搜索结果：shatters

While organoids hold immense promise as in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models, their translational utility is fundamentally constrained by passive diffusion limits (>800 μm), which inevitably trigger necrotic core formation and stochastic structural heterogeneity. This review elucidates how bioprinting shatters these physical bottlenecks by executing a paradigm shift toward spatiotemporal determinism. We systematically decode the mechanobiological evolution of bioinks-charting the transition from exogenous static matrices, which now function as temporal controllers via tunable stress relaxation to direct YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction, to the emerging paradigm of "engineerable living bioinks" driven by endogenous, cadherin-mediated fluid-to-solid jamming transitions. Furthermore, we critically evaluate frontier spatial strategies, highlighting how sacrificial networks and deterministic multi-material assembly establish active convective infrastructures and precise biophysical boundary conditions. By enforcing this rigorous baseline, these technologies definitively rectify pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) distortions-eradicating false-positive noise in high-throughput screening and bridging the post-implantation mass transport vacuum-elevating organoids from stochastic clusters to highly predictive pathophysiological macro-models. Ultimately, we posit that transitioning from isolated morphological fabrication to resolving the inherent systemic metabolic paradoxes of multi-lineage integration is the absolute prerequisite for clinical translation.

Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.) is an aquatic grain endemic to North America and a member of the Oryzeae tribe. As an outcrossing crop with a short breeding history, domestication progress in cultivated NWR (cNWR) is ongoing, and seed shattering remains a major barrier to yield stability. In this study, we investigated the developmental and genetic mechanisms underlying seed retention by integrating phenotypic, anatomical, and molecular analyses across wild and cultivated populations. Time-course phenotyping using four methods revealed a ∼90% reduction and 2-week delay in shattering in cNWR relative to wild populations. Histological analysis indicated differential anatomical reorganization of the abscission layer in cNWR compared to the wild type. Comparative genomic analyses identified multiple NWR homologs of key Oryza sativa shattering genes, revealing lineage-specific gene duplication, pseudogenization, and divergence from Zizania latifolia. Expression profiling of candidate genes via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction across floret developmental stages identified the gene ZpSh5c as a potential regulator of seed shattering. Together, these findings provide new insights into the anatomical and molecular basis of seed shattering in NWR and demonstrate the utility of comparative frameworks for accelerating trait improvement in emerging, non-model crops. Northern Wild Rice (NWR, Zizania palustris) has been grown in irrigated paddies in the United States since the 1950s. Seed shattering, that is, when ripe seed separates from the plant pedicel, reduces grain yields in cultivated NWR (cNWR) production. However, little is known about this process. This study compared the seed shattering of two cNWR populations to a wild, unselected population. We found that cNWR seed retention increased ∼90% compared to the time when the wild type shatters, and cNWR began shattering about 2 weeks later than the wild type. Imaging of a layer of cells that lead to shattering at the pedicel, where the seed and stem meet, also revealed differences between cNWR and the wild type. Being closely related to white rice, we leveraged available white rice genomic resources to identify potential NWR genes that may be associated with seed shattering. We found that the gene, ZpSh5c may have a possible role in seed shattering in NWR and warrants further research.

Relaxor ferroelectric crystals are cornerstone materials for electromechanical and electro-optic technologies, yet the antagonism between piezoelectric performance and optical transparency has persistently impeded device integration. Here, we demonstrate that Sm3+ doping in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals shatters this conventional compromise, achieving an exceptional piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 3500 pC/N) by [001]-poling and a large electro-optic coefficient (γc = 700 pm/V) by [110]-poling while retaining >70% optical transmittance across the visible-near-infrared spectrum. Through multiscale structural analysis, we unveil that Sm3+ incorporation induces lattice contraction and catalyzes the formation of polar nanoregions (PNRs), leading to a polymorphic nanodomain architecture (20-200 nm) that facilitates low-energy polarization rotation and minimizes domain wall pinning. Notably, [110] crystallographic poling is identified as the optimal configuration for balancing an enhanced piezoelectric response (d33 = 1600 pC/N) with superior optical clarity. These crystals concurrently maintain practical thermal stability (TRT > 70 °C) and mechanical quality factors (Qm ≈ 105). Our work establishes rare-earth doping as a universal materials-design strategy for engineering multifunctional ferroelectrics that transcend traditional property limitations.

