamorised aspect of AI. In this paper, we report on data practices in high-stakes AI, from interviews with 53 AI practitioners in India, East and West African countries, and USA. We define, identify, and present empirical evidence on Data Cascades—compounding events causing negative, downstream effects from data issues—triggered by conventional AI/ML practices that undervalue data quality. Data cascades are pervasive (92% prevalence), invisible, delayed, but often avoidable. We discuss HCI opportunities in designing and incentivizing data excellence as a first-class citizen of AI, resulting in safer and more robust systems for all.

The introduction of OpenAI Codex sparked a surge of interest in the impact of generative AI models on computing education practices. Codex is also the underlying model for GitHub Copilot, a plugin which makes AI-generated code accessible to students through auto-completion in popular code editors. Research in this area, particularly on the educational implications, is nascent and has focused almost exclusively on introductory programming (or CS1) questions. Very recent work has shown that Codex performs considerably better on typical CS1 exam questions than most students. It is not clear, however, what Codex’s limits are with regard to more complex programming assignments and exams. In this paper, we present results detailing how Codex performs on more advanced CS2 (data structures and algorithms) exam questions taken from past exams. We compare these results to those of students who took the same exams under normal conditions, demonstrating that Codex outscores most students. We consider the implications of such tools for the future of undergraduate computing education.

Code-generating large language models map natural language to code. However, only a small portion of the infinite space of naturalistic utterances is effective at guiding code generation. For non-expert end-user programmers, learning this is the challenge of abstraction matching. We examine this challenge in the specific context of data analysis in spreadsheets, in a system that maps the user’s natural language query to Python code using the Codex generator, executes the code, and shows the result. We propose grounded abstraction matching, which bridges the abstraction gap by translating the code back into a systematic and predictable naturalistic utterance. In a between-subjects, think-aloud study (n=24), we compare grounded abstraction matching to an ungrounded alternative based on previously established query framing principles. We find that the grounded approach improves end-users’ understanding of the scope and capabilities of the code-generating model, and the kind of language needed to use it effectively.

The machine learning (ML) research community has landed on automated hate speech detection as the vital tool in the mitigation of bad behavior online. However, it is not clear that this is a widely supported view outside of the ML world. Such a disconnect can have implications for whether automated detection tools are accepted or adopted. Here we lend insight into how other key stakeholders understand the challenge of addressing hate speech and the role automated detection plays in solving it. To do so, we develop and apply a structured approach to dissecting the discourses used by online platform companies, governments, and not-for-profit organizations when discussing hate speech. We find that, where hate speech mitigation is concerned, there is a profound disconnect between the computer science research community and other stakeholder groups—which puts progress on this important problem at serious risk. We identify urgent steps that need to be taken to incorporate computational researchers into a single, coherent, multistakeholder community that is working towards civil discourse online.

ABSTRACT This study investigates how gender and sustainability orientation shape the effects of perceived desirability and feasibility on social entrepreneurial intentions. It provides indication that the effects differ in comparison to general entrepreneurial intentions. Data from 601 students indicates that women are more likely to translate positive desirability into social entrepreneurial intentions. We further show that a high level of sustainability orientation enhances the effect of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility on the intent to become a social entrepreneur, but is hardly associated with general entrepreneurial intentions. The findings provide insights for better targeting and supporting future social entrepreneurs.

In recent years, the natural language processing (NLP) community has given increased attention to the disparity of efforts directed towards high-resource languages over low-resource ones. Efforts to remedy this delta often begin with translations of existing English datasets into other languages. However, this approach ignores that different language communities have different needs. We consider a group of low-resource languages, creole languages. Creoles are both largely absent from the NLP literature, and also often ignored by society at large due to stigma, despite these languages having sizable and vibrant communities. We demonstrate, through conversations with creole experts and surveys of creole-speaking communities, how the things needed from language technology can change dramatically from one language to another, even when the languages are considered to be very similar to each other, as with creoles. We discuss the prominent themes arising from these conversations, and ultimately demonstrate that useful language technology cannot be built without involving the relevant community.

We investigate a retailer’s and a supplier’s incentive to facilitate information disclosure, i.e., consumer learning of their true product valuation, under two popular supply chain contracts, i.e.,...

