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This paper offers an active inference narrative that considers discriminatory behaviour in relation to the cognitive concept of zones of bounded surprisal (ZBS). It is argued that narrow ZBS band-widths characterise the discriminatory minds of people who see themselves as an in-group. They tend not to be indignant or outspoken, but acquiescent when they witness poor behaviour of those whom otherwise they regard as members of their in-group. When such behaviour harms other people, its perpetrators have a very narrow ZBS band-width: one that likely is a characteristic of dehumanising minds. Because such perpetrators see themselves as members of an in-group with entitlement to control aspects of society, they humiliate or abuse out-groups to which they assign others, and have no compunction about violating their dignity or human rights. We briefly consider policies that could lessen the unwelcome social repercussions of the behaviour of people with discriminatory and dehumanising minds.

Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand's seafood processing industry develop work-related musculoskeletal disorders from tasks such as repetitive shrimp peeling and standing for extended periods. These workers remain largely unreached by standard health interventions due to language barriers and cultural isolation. Developing effective study for this vulnerable population requires meaningful involvement of workers in the study design process, recognizing their experiential expertise while acknowledging the distinct roles of researchers and community members. This paper documents how involvement with stakeholders such as migrant workers themselves shaped the co-design of a study testing a culturally appropriate digital health intervention for managing existing symptoms and preventing progression of musculoskeletal disorders. This was a mixed-methods co-design study combining qualitative community engagement with quantitative expert validation. We conducted engagement sessions with 29 Myanmar migrant workers, organized into three groups by length of work experience (less than 2 years, 2-5 years, more than 5 years). We engaged 5 workplace stakeholders (human resource managers and production line supervisors) and consulted 4 international physical therapy experts for validation. Sessions were structured as conversations. Workers provided substantial input on intervention content, delivery methods, and practical requirements for the planned study. We accommodated their 12-hour work schedules, communicated in Myanmar language, and valued their experiential knowledge as essential for culturally appropriate study design. Thematic analysis identified key themes from worker input. Expert validators assessed the co-designed intervention using Content Validity Index (CVI) methodology. All participating workers reported hand symptoms including numbness, tingling, and pain. Workers expressed preferences for health information through platforms they used daily, with Facebook emerging as the clear preference over text-based materials or in-person workshops on their only day off. These insights shaped the study intervention: a 4-week intervention with 12 progressive exercises addressing observed strain patterns: forward-leaning postures and repetitive hand movements. Workers specified practical requirements such as exercises must function in small dormitory spaces, outside work hours, without equipment. The peer challenge format emerged from their suggestions about sustained engagement. The co-designed study intervention achieved strong content validity scores from expert validators (I-CVI: 0.95-1.00; S-CVI/Ave: 0.94). The engagement process also highlighted ethical considerations when working with vulnerable migrant populations, including managing power differentials and protecting workers from potential workplace repercussions. Workers possess essential knowledge about their needs and what works in their circumstances. We found that when research incorporates the input of the intended beneficiaries in study design, the result is a study intervention that is both clinically appropriate and practically usable. The co-designed intervention is now used for evaluation in the implementation research. This paper contributes a documented methodological approach to community involvement with a vulnerable migrant population, demonstrating that structured engagement can produce interventions meeting both worker feasibility requirements and clinical validity standards, while generating an honest account of the ethical tensions such work entails. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?: Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand’s seafood industry perform repetitive tasks like shrimp peeling while standing for long hours. This leads to pain in their hands, necks, backs, and other body parts. Language barriers, limited healthcare access, and demanding work schedules make it difficult for these workers to get help or learn how to prevent these problems. WHAT DID WE DO?: We worked directly with 29 Myanmar workers, workplace managers, and physical therapy experts to design a study that would test a health program on addressing pain in their hands, necks, backs, and other body parts specifically for this community. We sought input from workers to help shape the study based on what would actually work in their daily lives. We asked about their pain, their access to healthcare, and how they prefer to receive health information. WHAT DID WE FIND?: Every worker we spoke with experienced hand symptoms, and many also had neck, back, or leg pain. Workers told us they prefer getting health information through Facebook videos they can watch during their limited free time, rather than attending workshops on their only day off. They wanted short, practical exercises they could do in their dormitories without special equipment. We also encountered some ethical issues, including ensuring workers felt safe to speak honestly without fear of workplace consequences and addressing the power imbalance between researchers and workers in the co-design process. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?: By involving stakeholders including migrant workers themselves in designing this study, we created a Facebook-based program with simple exercises and health tips tailored to their needs that is now ready to be tested in a future study. We describe how migrant workers can be effective contributors in developing study that address their unique challenges, and digital platforms offer a practical way to reach people with demanding work schedules.