Automated mobile microscopy in Internet of Things (IoT) networks is essential for scaling malaria screening in resource-constrained environments. Deploying standard convolutional architectures here introduces severe adversarial vulnerabilities. Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) mitigates hardware constraints by converting floating-point models to 8-bit integers (INT8); however, its impact on clinical safety and security remains unexplored. This study presents an adversarial audit of quantized Vision Transformers for medical edge deployment. We evaluated a Swin-Tiny transformer against ViT-Tiny and MobileNetV3 baselines using a 27,558-image malaria dataset and an out-of-distribution (OOD) White Blood Cell dataset. Our findings redefine the "Quantization Shield" hypothesis. PTQ compresses the Swin model by 3.9× (to 27.89 MB) with a negligible 0.11% accuracy drop, maintaining statistical reliability on OOD tests. However, the hypothesized architectural resilience shatters under white-box Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) attacks. Despite robustness against single-step attacks, both MobileNetV3 and the INT8 Swin-Tiny collapse to 0.00% accuracy under iterative PGD. Conversely, the quantized Swin-Tiny resists black-box transfer attacks from a surrogate, maintaining 81.00% accuracy. We conclude that while quantized Vision Transformers meet mobile sensor constraints, integer quantization provides zero innate defense against targeted iterative perturbations, exposing a critical vulnerability in diagnostic IoT networks.

Crown gall disease, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is a tumor-inducing bacterial infection that alters host plant physiology. While this pathogen is extensively used in plant biotechnology, its role in shaping interactions with herbivorous insects remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of A. tumefaciens infection on the population dynamics of the papaya whitefly, Trialeurodes variabilis, and on the growth of papaya (Carica papaya) plants. Two greenhouse trials were conducted using healthy plants and plants in the Agrobacterium treatment. In the first trial, densities of whitefly adults were significantly higher in the Agrobacterium treatment. Similarly, in the second trial, densities of whitefly eggs and nymphs were significantly higher in the Agrobacterium treatment. Additionally, plants in the Agrobacterium treatment in the second trial exhibited reductions in plant height, canopy width, stem diameter, and SPAD index. Despite these changes, A. tumefaciens-infected plants remained suitable for supporting whitefly development. These results suggest that A. tumefaciens infection may promote whitefly population growth, highlighting how plant pathogens may influence plant-herbivore interactions. This study offers new insights into how plant-microbe interactions can influence herbivore populations and overall plant health.

Along with bodily suffering, tuberculosis causes various socio-economic problems, including major crises on the personal end. For medically admitted chronic TB patients, a hospital is a place of more than only treatment that over time becomes a living place. The present study explored the individual patients' perspectives on TB treatment. The present ethnographic study was undertaken among the admitted tuberculosis patients of both sexes in the 18-70 age group in a referral government TB hospital in Odisha. Thirty selected in-depth interviews and case studies were taken to collect the data. TB challenges and in several contexts shatters the socio-economic conditions of such patients bringing several crises at the individual and interpersonal levels. The findings of the study suggest that social marginalization, poor socio-economic conditions, loss of livelihood, desertion, and abandonment of women and elderly, gender disparity while seeking health and treatment, gender-based family negligence, stigma, superstitious beliefs, and traditional medicinal practices had heavy bearings in tuberculosis patients' lives. The present hospital ethnography on TB patients indicates that emphasizing patients' perspectives, provision of socio-psychological support at community and institutional levels in the hospital ward, and addressing tuberculosis-associated concerns have important positive outcomes in patients' lives; it will also have major support in treatment adherence and early recovery by ensuring successful TB management and elimination.

Citrus greening disease, also known as huanglongbing (HLB), is the most serious vector-borne bacterial disease of citrus worldwide and an emblematic case of perennial crop decline caused by insect vector-borne disease. There is an immediate global need to provide the citrus industry with relief from HLB and a return to profitable citrus production. Discovery of HLB treatments typically involve various laboratory-based assays, which then advance to greenhouse and eventually field testing in a workflow that takes multiple years. We present a field-forward experimental framework, "Grove-First," that reverses the traditional laboratory-to-field pipeline by prioritizing outcome-based screening. Grove-First rapidly screens and validates treatments with regulatory-friendly profiles in commercial citrus groves using trunk injection to select treatments that improve tree health and fruit yield over the course of a single growing season. The Grove-First framework represents a generalizable systems approach for translational agricultural research, applicable to perennial crops where disease impact, long development timelines, and real-world variability demand in-field, outcome-based screening. Using this framework, we identified candidate treatments with effects comparable to or better than the standard oxytetracycline on visual tree-health and/or yield indices in an initial screen of HLB-positive 8-year-old 'Valencia' sweet orange trees. Expanded trials in commercial citrus groves allowed us to validate the initial screening results at other locations and in other citrus varieties. Grove-First rapidly accelerated the identification and large-scale field testing of HLB therapies, some of which are available for growers to use immediately and others that require further field testing and/or regulatory actions.

