Violent extremism in the context of conspiracy belief poses growing societal challenges, yet developmental pathways remain poorly understood. Shattered safety—a developmental state defined by bullying victimization, emotional distress, and distrust—may lead adolescents to view the world as unsafe and unfair, heightening susceptibility to conspiracy and extremist narratives. In this study, Growth Mixture Models were conducted to identify different trajectories of shattered safety throughout adolescence, as potential developmental pathway for conspiracy mentality and violent extremist attitudes in young adulthood. Participants were 1,482 adolescents from the ongoing longitudinal Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (~ 50% female). Data from five waves were included (ages: 13, 15, 17, 20, and 24-years-old). Results revealed three developmental trajectory groups. A small group of participants (3%) experienced shattered safety throughout adolescence, reflected in increasing levels of bullying victimization, emotional distress and distrust, and this related to higher conspiracy mentality and violent extremist attitudes at age 24. Overall, these findings illustrate the importance of considering developmental factors to safeguard against harmful narratives, calling for a public health-oriented approach that promotes adolescent safety and wellbeing. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10964-026-02350-9.
Wrongful convictions continue to occur at high rates. Research has revealed that negative posttraumatic cognitive changes are a risk factor for the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder, yet little research has examined whether exonerees experience posttraumatic cognitive changes, such as changes to their worldview. Thus, this study aims to understand exonerees' self-reported life changes and worldview changes through the lens of the Shattered Assumptions Theory. Fifty-eight exonerees answered four open-ended questions about changes they experienced following their wrongful conviction, including changes to their worldview. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Exonerees reported a variety of positive (42.8%) and negative (78.5%) life changes, including changes to their worldview. The most commonly reported negative worldview changes included loss of faith in the legal system, people, and authority figures. Positive worldview changes included strengthened religious faith, learning that people are willing to help, and learning to control one's attitude and focus on the positive. Results identified commonly reported worldview changes in exonerees, many of which are consistent with the Shattered Assumptions Theory. These findings from the largest qualitative sample of exonerees provides preliminary evidence for areas to be targeted in cognitive therapy in exonerees.
Online sexual extortion, or "sextortion," describes a crime in which a victim is threatened with the public distribution of private, sexually explicit images unless they comply with the offender's demands. Current research and law enforcement data highlight the rapid growth of male victims of sextortion crimes, especially financial sextortion offenses, a variant in which the primary demand is financial payment in exchange for keeping material private. However, there is limited research on the psychological impacts of financial sextortion victimization on men. Using a theory-guided thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses from 169 male victims, this study examines how male victims experience, interpret, and manage their victimization using Shattered Assumptions Theory (SAT) as a framework. Results find that victims experience symptoms in a way that can be understood with SAT, such as a "shattering" of the core assumptions around their invulnerability, the predictability of the world, and their own positive self-regard, leading to intense anxiety, fear, shame, hopelessness, and concern for future victimization. In addition, participants illustrate evidence of active and cognitive coping strategies that resemble SAT's notion of "rebuilding assumptions" to reduce emotional distress, such as minimizing the impact, reducing online activity, and identifying as a victim. Considerations for future research on male victims of sextortion and implications for practice are discussed.
Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) remains deeply silenced in many Black communities, where cultural stigma, historical trauma, and systemic mistrust often discourage disclosure and limit access to supportive resources. These barriers contribute to delayed intervention, untreated trauma, and long-term psychological, emotional, and relational harms. This theoretical manuscript synthesizes interdisciplinary scholarship to examine CSA disclosure among Black children through three interconnected frameworks: Critical Race Theory, Attachment Theory, and Trauma-Informed Care, which illuminate how structural racism, relational dynamics, and trauma shape children's safety, trust, and willingness to seek help. Using a theory-synthesized conceptual framework approach, this paper integrates cultural, systemic, and relational influences to explain how silence surrounding CSA is produced and sustained within Black families, churches, and community institutions. This manuscript also explores facilitators of disclosure, including caregiver responsiveness, culturally grounded education, and trauma-informed practices that validate children's experiences and reduce stigma. Practical implications are offered for mental health professionals, educators, and faith leaders who seek to create safe and supportive environments that promote early disclosure and healing. By situating CSA within its broader sociocultural and historical context, this manuscript advances a culturally responsive framework to guide prevention, community engagement, and survivor-centered interventions. Breaking the silence requires intentional efforts that honor cultural values, address systemic inequities, and empower trusted adults to protect children and support children's recovery and resilience.