To understand the experiences lived by professionals and students participating in baby massage workshops: one of the activities of the Baby Massage and Stimulation (BMS) extension program. A phenomenological hermeneutic trajectory was undertaken with the question: what was your experience like in the baby massage workshop? At the request of the Health Promotion Program, Shantala massage workshops were conducted in the city of São José dos Campos, SP, aiming to implement the BMS program's educational action, characterized by Baby Massage and Stimulation Therapeutic Groups in the routine of maternal and child care in Basic Health Units. The meanings given to the experiences lived by workshop participants point to perspectives that help them in their ability to establish human relationships in professional spaces. Participants construct themselves, situate themselves, and create culture, realizing that the bond is also moral, contextual, ethical, and political. Dialogues between theory, technique, and practice are proposed in BMS program training settings, organizing and integrating new knowledge with existing knowledge, aiming at transformations. Compreender os sentidos vividos pelos profissionais e estudantes participantes das oficinas de massagem com bebês: uma das ações do programa de extensão Massagem e Estimulação com Bebês (MEB). Trajetória fenomenológica hermenêutica com a indagação: como foi sua experiência na oficina de massagem com bebês? Por solicitação do Programa de Promoção da Saúde, ministraram-se oficinas de massagem Shantala na cidade de São José dos Campos, SP, visando à implantação da ação educativa do programa MEB, caracterizada pelos Grupos Terapêuticos de Massagem e Estimulação com Bebês na rotina de cuidados materno-infantil das Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Os sentidos dados às experiências vividas pelos participantes das oficinas apontam perspectivas que os auxiliam na capacidade de estabelecer relações humanas nos espaços profissionais. Os participantes constroem a si mesmos, situam-se e fazem cultura, percebendo que o vínculo é também moral, contextual, ético e político. Nos cenários de formação do programa MEB, propõem-se diálogos entre teoria, técnica e prática, ao organizar e integrar novos conhecimentos aos já existentes, visando transformações. Comprender las experiencias vividas por profesionales y estudiantes que participan en talleres de masaje infantil: una de las actividades del programa de extensión de Masaje y Estimulación con Bebés (MEB). Enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico basado en la pregunta: ¿Cómo fue tu experiencia en el taller de masaje infantil? A solicitud del Programa de Promoción de la Salud, se realizaron talleres de masaje Shantala en la ciudad de São José dos Campos, SP, con el objetivo de implementar la acción educativa del programa MEB, caracterizada por el Masaje Terapéutico y Grupos de Estimulación con Bebés en la rutina de atención maternoinfantil en Unidades Básicas de Salud. Los significados otorgados a las experiencias vividas por los participantes de los talleres apuntan a perspectivas que les ayudan a desarrollar su capacidad para establecer relaciones humanas en espacios profesionales. Los participantes se construyen, se sitúan y crean cultura, reconociendo que el vínculo también es moral, contextual, ético y político. En los escenarios de formación del programa MEB, se proponen diálogos entre teoría, técnica y práctica, organizando e integrando nuevos conocimientos con los existentes, con el objetivo de generar transformaciones.