Delivery of biomolecules into plant vascular tissues remains a barrier to managing diseases caused by insect vector-borne pathogens and to modifying phenotypes of established perennial crops. Inspired by the vascularized growth of crown galls induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, we repurposed the bacterium's plant growth regulator (PGR) genes to engineer autonomously dividing, transgene-expressing plant cell structures termed symbionts. A plant transformation vector (pSYM) incorporating the IaaM, IaaH, Ipt and gene5 cassette from A. tumefaciens strain C58 together with a gene of interest on the same transfer DNA was delivered to stems of herbaceous and woody dicots using disarmed A. tumefaciens strain EHA105. Symbiont morphology, vascular differentiation, transgene expression, molecular mobility and protein secretion were evaluated using microscopy, fluorescent reporters, dye tracing, RNA silencing assays and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. pSym inoculation reproducibly generated symbionts across diverse host plant species that were vascularly integrated into their host plants and transgene expression ranging from heterogeneous niches to more uniform patterns. Small molecules moved between symbionts and host vascular tissues, whereas larger proteins exhibited more restricted mobility. Post-transcriptional gene silencing signals moved freely throughout the symbiont and slightly into adjacent stem tissue. Under tested field and greenhouse conditions in potato and tomato, respectively, gall or symbiont formation had no negative impacts on plant growth or tuber and fruit yield. In vitro, symbiont cultures abundantly secreted recombinant protein into surrounding media. Together, these results establish symbionts as a modular, plant bioengineering platform capable of producing and potentially delivering biomolecules without modifying the host plant genome, providing a foundation for vascular-targeted therapeutics and phenotype modulation in crops.

This work explores recent industrial action by doctors in the British National Health Service (NHS) through a psychoanalytic lens, exploring psychosocial context and the role of unconscious phantasy. Doctor strikes are conceptualised as a protest against devaluation. Expressed motivation for strike action, a real-term pay reduction, is symbolic of deeper societal devaluation of healthcare and those who provide it; pay restoration serves as a phantastic object through which amends can be made. Layers of holding and containment are identified, from the function of the health, or rather anti-death, service in containing deep-rooted anxiety around illness and death, to the holding, typically in limited supply, experienced by staff members working in health services, to the containing function individual staff provide for their patients.Strike action shatters the NHS as a container, primitive anxieties emerge and primitive defences are activated. Anger expressed through protest causes an impact, expressing a demand to be recognised and valued. The time and space of the strike has generative potential; implications of breaking the 'broken' NHS give impetus to finding a way forward. Exploration of unconscious phantasy underpinning industrial action and public response may bring insight to negotiations, enabling grounded and coherent solutions to be derived.

In India, sexual harassment (SH) is broadly recognized as unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature, ranging from inappropriate comments and touching to sexual assault. We hypothesized that an iceberg phenomenon exists in SH and attempted to document the gap between perceived and actual SH experiences faced by working women in the Indian healthcare setting. The study offers recommendations based on the research findings. A multicentric research was conducted across four zones of India, employing a cross-sectional design with online surveys and face-to-face interviews among female healthcare workers. 'Perceived SH' was assessed by asking the criterion question: 'Have you been sexually harassed?' 'Actual SH' was determined based on the revised Fitzgerald Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ-5). Among the 601 respondents, 7.2% perceived that they had been sexually harassed at their workplace in the past 12 months. However, using the SEQ-5, the actual proportion of those experiencing SH rose to an astonishing 50.7%. About one-third (30.0%) of FHCW reported experiencing unpleasant staring. Attempted bribery for sexual cooperation was documented in 4.5%, while attempted sexual intercourse was witnessed by 3.0% of FHCW. We also observed an overall poor perception and knowledge of SH as only about half of the respondents considered it common (52.5%), and approximately one-third were aware of the Indian SH Act and its provisions. A significant gap between perceived and actual SH shatters the myth of female healthcare workers being most educated in India. There is a need for focused education and training on sexual harassment knowledge and prevention. Enforcing existing regulations, creating supportive and safe workplace environments, and providing accessible reporting mechanisms are essential to address this issue and protect the rights of female healthcare workers.

