Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have transformed advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) treatment, but identifying patients who benefit from adding chemotherapy remains challenging, especially in PD-L1 ≥ 50%. PD-L1 is an imperfect biomarker, highlighting the need for better selection tools. Liquid biopsy (LBx) assessment was performed using hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA. LBx data, molecular profile, and clinico-pathological data were collected. The predictive and prognostic values of tumor fraction (TF) were assessed using a de-identified nationwide (US-based) NSCLC clinicogenomic database (CGDB). An independent cohort with aNSCLC from Gustave Roussy was used to validate the findings and to study the correlation of ctDNA tumor fraction and total metabolic tumor volume (tMTV) and its molecular correlates. In the CGDB Database (n=965), elevated ctDNA TF was prognostic for worse outcomes on ICBs and, when ≥5%, predictive of benefit from ICB+chemotherapy (HR for real-world progression-free survival 0.58 [0.41-0.82], p=0.002). The 5% cutoff for TF was validated in an independent cohort from Gustave Roussy. In 283 patients with paired PET scans, ctDNA TF correlated with metabolic tumor volume (rho=0.46, p<0.001) and was influenced by TP53/RB1 mutations. ctDNA TF integrates disease burden and biology. Patients with high ctDNA TF derive greater benefit from chemo-immunotherapy, supporting its use as a biomarker to guide treatment intensification.
Mechanism-based prevention has transformed developmental psychopathology by shifting the focus from whether interventions work to understanding how they work through the modification of neurobehavioral processes underlying risk. We argue that this framework remains incomplete without equal consideration of when during development interventions are delivered. Because neurobehavioral mechanisms emerge and mature along distinct developmental trajectories, interventions are likely to be most effective when they target mechanisms during periods of heightened developmental plasticity. We propose a framework of mechanism-specific developmental windows of opportunity, in which the timing of intervention is considered alongside mechanistic target selection. Evidence from developmental neuroscience and prevention research suggests that interventions delivered during different developmental periods may capitalize on distinct forms of neurobehavioral plasticity, from broad foundational processes in infancy to more specialized systems that continue maturing throughout childhood and adolescence. We further highlight that environmental context, particularly early adversity, may shape the malleability of these systems and influence responsiveness to intervention. Integrating developmental timing into mechanism-based prevention has the potential to improve intervention precision and alter trajectories of child and adolescent psychopathology.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), comprising anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have transformed melanoma therapy, yet the tumour microenvironment (TME), the pivotal biological interface where therapeutic efficacy, resistance, and toxicity are determined, remains incompletely characterized. This dual systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD420261374242) followed PRISMA 2020 and included 58 preclinical (B16F10/C57BL/6; 46 quantitative) and 44 clinical studies (19 quantitative) to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) for six intratumoral TME parameters. Checkpoint blockade consistently shifted the TME toward an immune-activated state, an effect that remained robust in sensitivity analyses despite substantial heterogeneity (I-squared heterogeneity statistic (I2) = 68-88%). Preclinically, ICIs significantly increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration (SMD = 1.45, p < 0.001), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (SMD = 1.78, p < 0.001), CD8/regulatory T-cell (Treg) ratio (SMD = 0.91, p = 0.005), and apoptosis (SMD = 3.54, p < 0.001) and reduced PD-L1 (SMD = -0.88, p = 0.004) and Ki-67 (SMD = -1.43, p = 0.028). Clinically, CD8+ infiltration and PD-L1 both increased (SMD = 0.72, p < 0.001; SMD = 0.67, p = 0.001), contrasting with the preclinical PD-L1 decrease. Meta-regression demonstrated superior anti-PD-L1 efficacy over CTLA-4 for effector parameters: IFN-γ +3.59 (p = 0.009), CD8/Treg +10.69 (p = 0.003), apoptosis +9.76 (p = 0.004), and Ki-67 -6.28 (p = 0.040). These findings establish the TME as a critical determinant of ICI outcomes, indicate that PD-L1 amplifies effector functions in the B16F10 model, and highlight translational gaps in TME reprogramming.