Nodular soft tissue abnormalities are common in the foot and ankle and often demonstrate overlapping magnetic resonance imaging features, typically showing high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. In contrast, T2-weighted hypointense soft tissue nodules are less common and encompass a range of neoplastic and pseudotumoral entities. Among these, Morton's neuroma is likely the most prevalent abnormality; however, other less common but clinically relevant lesions may appear with similar imaging features. This article focuses on three such conditions: rheumatoid nodules, tophaceous gout, and tenosynovial giant cell tumor. Although the imaging findings of these lesions themselves are often nonspecific, the associated features can provide important diagnostic clues. Rheumatoid nodules typically occur around the metatarsophalangeal joints, in areas subject to repeated mechanical stress, and usually present as multiple lesions with accompanying intermetatarsal bursitis. In contrast, tophaceous gout is rarely associated with interdigital bursitis, but more commonly it shows diffuse fatty muscle infiltration. Tenosynovial giant cell tumors are typically limited to a single joint space or tendon sheath and usually not associated with bursitis, pseudobursae, or fatty infiltration of the muscles.

People differ in how much they endorse collectivistic values (e.g., valuing group membership, and experiencing as essential in-group belonging, adhering to norms, and group connection). A posited behavioral consequence of valuing collectivism is that people may attempt to avoid group ruptures by actively seeking meaning in what their interaction partners say, asking themselves, "How might this make sense?" when a statement is ambiguous. Indeed, people who endorse collectivism find more meaning in ambiguous claims made by others. We investigate the robustness of this association and examine three theory-central potential moderators (communicator group membership, focus on meaning-making vs assessing accuracy, processing depth; N = 1,174). Across three experiments and in pooled analyses, higher collectivism is associated with rating ambiguous statements as more meaningful; this relationship is stronger when the communicator is from an in-group rather than an out-group, supporting the first posited moderator. We do not find support for the second moderator, perhaps due to the subtlety of our meaning vs. accuracy manipulation. And, while higher later incidental recall of communicator group membership is associated with finding more meaning in ambiguous statements, this incidental processing main effect is not consistently moderated by collectivism. Exploratory pooled analyses also suggest that people drew more meaning from ambiguous statements from a communicator who was a fellow student at their alma mater or at the rival university, rather than from a more contentious social group (their own or the rival political party). Moreover, at least just before and after a Presidential election in which Democrats were underdogs, collectivistic Republicans saw more meaning in messages from both Republicans and Democrats. Collectivistic Democrats saw more meaning only in messages from other Democrats. Our findings suggest that collectivism's effects on meaning-making are context-dependent --group type and group boundary salience shape effect sizes. Future research should consider this interplay.

Previous studies found that online communities are critical in supporting stroke survivors and caregivers for stroke recovery. However, it is unclear how such online communities are designed, or could be designed. This review aims to identify the key design elements of an online community to support stroke survivors and caregivers, that is, the actors, types of community support, and supporting technologies. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We included journal articles related to online community support for stroke. Editorials, registers, opinion pieces, letters, and conference papers were excluded. Online databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest were searched for articles published from January 2015 to June 2025. Articles were screened based on the title, abstract, and full text using Covidence software. After screening and full-text review, we read the selected articles in detail to analyze and synthesize information on key actors, types of support, and technologies used to support stroke survivors and caregivers. A total of 77 articles were included. These articles discussed digital support technologies (52 articles), community functions and roles (18 articles), online stroke community systems (6 articles), and the stroke ecosystem (1 article). Our review found that the online community of support for stroke survivors and caregivers includes the caregivers themselves (46 articles), health workers (24 articles), and the local community/society (14 articles). Online communities mainly provide informational support, including giving advice (28 articles) and tangible aids (29 articles), followed by social support to create a sense of belonging (26 articles). Technologies discussed included mobile health (25 articles), web-based systems (12 articles), virtual/augmented reality (8 articles), sensors/wearable technology (8 articles), video-guided exercise apps (4 articles), and telehealth/telerehabilitation/teleconsultation/telestroke (4 articles). Only one examined how cultural differences influence technology. Although technologies are essential in online communities of support for stroke survivors and caregivers, this review shows a lack of studies that analyze the use and role of technologies in such online communities. This could be because the key actors of the online communities are the caregivers, who mainly seek social support and therefore do not require sophisticated technology. Nevertheless, technologies such as telerehabilitation and video-guided exercise apps could be important for other actors, including the local community and health workers, to enable them to support stroke survivors and their caregivers.