This paper addresses certain aspects of the role of sensoriality in psychic functioning and, in particular, seeks to compare child sensoriality - a natural component of development that precedes the ability to think - and the perceptual-sensorial distortion that occurs in certain pathological conditions. In the course of severe psychic disorders such as psychosis, and in other respects in post-traumatic conditions, the mind is invaded by sensorial perceptions that block its functioning as an organ of knowledge. In the case of trauma, the intrusive mental phenomena are more limited and related to untransformed traumatic anxiety. Instead, the psychotic transformation of the mind is most radical; it develops into psychic retreat that shatters the ability to think and perceive psychic reality. In this instance, the mind's sensorial mode of functioning is so extreme that these patients are immersed in a newly created sensorial reality; they do not think but rather see their own thoughts or perceive sounds or voices that do not exist.

Psychological and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) in young adult couples is a major public health concern with devastating consequences. IPV shatters fundamental assumptions of safety and trust and exerts profound consequences for emotional and relational well-being. Understanding the factors associated with IPV in young adults is therefore essential. One factor may be an attachment injury, a potentially serious stressful relational event that occurs when one partner feels betrayed or abandoned by the other during a critical moment of need, damaging trust and emotional security. An attachment injury can trigger or intensify couple distress, which may increase the risk for IPV. This study examined associations between variables related to a specific attachment injury (i.e., severity, onset, stress-related symptoms, and frequency of other such injuries in the current relationship) occurring at least 3 months prior to participation, and the perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological IPV within the past 3 months. In total, 347 young adults who identified as the injured partner completed questionnaires online. Controlling for IPV that did not occur in the past 3 months but did happen before in the relationship, greater attachment injury-related stress symptoms, and greater severity of the attachment injury were linked to increased perpetration of physical IPV. In addition, greater attachment injury-related stress symptoms were associated with increased victimization of physical IPV. These findings suggest that a more severely experienced attachment injury may contribute to situational physical IPV in young adults. Efforts to promote relational well-being in this population should prioritize enhancing attachment security by addressing unresolved attachment injuries, as this may help reduce vulnerability to situational IPV.

Thermosalient transitions are a subset of single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transitions, in which the change of lattice parameters is highly anisotropic and very fast. As a result, crystals at the transition undergo macroscopic dynamical effects (hopping, jumping, and shattering). These transitions feature a conversion of heat to mechanical energy that can be exploited in the realization of advanced materials. Most thermosalient transitions are observed at temperatures higher than room temperature. Examples of low-temperature thermosalient transitions are rare. We describe a new example of a low-temperature thermosalient transition in a sexiphenyl compound. At about -40 °C, the parent single crystal (phase I) shatters into single crystal fragments of the new phase (phase II). The two phases have been studied by single-crystal X-ray analysis using a synchrotron source, variable-temperature Raman spectroscopy, and computational analysis of lattice normal vibration modes. A mechanism of the transition is proposed. We confirm colossal thermal expansion coefficients and supercells as reliable features of thermosalient transitions and add as a third feature a low-frequency principal optical vibration of the crystal lattice prompting the transition. Based on this, a roadmap for the automated prediction of thermosalient transitions in molecular crystals is also outlined.

A recent study challenges a fundamental principle of eukaryotic biology that each nucleus houses a complete genome. Two plant pathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, exhibit a segregated pattern of haploid chromosome distribution across two or more nuclei within each cell. The unequal distribution of the genome between nuclei suggests a coordinated system of internuclear recognition and regulation of cellular functions, a phenomenon previously associated with communication between nuclei of opposite mating type in both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Thus, the new study not only shatters expectations about genome biology but also opens new research avenues for understanding fungal adaptation and nuclear behavior.