ObjectiveThis article examines an epistemic double standard in psychiatry: patients' confidence, certainty and conviction are often treated as clinically interpretable, particularly in research on metacognition, insight and overconfidence in psychosis, while psychiatry's own institutional confidence is less consistently subjected to scrutiny. Drawing on literature concerning epistemic injustice, phenomenology, cultural humility, lived experience expertise, diagnostic classification, iatrogenic harm, informed consent, capacity, treatment discourse, it asks who is permitted to be confident without that confidence being transformed into evidence of pathology.ConclusionsPsychiatric expertise is necessary, but expertise should not be confused with exemption from scrutiny and critique. When professional confidence shapes diagnosis, detention, treatment access, credibility, risk interpretation and responses to reported harm, it becomes ethically consequential. The article argues for epistemic reciprocity: if psychiatry interrogates patients' confidence and insight, it must also examine how its own certainty is authorised, documented and operationalised. A humbler psychiatry would distinguish evidence from inference, dissent from pathology, and disengagement from non-compliance, while treating experiential knowledge, cultural context, uncertainty, safety and accountability as central to ethical practice. It also identifies practical implications for informed consent, iatrogenesis monitoring, lived experience leadership, cultural and epistemic humility, and more robust service-level review processes.
Epigenetic modifications furnish a hidden regulatory layer that shapes cellular fate and evolutionary potential without rewriting the genetic code. In eukaryotes, methylome maps have profoundly transformed our understanding of development, disease, and lineage diversification. In bacteria, which represent the most abundant and ecologically versatile forms of life, the epigenome remains a largely uncharted dimension. To enable population-scale comparison of bacterial methylomes, we develop a principled strategy to prioritize methylation systems that are enzymatically encoded, broadly conserved and phylogenetically informative, thereby defining a stable substrate for quantitative comparative analysis. We reconstruct the first population-scale bacterial methylation-informed phylogenies that broadly recapitulate sequence-based relationships while resolving epi-phylogroups associated with GC content and environmental stress resilience. We introduce a three-metric quantitative framework (MPK, MR, and MFR) that converts site-level methylation calls into standardized, cross-sample comparable quantitative traits, enabling robust identification of highly methylated core genes from as few as 30 Escherichia coli strains. Finally, co-methylation network analysis identifies virulence-enriched modules and coordinated methylation of horizontally acquired virulence loci, providing the first evidence that horizontally acquired virulence loci are epigenetically assimilated into host regulatory circuitry. Together, this framework enables locus-resolved, population-scale integration of bacterial methylation data to interrogate epigenetic contributions to evolution, fitness and pathogenicity.
Benzazepines represent a class of valuable nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and widely applicable synthetic intermediates. Thus, the development of efficient and selective synthetic strategies for benzazepine construction via rational synthon design is of great research significance. Herein, we report the design of 1,4-enynes as novel trimethylenemethane (TMM) precursors and their application in palladium-catalyzed (4 + 3) cycloaddition reactions. This transformation proceeds efficiently at room temperature, affording a variety of benzazepine derivatives in good yields with excellent chemoselectivity. The practicality of the developed methodology is verified by gram-scale synthesis. Moreover, the obtained benzazepine products can be readily transformed into oxepine derivatives and triazole derivatives, and can undergo intramolecular cyclization under gold catalysis. This work demonstrates that bench-stable 1,4-enynes can serve as innovative precursors for palladium-catalyzed TMM-involved allylic cycloaddition reactions, and highlights their broad synthetic utility.