We expound the notion of "distinct experience" (experientia distincta) as introduced in the writings of the early modern polymath Joachim Jungius (1587-1657) and operative in his scientific practice. After contextualizing "distinct experience" historically (e.g., vis-à-vis Francis Bacon's [1561-1626] concept of "experience") and embedding the notion conceptually into the broader category of "division" (divisio), we reconstruct the "Problem of Distinct Experience": Jungius' epistemology of science involves a circularity or an infinite regress because scientific methods (inductions and demonstrations) presuppose divisions, which are, in turn, built on distinct experiences, themselves presupposing divisions. However, we argue through a careful historical case study on his investigations of fossilia that his research practice shows why the problem posed only a limited threat for him and his contemporaries. We finish with a brief philosophical appraisal, contrasting his views with those of Jacopo Zabarella (1533-1589).

The fact that woody breast (WB) is currently detected only post-mortem limits our understanding of this economically relevant broiler myopathy. We aimed to determine whether restricted wing movement could serve as a non-invasive indicator of WB in live birds, and whether it would affect a broiler's ability to self-right. We tested 58 fast growth broilers across three commercial farms within two days of market age (45-52 days of age). Broilers were categorized based on the distance between the glenohumeral joints measured to the nearest half centimeter across the back while the wings were extended backwards: complete extension (0 cm), moderate wing partition (1.5-5 cm) and pronounced wing partition (&#x2265; 5.5 cm). Each broiler was then placed on its back, and time to self-right was recorded (up to 60 s maximum). Post-mortem palpation of the Pectoralis major muscle was used to assess WB severity. Moderate or pronounced wing partition detected WB with an accuracy of 93.1%, sensitivity of 95.5%, specificity of 85.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.5%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 85.7%. Pronounced wing partition detected severe WB with an accuracy of 82.8%, sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 81.3%, PPV of 78.6%, and NPV of 86.7%. Self-righting was affected by both wing partition and WB presence and severity. Broilers with a pronounced wing partition were less likely to self-right than those with no or moderate wing partition (one-tailed Fischer's Exact Test, p < 0.05). All 14 broilers without WB successfully righted themselves whereas only 6 of 26 broilers with severe WB were able to do so. The median times to self-right differed by WB severity (Kruskal-Wallis &#x3c7;&#xb2; = 24.36, p < 0.05; 1.36 s, 1.86 s, and 60 s for broilers without WB, with moderate, and with severe WB, respectively). Our findings show that wing partition is an accurate, non-invasive indicator of WB in live birds. Furthermore, pronounced wing partition is associated with impaired self-righting ability reflecting a bird welfare concern.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is widespread globally, affecting more than half of the world's population. However, traditional detection methods that have been used for decades, have several limitations, such as invasiveness and the requirement for endoscopy to acquire biopsy samples. Given the severity and complexity of the diseases caused by H. pylori, biosensors provide a practical solution for H. pylori detection, offering a valuable approach to simple, accurate, rapid, and highly specific identification of stomach cancer in its early stages. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of various biosensors categorized into distinct sections based on their classification. Different electrochemical sensors, aptamer-based, optical, whole-cell, enzyme-based and immunosensors that have already been developed for the detection of various biomarkers of H. pylori are summarized. Future research should focus on developing more reliable, easier, cost-effective and valid H. pylori biomarker-based biosensors to enhance diagnostics and therapeutic outcomes. There is also a need to commercialize these biosensors, enabling individuals to detect disease themselves at home or facilitating real-time detection. The successful translation of these biosensors from laboratory settings to commercial use necessitates a series of defined steps, which warrant immediate prioritization.