Abstract Shared mobility can contribute to tackling many of the pressing problems from transport and initiate a system change. But who is attracted by shared mobility and who not? How is this related to the attractiveness of electric driving? What are the perceptions underlying those preferences? We try to answer these questions based on two survey studies from Germany with a focus on carsharing. First, we present findings from an online survey (n = 1548) in one of Germany’s showcase regions for electric vehicles (EVs) to analyse the acceptance of carsharing in society. The data analysis shows that perceived compatibility with daily life is the most important factor related to the attitudes towards carsharing and that social norms also play an important role. Second, we analyse early adopters of electric carsharing, i.e. a combination of both innovations in more detail. We draw on a survey (n = 947) from field trials in Germany. We find that – extending the results of study 1 – the users are a socio-demographically specific group. A segmentation revealed that carsharing with EVs is particularly attractive for younger people who (i) live as a couple but without cars or (ii) are star

The study of volitional personality change has received increasing attention in recent years, suggesting that individuals want to change for the better particularly on those socially desirable characteristics that they lack. However, individuals do not want to change for the better on all (even socially desirable) traits alike. In a meta-analytic summary of evidence on the Big Five, we demonstrate that individuals' trait levels are only negatively related to their change goals for Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness, but not for Agreeableness and Openness to Experience. In three studies, two of them preregistered, we replicated these meta-analytic findings using the HEXACO model, showing negative relations between trait levels and change goals for all dimensions, except Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience. Strikingly, however, these trait-specific differences in correlations of trait levels and change goals disappeared once providing individuals with personality feedback before assessing their change goals, suggesting that individuals may generally want to change for the better once having sufficient self-knowledge. Nonetheless, the mechanisms driving this desi

Parathyroid four-dimensional (4D) CT is an increasingly used and powerful tool for preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid tissue in the setting of primary hyperparathyroidism. Accurate and precise localization of a single adenoma facilitates minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, and localization of multiglandular disease aids bilateral neck exploration. However, many radiologists find the interpretation of these examinations to be an intimidating challenge. The authors review parathyroid 4D CT findings of typical and atypical parathyroid lesions and provide illustrative examples. Relevant anatomy, embryology, and operative considerations with which the radiologist should be familiar to provide clinically useful image interpretations are also discussed. The most important 4D CT information to the surgeon includes the number, size, and specific location of candidate parathyroid lesions with respect to relevant surgical landmarks; the radiologist's opinion and confidence level regarding what each candidate lesion represents; and the presence or absence of ectopic or supernumerary parathyroid tissue, concurrent thyroid pathologic conditions, and arterial anomalies associated

The robot rights debate has thus far proceeded without any reliable data concerning the public opinion about robots and the rights they should have. We have administered an online survey (n = 439) that investigates layman’s attitudes toward granting particular rights to robots. Furthermore, we have asked them the reasons for their willingness to grant them those rights. Finally, we have administered general perceptions of robots regarding appearance, capacities, and traits. Results show that rights can be divided in sociopolitical and robot dimensions. Reasons can be distinguished along cognition and compassion dimensions. People generally have a positive view about robot interaction capacities. We found that people are more willing to grant basic robot rights such as access to energy and the right to update to robots than sociopolitical rights such as voting rights and the right to own property. Attitudes toward granting rights to robots depend on the cognitive and affective capacities people believe robots possess or will possess in the future. Our results suggest that the robot rights debate stands to benefit greatly from a common understanding of the capacity potentials of futu

Abstract While many theoretical models generally expect a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and the adoption and continuance use of various technologies, the universality of the association has been questionable, suggesting the existence of boundary conditions on the relationship. This study proposes technostress as one such boundary condition and shows that it moderates both the direct and indirect effect of perceived usefulness on the adoption and continuance use of digital textbooks. Two theoretical models (i.e. Adoption model and Continuance use model) were proposed and tested with two samples of students from a South African University. An evaluation of the adoption model showed that the positive direct and indirect effect of perceived usefulness on adoption became non-significant under high levels of technostress. With respect to the continuance use model, it was observed that the direct and indirect effects of perceived usefulness were significant for different levels of technostress; however, the effect was weakest when technostress was high and highest when it was low. Additionally, technostress had a direct negative influence on both the adoption and cont

Abstract This article reviews the nature, the current state and possible future of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is described both in the abstract and in four forms that are currently evident not only in laboratories but also in real-world applications. Clarity about the public's concerns is sought by articulating the threats that are inherent within AI. It is proposed that AI needs to be re-conceived as `complementary artefact intelligence', and that the robotics notion of `machines that think' needs to give way to the idea of `intellectics', with the focus on `computers that do'. This article lays a foundation for two further articles on how organisations can adopt a responsible approach to AI, and how an appropriate regulatory scheme for AI can be structured.

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