Deep learning models have transformed several fields lately. In the past, capturing thermodynamic trends from free energies has relied on computationally expensive and time-consuming umbrella sampling simulations for dynamic proteins. Here, we investigate whether modern deep learning protein design methods (ProteinMPNN and ThermoMPNN) can obtain comparable energetic readouts more expeditiously. As a case study we use Troponin C (TnC) as a model system. TnC plays a central role in regulating muscle contraction through calcium-induced hydrophobic patch opening, transitioning between closed and open conformations. Disease associated mutations and isoform specific differences in TnC modulate this process by altering the free energies of hydrophobic patch opening. From ThermoMPNN, we quantified the free-energy differences associated with disease-linked variants in both open and closed states of cardiac TnC and compared with umbrella sampling results for the free energy of hydrophobic patch opening. We found a strong correlation with an R2 value of 0.82 between ThermoMPNN and umbrella sampling values for hydrophobic patch opening. The model accurately captured the lowered free energy of hydrophobic patch opening caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and designed calcium sensitizing mutations. In these cases, the average of difference in ThermoMPNN ΔΔG values between the ensemble of closed and open structures was positive for 6/7 mutations (ΔΔGclosed - ΔΔGopen > 0), indicating that the open structure is relatively more favorable than the closed state. Conversely, the model captured the increased free energy of hydrophobic patch opening caused by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and designed calcium desensitizing mutations. Here the difference in the ThermoMPNN ΔΔG values between the closed and open structures was negative for 5/5 mutations (ΔΔGclosed - ΔΔGopen < 0), indicating the closed structure is relatively more favorable than the open state. We also showed that ProteinMPNN sequence probabilities distinguished isoform specific conformational preferences, correctly identifying skeletal TnC to favor a more open conformation compared to cardiac TnC. These observations were also consistent with previous umbrella sampling study. Together, these results demonstrate that deep learning frameworks have the potential to serve as viable alternative to traditional free energy methods like umbrella sampling to accurately determine trends in isoform-specific and mutational effects in TnC. More broadly, our findings highlight the potential of deep learning-based metrics to guide the design of calcium sensitizing and desensitizing mutations in TnC.
This project elucidates the pivotal scientific discoveries that culminated in the isolation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). It details the contributions of scientists Andrew Schally and Roger Guillemin, whose competitive biochemical research led to the Nobel Prize in 1977. This project entails a comprehensive review of the pivotal scientific developments that culminated in the discovery of LHRH, examined through the historical lens. The sources included peer-reviewed articles, Nobel lectures, and oral history transcripts. G.W. Harris first showed the anterior pituitary's regulation by the hypothalamus in 1937, establishing the principles for Schally and Guillemin. Schally and Guillemin independently isolated TRF in 1969, requiring 160,000 porcine hypothalami for purification. Both then pursued LHRH, isolating it independently in 1971 using 240,000 porcine brains and developing advanced biochemical techniques. These methods have enabled LHRH analog synthesis for prostate cancer research. In 1971, Schally demonstrated that LHRH could suppress gonadotropin secretion. Synthetic LHRH infusion in monkeys showed LHRH's ability to desensitize pituitary GnRH receptors. This discovery enabled the use of LHRH analog treatments for hormone-sensitive conditions. Schally conducted the first clinical trials in Mexico in 1972 and organized the first LHRH agonist study for prostate cancer, which was published in 1982. The discovery of LHRH represents a landmark convergence of evolving physiological concepts, rigorous biochemical innovation, and impactful clinical translation, leading to the Nobel Prize. The rivalry between Schally and Guillemin led to foundational discoveries that transformed the management of androgen-dependent malignancies.