This narrative review examines the "efficacy-effectiveness gap" in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy by comparing outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with global and Indian real-world evidence (RWE) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Across all three conditions, real-world outcomes consistently fall short of those observed in RCTs. In nAMD, studies such as AURA report minimal visual gains by Year 2 (+0.6 letters) compared to +8 to +10 letters in RCTs, largely attributable to fewer injections administered in practice. Indian data, including the ARMOUR study, reflect similarly reduced injection frequencies alongside issues such as delayed presentation. For DME, global RWE demonstrates modest improvements in visual acuity with fewer injections per year than in RCTs, while Indian cohorts show even lower treatment intensity, resulting in anatomical stabilization without meaningful visual gains. Outcomes in RVO are also compromised by incomplete loading doses and inadequate follow-up. The primary drivers of this gap include undertreatment, variability in patient populations, and socioeconomic barriers that affect adherence and access to care. Overall, the discrepancy appears to stem more from real-world treatment challenges than from limitations of the therapies themselves. Addressing this gap will require practical approaches such as implementing Treat-and-Extend regimens, promoting earlier diagnosis and intervention, enhancing patient engagement, and increasing the use of cost-effective or longer-acting treatment options, particularly in resource-constrained settings like India.

The global use of social media, particularly Instagram, has considerably increased. At the start of 2024, according to social media platforms, Pakistan recorded 54.38 million social media users aged 18 and older, accounting for 38.9% of the adult population. This rapid digital expansion compelled us to study how Instagram use contributes to social comparison, and its subsequent impact on&#xa0;mental wellbeing among university students. Adopting a quantitative approach, the study conducted online surveys to explore the relationship between Instagram use and mental well-being. A sample of 515 was selected from two well-known universities in Islamabad through convenience sampling. The sample includes 515 male and female students aged between 18 and 25, applying a conditional mediation model (CoMe Model) evaluated by SmartPLS. The findings indicate that increased Instagram use strongly predicts decreased self-esteem (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.661, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), which is linked to higher levels of depression (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.439, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). The indirect effect of Instagram use on depression via self-esteem was significant (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.290, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), while the direct effect became non-significant when self-esteem was included, suggesting full mediation. Importantly, the strength of the mediated pathway varied with levels of upward comparison. The indirect effect was lower among those with high levels of upward comparison (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.116) and stronger among those with low levels (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.201), with the moderated mediation index also reaching significance (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.035, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.016). These results show that the psychological impact of Instagram use on mental wellbeing is variable and depends on users' tendency to&#xa0;compare themselves with others.

To explore how receiving gerontological nurse telephone support assisted caregivers of older adults to provide care after hospital discharge. Informal caregivers are vital to the recovery of older patients after hospital discharge, but often feel under-prepared and unsupported. The need to strengthen caregiver support is becoming increasingly important due to the growing population of older adults and their needs for hospital services. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial examined how nurse telephone support assisted caregivers in their caring role at the time of hospital discharge. A qualitative descriptive study. A purposive sample of informal caregivers (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;47) who had received nurse telephone support was recruited. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants at six (March 21-January 23) and 12&#x2009;months (August 2021-June 2023) after the older adult's discharge. The nurses used a problem-solving approach to provide support. Transcripts were analysed inductively using content narrative analysis. Two themes emerged: (i) mastery and skills to care; (ii) empowerment to care. Caregiver mastery was developed through nurses providing tailored support that assisted caregivers to develop a structured approach to problem-solving, apply problem-solving to their personal circumstances, increase capacity and skills, and manage workload more effectively. Empowerment resulted from nurses creating a nurturing environment where caregivers developed a positive inner dialogue, increased confidence and capacity to foster a positive relationship with the care recipient and valued themselves. Synthesizing these themes via a concept map explained how nurse support assisted caregivers of older adults become more prepared to care and increase self-efficacy. Nurse telephone support can facilitate caregivers of older adults discharged from hospital to undertake problem-solving that is effective for their individual circumstances and empower them to care. Telephone calls enabled nurses to provide timely, tailored support for caregivers of older adults after hospital discharge. Nurses can provide expert, professional guidance via telephone to support caregivers be more prepared to care when older adults are discharged from hospital. This support should extend beyond instructions related to the care recipients' immediate needs and include the provision of knowledge and coaching to support a structured approach to problem-solving. Allocating dedicated time for hospital nurses to deliver caregiver support should be considered an integral component of person-centred care. This research strengthens the evidence for the valuable contribution that nurses can make to improving hospital discharge services. This study was reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. The research team includes consumer investigator (HL) who provided input throughout the research, including design, procedures, data analysis and manuscript authorship. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ACTRN12620000060943.

