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This article describes the observation of a clinical case of a vascular branched tumour (hemangioma) of the external ear with special reference to the clinical features and diagnostics of this condition and the methods for its surgical treatment. Представлены особенности клиники, диагностики и методы хирургического лечения гемангиомы наружного уха.
Out of 60 males aged 41 +/- 1 suffering from mild arterial hypertension (158 +/- 4/100 +/- 2 mm Hg) a hereditary load by hypertension was found in 63.3%, serum cholesterol levels reached 200 mg/dl in 85% of the patients. The patients with the load and enhanced Na-Li countertransport (403 +/- 49 mumol Li/1/cell/hr against 185 +/- 28 mumol Li/1/cell/hr in those without hereditary predisposition, p < 0.05) showed a significantly higher serum level of IgA and IgE (3.68 +/- 0.33 g/l and 127 +/- 14 U/ml vs 2.61 +/- 0.33 g/l and 79 +/- 15 U/ml, respectively, in those without the load, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). An IgE level significantly correlated with the amplitude of norepinephrine vascular reactivity (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). The discussion is concerned with IgE hyperproduction significance. Correlating with the amplitude of vascular reactivity on sympathetic stimuli and being independent of hypertension magnitude, this hyperproduction may underlie a high risk of atherosclerosis and vascular complications as a result of IgE-mediated vascular reactions in young subjects with mild hypertension in hereditary loading, erythrocytic accelerated Na-Li countertransport and lipid metabolism derangement.
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The clinical, neuropsychological and computed tomography (CT) data were studied in 180 elderly and senile patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. The most informative CT-parameters for the assessment of the cerebral atrophy in such cases were the width and the ratio of the 3 ventricle, the width of the frontal horns and the summarized frontal distance. Evaluating the CT data, it is necessary to take into account age and sex of the patients. The most pronounced neurological and neuropsychological disorders in elderly and senile patients with the cerebrovascular insufficiency were associated with more dilated cerebral ventricles.
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Neurohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the sympathetic innervation of the cardiovascular system indicated its important role in the age alterations and genesis of certain diseases. Early beginning (from the age of 30) of the involution of the heart adrenergic plexus is confirmed in healthy persons. Focal desympathization of the myocardium is detected in sudden cardiac death. A decrease of sympathetic plexus density in zones undergoing atherosclerotic changes is of importance in the genesis of atherosclerosis. In arterial hypertension a primary stage of sympathetic neurones hypertrophy is changed into the phase of the mediators exhaustion in the sympathetic plexus. Myocardiopathies are characterized by progressing myocardial desympathization. An important problem of cardiosurgery is methods of heart reinnervation at its transplantation.
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Polypeptide factor isolated from vascular wall of the cattle ("vasonin") was shown to affect the immunogenesis and hemostasis, to stimulate kallikrein-kinin system and to accelerate processes of regeneration.
Thirty patients with systemic sclerosis (SS), aged 20-55 years, illness duration 1-10 years, were observed. Vasospastic syndrome of different expression predominated in the clinical picture of the disease. Among neurological signs, prevalent were peripheral nervous system lesion--isolated (20% of the cases) or in combination with chronic insufficiency of brain circulation (80%). Vascular pathology was distinctly determined by ophthalmoscopy: angiopathy was found in 42% of the patients, angiospasm--in 25%, angiosclerosis--in 17%. The following types of disorders characterized brain blood flow: distonic (42%), dyscirculatory (33%), normotonic (17%), hypotonic (8%). Besides, 83% of the patients had hemispheric asymmetry of blood flow and difficulties with venous outflow. In some cases, the signs of inner, external and combined hydrocephalia were determined by CT and MRI; more than a half of the patients had dilatation or deformation of brain ventricular system with intracranial hypertension. The data obtained suggest that extra- and intracranial blood flow pathology in SS may, to a large extent, determine both organic brain lesion development in general and the genesis of many symptoms (headaches, vestibular disorders, etc).
As many as 56 patients with associated hemorrhagic fever and the renal syndrome were examined for vascular permeability, microcirculation and blood plasma histamine, serotonin, kallikrein and prekallikrein. In all the disease periods, the majority of the patients (n-52) demonstrated a rise of vascular permeability for protein and liquid part of the plasma, with this being marked in particular in the oligoanuric period. Besides, significant perivascular and intravascular changes in microcirculation were noted in the oligoanuric and polyuric disease periods. It was established during examination of biologically active substances that the greatest shifts were experienced by the kinin system. Sometimes the content of kallikrein surpassed the control values more than 7-fold. Less pronounced changes were seen in blood plasma serotonin and histamine. A direct correlation was established between vascular permeability, microcirculation and the content of all biologically active substances explored by the authors. The strongest correlation was found to exist between the above parameters and the kinin system of blood plasma.
Microscopic study of the cerebral vessels revealed coarse morphological changes in the tunical intima. Changes were seen in the arteries, veins and sinuses of the dura mater; they were of a chronic progressive character and formed the basis for the development of acute cerebral circulatory disorders in the postoperative period in patients with craniopharyngiomas. A pathoanatomical study on the vascular system of the brain was conducted in order to determine the causes of frequent vascular complications in the surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas. The vascular system of the brain was examined in 12 female and 23 male patients, aged 3.5-45, who died within 1-28 days following the total, subtotal, or partial removal of a tumor. Samples for micrroscopic examination were embedded in celloidin and stained with hematoxylin, eosin, or orcein. Microscopic examination of the cerebral vessels revealed severe morphological changes in the tunicae intimae of all of the patients. Changes were observed in arteries, veins, and sinuses of the dura mater. From the pathoanatomical data, it is concluded that patients with craniopharyngiomas develop chronic changes in the vascular system of the brain, especially in the basal arteries. These changes lead to a progressive deficit in the blood supply and can cause acute disorders in cerebral circulation during the postoperative period.
Mathematical model of biological age of the cardiovascular system was determined by multiple linear regression analysis in 100 normal subjects aged 30-74 years on the basis of central hemodynamic, microcirculation, and vascular reactivity parameters. The rate of cardiovascular aging is decreased in elderly subjects. Before 60 years of age the rate of aging is higher in men than in women.
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