Polystyrene (PS), particularly expanded polystyrene (EPS), is an environmentally significant commodity polymer that contributes substantially to secondary microplastic and nanoplastic pollution through environmental weathering and fragmentation. During aging, PS undergoes nano-scale physicochemical transformations, including chain scission, surface oxidation, and the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups, which profoundly influence its environmental fate, microbial colonization, and biodegradation behavior. Conventional remediation technologies remain energy-intensive and often fail to achieve complete mineralization, highlighting the need for sustainable and integrated remediation strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated that diverse microorganisms, including Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Bacillus, and Exiguobacterium, can colonize PS surfaces and initiate oxidative depolymerization through extracellular biofilm formation and oxidative enzymes such as styrene monooxygenase, laccases, and peroxidases. In parallel, insect-based systems, particularly Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio, provide unique biological platforms in which gut microbiota facilitate partial PS degradation and mineralization through synergistic host-microbe interactions. This review critically integrates recent advances in nano-scale PS transformation, microbial colonization, oxidative enzymatic pathways, insect gut-mediated biodegradation, and advanced analytical techniques used to characterize degradation processes. Emphasis is placed on nano-bio interactions and emerging nanotechnology-enabled remediation strategies, including engineered microbial consortia, biofilm-based bioreactors, and nanomaterial-assisted treatment systems. Finally, current limitations and future research priorities are discussed, including degradation kinetics, byproduct toxicity, standardized evaluation methods, and the integration of biological and nanomaterial-based approaches for scalable PS microplastic remediation.
Radiation therapy is widely used for cancer treatment. To improve therapeutic efficacy, traditional radiosensitizers are often used in combination. However, their toxic side effects necessitate urgent development of safer alternative biogenic radiosensitizers. Herein, a green approach was used to synthesise ZnO NPs, CuO NPs, and ZnO-CuO NCs using S. africana Luteus, and their ability to enhance the radiosensitizing effect of proton irradiation on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) breast cancer cell line was evaluated. The biogenic nanoparticles are characterised in detail through several analytical techniques, including Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Interestingly, the NPs showed concentration-dependent effects on MCF7 viability, with CuO NPs exhibiting the strongest effect (IC50 = 42.90 µg/mL), followed by ZnO-CuO NCs (71.12 µg/mL) and ZnO NPs (103.43 µg/mL). Proton irradiation produced a dose-dependent decrease in clonogenic survival of MCF7 cells, and ZnO-CuO NCs displayed the highest enhancement of proton-induced cell death, with a Dose Enhancement Factor (DEF) of 1.69, compared with CuO NPs (1.46) and ZnO NPs (1.09). Holotomographic microscopy (HTM) data further confirmed that ZnO-CuO NCs impaired cellular macromolecules more than the individual NPs. Findings from this study suggest that the biogenic NPs are promising radiosensitizers for cancer radiotherapy.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most important myeloid cell populations in the tumor microenvironment of digestive system tumors and are characterized by marked plasticity, heterogeneity, and context dependence. This review focuses on gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers as representative digestive system solid tumors in which TAM spatial organization has been increasingly characterized by single-cell and spatial omics studies. Traditional M1/M2 polarization or fixed subtype-based classification is insufficient to capture the continuous state transitions of TAMs across tumor types, disease stages, and tissue regions. Recent evidence suggests that TAM heterogeneity reflects dynamic functional states shaped within distinct spatial niches by local oxygen supply, metabolic stress, stromal architecture, vascular status, and interactions with neighboring cells. From a spatial-niche perspective, this review synthesizes current evidence on TAM distribution patterns, phenotypic changes, and functional biases across six recurrent spatial contexts: the hypoxic core, invasive front, fibrotic septa, perivascular regions, tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS)-adjacent regions, and necrotic borders. By linking these niches with cross-niche functional axes and evidence-supported molecular programs, we provide a structured niche-to-function framework for comparing TAM spatial heterogeneity and its major functional dimensions, including metabolic adaptation, tissue remodeling, and immune-inflammatory regulation. This context-sensitive framework may help guide future studies of niche-specific TAM reprogramming and rational combinations with immunotherapy and other treatment strategies.