Allelopathy has been viewed as an interaction in which plant-released secondary metabolites suppress the growth of neighboring plants through direct toxic effects. However, this perspective likely overestimates the role of toxicity. It remains unresolved whether the inhibitory effects commonly attributed to allelopathy primarily reflect passive physiological damage in recipient plants or instead arise from actively regulated responses initiated by the recipients themselves. Here, we establish an integrative framework to re-evaluate allelopathic effects, using Chrysanthemum seticuspe as an ecologically representative recipient species. Rather than treating allelopathy as an intrinsic property of a single donor plant, we adopt a recipient-centered perspective and systematically examine responses across developmental, cellular, physiological, hormonal, and transcriptomic scales, with interactions involving Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) leaf litter powder serving as an illustrative case. Growth assays revealed persistent suppression of early radicle elongation in recipient plants. Notably, this suppression was not associated with widespread cellular structural disruption. Instead, recipient plants exhibited predominantly coordinated regulatory responses, including transient oxidative signaling, activation of detoxification pathways, extensive hormonal reprogramming, and downregulation of growth-associated metabolic processes. Together, these responses indicate a regulated shift toward defense-prioritized developmental states rather than irreversible toxic injury. Collectively, our findings support a reinterpretation of allelopathy as a process that operates primarily through allelochemical interference, inducing active regulatory reprogramming in recipient plants. Under natural, low-concentration conditions, such interactions are likely to function as chemo-ecological filters that modulate plant development, tolerance, and competitive outcomes, thereby shaping plant coexistence and community.

Trust is an essential component of the physician-patient relationship, influencing treatment compliance and satisfaction. Lack of trust, particularly in surgical prescriptions, can lead to more visits, lower treatment quality, and higher healthcare costs. This study aimed to identify the attributes influencing musculoskeletal patients' trust in surgeons. In the current study the discrete choice experiment (DCE) was administered to 400 musculoskeletal patients. Attributes were identified through a literature review and 28 patient interviews, and a fractional factorial design (D-efficient) produced eight choice sets. Participants completed eight binary choice tasks; data were analyzed using conditional logit choice models (Stata 17), overall and by subgroups. Reputation of the physician (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.363) compared to not being famous, male physician (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.307), performing surgery by the physician themselves (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.366) compared to performing surgery probably by a physician, appropriate communication (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.212), recommended by friends/relatives (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.137), and recommendation by other physicians (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.099) compared to not recommended, were significantly related to patient trust in physicians (P-value&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Men (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.597) have more trust in famous physicians than women (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.141). Trust is higher in all age groups, especially in those over 51 (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.197). Rural residents value a physician's reputation more (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;6.110) than urban residents (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.256). The results indicated that several attributes are involved in patients' trust. In general, the reputation of the physician, male physician, performing the surgery by the physician themselves, establishing proper communication with the patient, and recommendations by friends/relatives and other physicians were strongly associated with on patients' trust in the surgeon prescription.