Stillbirth is a silent tragedy that shatters the lives of women, families, and nations. Though affecting over 2 million infants globally in 2019, it remains overlooked, with no specific targets dedicated to its reduction in the sustainable development goals. Insufficient knowledge regarding the primary risk factors contributing to stillbirths hinders efforts to reduce its occurrence. Driven by this urgency, this study focused on identifying the determinants of stillbirth among women giving birth in hospitals across North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. This study employed an institution-based unmatched case-control design, involving a randomly selected sample of 412 women (103 cases and 309 controls) who gave birth in hospitals of North Wollo Zone. Data were collected using a structured data extraction checklist. Data entry was conducted using Epi-data version 3.1, and analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Employing a multivariable logistic regression model, we identified independent predictors of stillbirth. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05. Our analysis revealed several critical factors associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Women who experienced premature rupture of membranes (AOR = 5.53, 95% CI: 2.33-9.94), induced labor (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.24-4.07), prolonged labor exceeding 24 hours (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.94-7.45), absence of partograph monitoring during labor (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.41-4.26) were all significantly associated with increased risk of stillbirth. Preterm birth (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.87-6.39), post-term birth (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.35-8.91), and carrying a female fetus (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02-3.22) were at a higher risk of stillbirth. These findings highlight the importance of early intervention and close monitoring for women experiencing premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor, or induced labor. Additionally, consistent partograph use and enhanced prenatal care for pregnancies at risk of preterm or post-term birth could potentially contribute to reducing stillbirth rates and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind the observed association between fetal sex and stillbirth risk.

This article deals with combat experiences and their consequences and could be potentially disturbing. Moral injury (MI) is a severe form of combat trauma that shatters soldiers' moral bearings as the result of killing in war. Among the myriad ways that moral injury affects veterans' reintegration into civilian life, its impact on political and societal reintegration remains largely unstudied but crucial for personal, community, and national health. 13 in-depth interviews examine combat soldiers' exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) that include killing enemy combatants, harming civilians, and betrayal by commanders, the military system, and society. Interviewees also described their political activities (e.g., voting, fundraising, advocacy, protest) and social activism (e.g., volunteering, teaching, charitable work). Interviewees also completed the Moral Injury Symptom Scale. Two distinct narratives process PMIEs. In a humanitarian narrative, soldiers hold themselves or their in-group morally responsible for perpetrating, witnessing, or failing to prevent a morally transgressive act such as killing or injuring civilians or placing others at unnecessary risk. In contrast, a national security perspective blames an out-group for leaving soldiers with no choice but to act in ways that trigger moral distress. Associated with shame and guilt, the humanitarian perspective triggered amends-making and social activism after discharge. In contrast, a national security perspective associated with anger and frustration fostered protest and intense political activism. Despite its harmful health effects, moral trauma and injury can drive intense political and social activism, depending upon the narrative veterans adopt to interpret PMIEs. Aside from moral injury's personal, familial, and social effects, moral injury drives veterans' return to the political arena of civil society. As such, veterans play a central role in politics and dramatically affect post-war policy in democratic nations following conflict.

The advent of numerous treatment modalities with desirable therapeutic efficacy has been made possible by the fast development of nanomedicine and materdicine, among which the ultrasound (US)-triggered sonocatalytic process as minimal or non-invasive method has been frequently employed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In comparison to phototherapeutic approaches with inherent penetration depth limitations, sonocatalytic therapy shatters the depth limit of photoactivation and offers numerous remarkable prospects and advantages, including mitigated side effects and appropriate tissue-penetration depth. Nevertheless, the optimization of sonosensitizers and therapies remains a significant issue in terms of precision, intelligence and efficiency. In light of the fact that nanomedicine and materdicine can effectively enhance the theranostic efficiency, we herein aim to furnish a cutting-edge review on the latest progress and development of nanomedicine/materdicine-enabled sonocatalytic therapy. The design methodologies and biological features of nanomedicine/materdicine-based sonosensitizers are initially introduced to reveal the underlying relationship between composition/structure, sonocatalytic function and biological effect, in accompany with a thorough discussion of nanomedicine/materdicine-enabled synergistic therapy. Ultimately, the facing challenges and future perspectives of this intriguing sonocatalytic therapy are highlighted and outlined to promote technological advancements and clinical translation in efficient disease treatment.

Hilbert space fragmentation is an ergodicity-breaking phenomenon, in which the Hamiltonian shatters into exponentially many dynamically disconnected sectors. In many fragmented systems, these sectors can be labeled by statistically localized integrals of motion, which are nonlocal operators. We study the paradigmatic nearest-neighbor pair hopping model exhibiting the so-called strong fragmentation. We show that this model hosts local integrals of motion (LIOMs), which correspond to frozen density modes with long wavelengths. The latter modes become subdiffusive when longer-range pair hoppings are allowed. Finally, we make a connection with a tilted (Stark) chain. Contrary to the dipole-conserving effective models, the tilted chain is shown to support either a Hamiltonian or dipole moment as an LIOM. Numerical results are obtained from a numerical algorithm, in which finding LIOMs is reduced to a data compression problem.