Glycosylation is one of the most structurally diverse and biologically consequential co- and post-translational modifications, yet its analytical characterisation remains challenging due to extensive isomerism, microheterogeneity, branching structure and the presence of labile residues. Among the available analytical platforms, capillary electrophoresis (CE), particularly when coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS), offers exceptional separation efficiency at nanolitre sample loadings and can resolve glycan variants that remain obscured in conventional LC- or MALDI-based workflows. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances that have expanded the utility of CE and CE-MS in glycomics. We discuss practical considerations in enzymatic and chemical glycan release and highlight how the workflow format and clean-up influence recovery, quantitative precision and downstream compatibility. A major section is dedicated to the critical evaluation of major reducing-end derivatisation chemistries, including reductive amination, hydrazide and Michael-addition labelling, stable isotope, isobaric, and emerging instant-labelling strategies as well as permethylation, focusing on how labelling modulates electrophoretic mobility, isomer resolution, ionisation efficiency and MS/MS fragmentation. We outline current CE-MS methodologies, focusing on background electrolyte design, capillary coatings, sample injection modes, and the latest developments in sheath-flow, sheathless, nanoflow, and microfluidic interfaces. Performance benchmarks, including sensitivity, isomer resolution, robustness, and quantitative precision, are evaluated alongside recent innovations such as dopant enriched gases and integrated CE-MS cartridges. Finally, we assess the opportunities and remaining barriers for the broader adoption of CE-MS in biomedical, clinical, and biopharmaceutical glycomics. Continued advances in MS interface design, automation, and MS-compatible labelling chemistries are expected to further transform CE-MS into a routinely and widely deployable platform for high-resolution glycan characterisation.
Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) materials hold great promise for advanced spintronic devices, particularly those featuring large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and high Curie temperature (Tc). Here, based on the first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we examine the stability, electronic structure and magnetic properties of the FePd2Te2 at the 2D limit, whose nanosheets have been successfully exfoliated in experiments. Notably, the FePd2Te2 monolayer featuring one-dimensional (1D) Fe zigzag chains exhibits a Tc of 242 K, which is significantly higher than that of the bulk FePd2Te2 (93K). Strain engineering further enhances the Tc to 569 K under 5% compressive strain, driven by stronger FM coupling between the Fe atoms in the 1D zigzag chains. Furthermore, this compressive strain also results in a transformation of the MAE from the in-plane to the out-of-plane direction. Our work provides a valuable strategy to control both spin direction and the Curie temperature, which enables 2D FePd2Te2 to be applied in spintronic devices at room temperature, thereby establishing a more stable foundation for achieving superior performance.
Metals in liquid state are emerging as adaptive catalytic platforms in which catalytic function is governed not by static surface sites but by continuously reconfiguring interfaces. Unlike conventional solid catalysts, low-melting metallic systems, such as gallium and its alloys, combine fluidity, metallic conductivity, solute metal dissolution, and atomic mobility, enabling active sites to appear, transform, and regenerate under reaction conditions. In this mini-review, we discuss how these dynamic interfacial processes underpin catalysis primarily in gallium-based liquid metal systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the interplay among solvent-solute interactions, atomic dispersion, and reaction-induced restructuring at phase boundaries. We classify liquid metal catalysts across binary, multicomponent, high-entropy, and emerging hybrid structures, highlighting how composition, interfacial state, and external stimuli serve as key design parameters for catalysis. We further discuss future opportunities and challenges in characterization, mechanistic interpretation, and scalability, outlining the critical barriers to the practical deployment of these liquid catalysts.