We present a computational workflow, the Conformal Sampling of Catalytic Processes (CSCP) approach, and its application to the case of heterogeneous hydrogenation/reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) on copper and nickel catalysts. CO2 activation is of critical importance for a sustainable global future and one of the major reactions for which sustainable routes must be found urgently. We use the fcc(100) facet of Cu as a worked-out case, and exhaustively derive at the DFT level its reaction mechanisms. We then apply CSCP to first derive a Machine Learning Interatomic Potential (MLIP) for this initial system, and then carry over the knowledge derived on Cu(100) to a pure monometallic facet, Ni(100), to rapidly derive a MLIP for this different system, so as to test the transferability of the approach. The accuracy of the so-derived MLIPs is excellent, predicting both reaction energies and energy barriers for all the mechanistic steps of this complex reaction diagram with consistent and uniform accuracy, with a maximum discrepancy of 0.05 eV for Cu and 0.03 eV for Ni. In the exception cases in which this discrepancy is larger, we show and rationalize that this is due to a change in the reaction mechanism, where the MLIP simulations explore pathways different from the reference DFT ones, without however prejudicing their absolute accuracy. The CSCP-MLIPs are thus shown to be able to assure a transferability en par with the best physics-based models, provide alternative atomistic mechanisms of catalytic processes, and offer themselves as a tool for catalyst rational design on a process societally relevant and exhibiting significant catalytic complexity.

The elderly are underrepresented in clinical research despite having a higher morbidity than younger people. Much of the knowledge we have about treating the elderly is based on results from younger people, and one cannot be sure that treatment has the same effect on old as on younger people. Therefore, we need to include the elderly in research. Although recruitment factors hindering the involvement of older people in research are usually the same as reported factors hindering involvement of younger people, the elderly rarely seek it out by themselves. Nevertheless, they often want to participate in research projects and describe it as a positive experience, as argued in this review.

Existing literature indicates that subjective age-the age an individual feels or perceives themselves to be-is associated with various health outcomes. However, its relationship with global indicators such as intrinsic capacity remains inadequately explored. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between subjective age and intrinsic capacities, which encompass mobility, cognition, hearing, vision, mood, and nutrition. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted at baseline, followed by a longitudinal analysis over 8 months, based on the INSPIRE-T project launched in 2019 at a single center in Toulouse, France. The study included individuals aged 50 and above, with 744 participants at baseline, decreasing to 557 for the longitudinal analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed for each component of intrinsic capacity and a linear regression was conducted on a global score for impaired intrinsic capacities (0-6). Participants had a mean age of 70.9&#xa0;years, and 457 (61%) were women. Compared to feeling one's age, feeling younger was significantly associated with less impairment in the intrinsic capacity global score both cross-sectionally (-0.23 [-0.39 to -0.07]) and at 8&#xa0;months (-0.18 [-0.35 to -0.01]). Feeling older exhibited a non-significant opposite trend. Analysis of each intrinsic capacity domain revealed associations between subjective age and mood, mobility, and hearing. This study demonstrates that feeling younger than one's age is associated with better overall intrinsic capacities at baseline and lesser decline over the monitoring period. Routine assessment of subjective age could help to identify individuals who may benefit from prevention strategies and could promote patient-centered care by providing deeper insights into individuals' perceptions of aging. The INSPIRE-T study has been registered on the site http://clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT04224038) on October 15, 2019.

Peer tutoring is a well-established approach to supporting learning that encourages knowledge exchange and social interaction among students. In this setting, more experienced students take on the role of tutors and assist their peers in developing both theoretical understanding and practical skills. At the Bern College of Nursing (BZ Pflege) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), this approach is specifically applied to teaching the insertion of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs). In this article, four peer tutors share their reflections on this experience, highlighting both the challenges and the benefits of this teaching method. The preparation of peer tutors is structured through a comprehensive training program, which includes theoretical online preparation, practical skills training, and didactic instruction. During the teaching sessions, tutors lead small groups, demonstrate peripheral venous catheter (PVC) insertion according to Peyton's Four-Step Approach, and supervise students as they practice. Insights were gathered through peer-to-peer discussions among the tutors, feedback from course participants, and self-reflection. Peer tutoring benefits not only the learners but also the tutors themselves, enhancing their professional, didactic, and social competencies. Tutors improve their communication and leadership skills, develop problem-solving strategies, and strengthen their decision-making abilities. Supervising small groups creates a supportive learning environment and allows for individualized adaptation of instruction to meet students' needs. Peer tutoring is a valuable complement to traditional teaching methods. Students benefit from practical, hands-on instruction and direct feedback, while tutors acquire important competencies for their professional practice. Therefore, peer tutoring should be further promoted and integrated into education. Peer-Tutoring ist eine bew&#xe4;hrte Methode zur Lernf&#xf6;rderung, die den Wissensaustausch und soziale Interaktion unter Studierenden st&#xe4;rkt. Erfahrenere Studierende &#xfc;bernehmen die Rolle der Lehrenden und unterst&#xfc;tzen ihre Peers in theoretischen und praktischen Fertigkeiten. Am Berner Bildungszentrum Pflege (BZ-Pflege) und der ETH Z&#xfc;rich wird das Projekt gezielt zur Vermittlung des peripheren Venenkatheter (PVK) Legens eingesetzt. In diesem Beitrag reflektieren vier Peer-Tutorierende ihre Erfahrungen und beleuchten Herausforderungen sowie Vorteile dieser Lehrmethode. Die Vorbereitung erfolgt durch ein strukturiertes Schulungsprogramm, mit theoretischer Online-Vorbereitung, praktischer Technikschulung und didaktischem Training. Im Unterricht leiten die Tutorierenden Kleingruppen an, demonstrieren die PVK-Anlage nach der Vier-Schritt-Methode nach Peyton und begleiten die Studierenden beim &#xdc;ben. Erkenntnisse wurden durch Austausch unter den Tutorierenden, Feedback der Kursteilnehmenden und Selbstreflexion gewonnen. Peer-Tutoring kommt nicht nur den Lernenden zugute, sondern f&#xf6;rdert auch fachliche, didaktische und soziale Kompetenzen der Tutorierenden. Sie verbessern ihre Kommunikations- und F&#xfc;hrungskompetenzen, entwickeln Probleml&#xf6;sungsstrategien und st&#xe4;rken ihre Entscheidungsf&#xe4;higkeit. Die Betreuung in kleinen Gruppen schafft eine lernf&#xf6;rderliche Atmosph&#xe4;re und erm&#xf6;glicht individuelle Anpassung des Unterrichts. Peer-Tutoring ist eine wertvolle Erg&#xe4;nzung traditioneller Lehrmethoden. Studierende profitieren von praxisnahem Unterricht und direktem Feedback, Tutorierende erwerben wichtige Kompetenzen f&#xfc;r ihre berufliche T&#xe4;tigkeit. Daher sollte Peer-Tutoring weiter gef&#xf6;rdert und in die Ausbildung integriert werden.

Stroke is one of the most frequently mistriaged medical emergencies. As a result, significant efforts have been made to identify blood biomarkers that could aid in stroke recognition. Large numbers of studies have reported candidate assays with seemingly high levels of diagnostic performance; however, practices employed in many of these studies could limit generalizability. Thus, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to clarify whether any of the assays proposed to date have true potential for clinical use. To do this, we quantified the influence of a wide range of possible translational confounds on the diagnostic performance estimates published for 863 single analyte or multianalyte assays investigated for stroke recognition over the past 30 years. We found that up to 56% of&#xa0;the variance in reported levels of diagnostic performance could be directly attributed to latent study design and reporting factors, rather than true differences in the diagnostic capacity of the assays themselves. After correcting for these factors and further considering analytical measurability in the target use environment, not a single assay displayed evidence of clinical utility. Our results clarify the current state of the push towards a viable blood-based stroke diagnostic, and also provide a contextual framework that can be used to more critically evaluate the broader space of molecular biomarker research.