Forensic science depends on identifying biological fluid stains to maintain DNA for profiling and associating suspects with crime scenes. These stains can include urine and other secretions; however, presumptive and confirmatory tests often target specific fluids and might damage DNA because of destructive chemical processes. Traditional reagents like 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) allow for quick screening but have low specificity and sensitivity in complex crime scene matrices. Hence, there is a necessity for a universal, highly sensitive, and non-destructive technique for the accurate analysis and differentiation of bodily fluids. In this study, we present an eco-friendly technique for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) utilizing extracts from the stems of Sclerocarya birrea and Moringa oleifera as reducing and stabilizing agents in aqueous medium. These nanoparticles were employed as alternative materials for urine analysis at the crime scene. Various characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and spectrophotometry, were used to analyse the nanoparticles. XRD results indicated a face-centred cubic crystalline structure, while microscopy observations showed that the nanoparticles were mainly spherical, with some in hexagonal and polyhedral shapes. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that AgNPs and AuNPs significantly improved the excitation and emission signals of DMAC in urine analysis when compared to plant extracts alone. Furthermore, electrophoresis gel and nanophotometer analysis showed enhanced DNA recovery and less degradation after nanoparticle-assisted urine testing. These results indicate that these nanoparticles function as non-toxic signal enhancers and protective agents, thereby enhancing sensitivity, specificity, and DNA preservation in forensic analysis.
Genomic offsets are increasingly used to quantify the mismatch between a population's current genetic composition and the composition predicted under changed environmental conditions. While genomic offset is a promising tool for assessing climate maladaptation, the sensitivity of predictions to different methodological choices is not well understood. In this study, we compared two fundamentally different approaches to detect outliers before predicting genomic offsets: Gradient Forest (GF, non-linear, non-parametric) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CANCOR, linear, parametric). To do so, we used 457 natural populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), an important agricultural forage species throughout Europe. Using a data set of 189,968 SNPs and 75 climatic variables, we experimentally validated genomic offsets against 105 phenotypic traits measured across three common gardens during multiple years. We also assessed the sensitivity of outlier detection and genomic offset predictions to the number and spatial distribution of sampled populations. Both GF and CANCOR detected a substantial number of outlier loci associated with environmental gradients (2113 and 653, respectively), with 429 loci identified by both approaches. When used to model spatial variation in genetic adaptation and estimate genomic offsets, the different outlier sets produce spatially congruent projections. We also found significant correlations between experienced genomic offset in the common garden predicted by both outlier sets and phenotypic traits, identifying traits that could serve as good fitness proxies for assessing climate risk. Analyses based on different population subsamples revealed that GF was less sensitive to sample size and geographic biases than CANCOR. Our findings provide practical guidance for designing genomic offset studies in both agricultural and natural systems and suggest that non-linear, non-parametric methods like GF may be less sensitive to sampling design and therefore potentially more robust for predicting climate maladaptation.
Chiral organochlorides bearing C-Cl stereocenters are highly desirable motifs in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, yet their direct asymmetric synthesis from simple starting materials via biocatalysis alone remains challenging. Here, we report an integrated organo- and biocatalytic cascade that converts readily available aldehydes into enantiomerically enriched β-chloramines. Under optimized near-neutral conditions, the method delivers a broad array of β-chloramines in high yield (up to 88%) with exceptional enantioselectivity (up to >99:1 enantiomeric ratio). Notably, by simply raising the pH to 9.5, the same cascade system diverges to directly generate chiral aziridines, enabling pH-controlled access to two valuable product classes from a unified platform. The utility of this strategy is further demonstrated by preparative-scale syntheses from inexpensive commercial substrates, followed by divergent linchpin transformations to diverse chiral building blocks, including aziridines, azido amines, and acetoxy amines. Mechanistic studies provide insight into the origins of stereoselectivity and the key factors governing stereochemical outcomes.
By ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD) in 2009, Germany undertook to systematically promote the participation of people with disabilities and to report on this regularly. According to the National Action Plan, the data on people with impairments and disabilities are to be improved, with particular attention being paid to the human rights perspective set out in the Convention. To date, three reports designed in accordance with this approach have been published under the programmatic title "Federal Government Report on the Living Conditions of People with Disability: Participation-Impairment-Disability"; a fourth is currently available as a draft.This reporting supports the transition to inclusion-oriented social integration assistance (Eingliederungshilfe) and rehabilitation, which has become mandatory throughout Germany following the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. As value- and impact-oriented reporting, it can make a significant contribution to this through nuanced and diversity-sensitive data quality. The participation survey is now intended to further expand and continuously improve this solid body of knowledge.This narrative overview traces the development of Participation Reporting, from its normative and institutional foundations through to the current phase of data collection and transformation. It examines the functions, limitations, and unresolved issues of such reporting and asks whether reports actually improve participation. To this end, it clarifies the conceptual foundations, analyses methodological developments and data issues, highlights tensions between different understandings of disability, and outlines the institutional roles involved. Mit der Ratifizierung der Behindertenrechtskonvention der Vereinten Nationen (UN-BRK) im Jahr 2009 hat sich Deutschland verpflichtet, die Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderung systematisch zu fördern und darüber regelmäßig Bericht zu erstatten. Laut Nationalem Aktionsplan soll die Datenlage zu Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderung verbessert werden, wobei die menschenrechtliche Perspektive der Konvention besonders zu beachten ist. Bisher wurden drei entsprechend konzipierte Berichte mit dem programmatischen Titel „Teilhabebericht der Bundesregierung über die Lebenslagen von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen. Teilhabe – Beeinträchtigung – Behinderung“ vorgelegt, ein vierter liegt als Entwurf vor.Diese Berichterstattung flankiert die nach Ratifizierung der UN-BRK deutschlandweit obligatorische Transformation zur inklusionsorientierten Eingliederungshilfe und Rehabilitation. Als werte- und wirkungsorientierte Berichterstattung kann sie dazu mit differenzierter und diversitätssensibler Datenqualität wesentlich beitragen. Entsprechend solides Wissen soll nun mit dem Teilhabesurvey weiter ausgebaut und laufend verbessert werden.Die vorliegende narrative Übersicht zeichnet die Entwicklung der Teilhabeberichterstattung von der normativen und institutionellen Grundlegung bis zur aktuellen Daten- und Transformationsphase nach. Sie ordnet die Funktionen, Grenzen und offenen Baustellen der Berichterstattung und fragt, ob Berichte tatsächlich Teilhabe verbessern. Dazu werden begriffliche Grundlagen geklärt, methodische Entwicklungen und Datenprobleme analysiert, Spannungen zwischen unterschiedlichen Behinderungsverständnissen beleuchtet, aber auch die institutionellen Rollen dargestellt.
Ionic liquids are complex liquids characterized by high viscosity and high polarity. Their dynamics are of interest due to their use in many fields that require unconventional solvent environments. Here, we develop an MD-based forward-prediction framework to calculate NMR relaxation rates in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmim][BF4], and investigate their temperature and magnetic-field dependence. We show that the combination of intra- and intermolecular dipolar couplings and chemical shift anisotropy interactions allows accounting for the experimentally observed nuclear spin lifetimes when considering multimodal relaxation processes. A regularized inverse Laplace transformation of MD-derived interactions reveals generally bimodal motional processes active in both inter- and intramolecular effects. The presence of two main motional processes may be somewhat surprising for intramolecular effects, especially in the symmetric [BF4]- unit, but can be attributed to the restricted motion due to the local environment. We also highlight that the Bloembergen-Purcell-Pound (BPP) approach that is often used to characterize average motional correlation times is not reliable in most situations encountered with realistic systems. Consequently, we argue that achieving quantitative agreement between predicted and measured NMR relaxation rates offers a more robust route to extracting structural and dynamical information from complex liquids.
Extending Singh's theory of cultural "super-attractors," this commentary examines the Intensive Care Unit as a living model of the cultural manifold. In this high-acuity clinical environment, patients, families, and clinicians unconsciously reconstruct cultural super-attractors through ritual, cooperation, and shared humanitarian goals. Integrating psychiatric consultation reveals how these attractors transform unconscious adaptation into structured healing and recovery.