The navicular bone is a tarsal bone of the foot. It is an important bone that supports the medial arch of the foot. Navicular bone fractures are a rare injury. Fractures may occur as a result of stress or trauma. In both scenarios, it may be considered high risk due to poor blood supply to the bone. It is more common in athletes while kicking, sprinting, twisting, or falling. We report a case of a comminuted navicular fracture in an individual fixed with the Joshi external stabilization system (JESS). A 40-year-old male presented with injury to the right foot. The patient met with an accident; he was brought to the casualty department. He was conscious, cooperative, and alert. No other bony injury was noted. There was no history of blunt abdominal trauma; however, blunt chest trauma was noted. No history of diabetes mellitus. The patient was newly detected hypertensive and was treated with tablet amlodipine 5 mg bd and tablet telmisartan 40 mg at night. Navicular bone fracture is a rare injury. It results from either stress fractures or trauma. Early diagnosis of suspicion and prompt treatment are key to success. JESS was the choice of treatment in this case. Other cases may need open reduction and internal fixation.
Renal injury is relatively uncommon among pediatric patients who incur blunt abdominal trauma. Noninvasive management is recommended for hemodynamically stable patients with a renal injury; however, there is limited data on the use of endourologic procedures in the management of pediatric renal trauma. We present a pediatric patient with a grade 4 renal laceration treated with a ureteral stent and percutaneous drain placement, supporting the use of minimally invasive strategies in select pediatric patients with high-grade renal injuries. High-grade renal lacerations can be managed conservatively in pediatric patients.Endourological and radiologic procedures can be safely used in select pediatric patients after high-grade renal trauma, promoting renal preservation.
Schizophrenia affects approximately 24 million people worldwide. In a marital relationship, having a spouse who has been diagnosed with a mental condition can be challenging. This qualitative study aimed to explore the emotional and psychological challenges faced by the wives of men with schizophrenia in their daily lives. The study employed a phenomenological approach to capture the lived experiences of participants. Ten wives of individuals with schizophrenia were interviewed face-to-face using a semi-structured format. Informed consent ensured confidentiality. To achieve a rich description of experiences, Hycner's explicitation process was applied. Regular debriefing sessions and peer review enhanced the credibility of the findings. Two major themes and their subthemes were identified. The first theme shattered emotions, encompassed betrayal, heartbreak, anger, and irritability. The second theme silent suffering, included loneliness, yearning for understanding, acceptance, emotional numbness, shattered dreams, and unmet needs. This study highlights the emotional and psychological challenges faced by wives of men with schizophrenia. The findings have practical implications for designing culturally sensitive, empathetic, and targeted interventions to support spouses in their caregiving roles. Tailored interventions are needed to improve coping strategies and provide better psychosocial support.
The increased use of online technologies has expanded the social landscape for individuals with ill-intent to sexually exploit and abuse children. To date, the specific psychological impact on and mental health outcomes for children who have experienced Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse (TA-CSA) remain underexplored in comparison to those of CSA in the physical world. This mixed-methods systematic literature review synthesizes the findings from existing studies that have explored these phenomena. A systematic search of three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) was conducted. Included articles (n = 18) were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The findings were integrated using a narrative thematic approach. The synthesis yielded seven key themes: (i) An Onslaught of Painful Emotions, (ii) A Shattered Sense of Self: Self-Blame and Guilt, (iii) A Future Held Hostage: Image Permanence and Hypervigilance, (iv) Broken Bonds: Social Isolation and Relational Rupture, (v) Prevalence of Mental Health Difficulties, (vi) Behavioral and Interpersonal Sequelae, and (vii) Gender-Based Variations in Psychological Outcomes. The findings reveal that experiences of TA-CSA lead to a range of significant mental health outcomes, from profound emotional distress and a shattered sense of self to a high prevalence of psychological? Difficulties. The unique features of TA-CSA, such as digital permanence, are associated with persistent trauma responses. Implications for clinical practice, policy, and future research are discussed. PROSPERO registration number CRD42024548986.
Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses spend the most time with patients and families during a critical illness. However, nurses, families, and other clinicians conceptualize suffering differently, leaving some types of suffering when a child is nearing the end-of-life (EOL) unaddressed. PICU nurses are thus well-positioned but underequipped to address suffering during EOL. We aimed to 1) characterize distinctive features that indicate the presence and/or absence of suffering; and 2) identify nursing care responses that help attend to EOL suffering. Using qualitative interpretive description, we collaborated with a purposive sample of bereaved parents and interdisciplinary health professionals, including nurses, to develop a conceptual model to better equip nurses to notice and respond to EOL suffering. The sample participated in 3 focus group discussions. Two coders generated descriptive codes from each focus group, which were revised with participants at subsequent sessions and then arranged into overarching categories. Categories and sub-categories were then co-designed into a conceptual model that was iteratively refined by participants and the research team. Participants (N = 25) included 8 parents, 6 PICU nurses, 3 PICU physicians/advanced practice providers (APPs), 3 palliative care physicians/APPs, and 5 allied health professionals. Together with the research team, participants co-designed A Conceptual Framework to Guide Bedside Nursing Care to Address EOL Suffering, which relates four overlapping categories: 1) Noticeable Indicators for Acknowledgement and Validation, 2) Responsive Indicators for In-the-Moment Interventions, 3) Collaborative Responses, and 4) Dynamic Contextual Factors. Participants described that some indicators of suffering may be acknowledged and/or validated (such as shattered assumptive world) but not always eased. Whereas other indicators (such as physical and emotional expressions) may be responsive to in-the-moment interventions (such as facilitating opportunities for connection). Collaborative Responses included nurse strategies to address suffering such as partnering with parents, promoting connection and comfort, and connecting with resources. Dynamic Contextual Factors included external influences beyond the patient, family, and nurse, that shaped how nurses notice and respond to suffering, such as uncertainty. This study helped operationalize indicators of and nurse-led responses to EOL suffering using a parent and clinician collaborative approach. The conceptual model can inform nurse-led, parent-partnered interventions to acknowledge and ease suffering among children nearing EOL and their families. Some manifestations of suffering during EOL in the PICU may be readily addressable through nursing care while others may be witnessed and validated by nurses. Partnership between parents and nurses is a cornerstone of holistically addressing suffering.
Every year, more than 720 000 people die by suicide globally-the vast majority in low- and middle-income countries. In the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), over 27 000 lives were lost to suicide in 2021 alone. Seventy-one percent were male and nearly half were under the age of 30 years (2). Suicide remains the third leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15-19 years, and while rates have declined over 2 decades, the region is not yet on track to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of one-third reduction by 2030. Behind every figure is a family shattered, a community diminished. These deaths are not inevitable- they are preventable.
The study used a mixed-methods approach, utilising 1,454 Reddit narratives about AI-driven job displacement, to examine how AI is transforming the workplace psychological contract. This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. It analysed sentiment patterns, emotional responses, and thematic content from digital discourse. While our results show a surface level of optimism regarding the use of AI (52% of all sentiment was positive according to VADER), our results also showed a significant amount of negative sentiment (51% of all sentiment was negative according to BERT) that indicates a deeper concern of people in terms of their feelings of "algorithmic anxiety" related to job loss. Network analysis showed three interconnected discourse groups centered on employment disruption, ethical concerns, and technical systems (modularity Q = 0.42). Furthermore, seven themes emerged from the data analysis: shattered trust and corporate betrayal, eroded identities, technostress, devalued expertise, anxiety about the future, cynicism about adapting, and affirming human values, which illustrate how the use of AI has disrupted the psychological contract between employees and employers. This study adds to psychological contract theory by illustrating ways that technology can breach an individual's psychological contract at work. In addition, this study extends existing technostress literature by identifying specific sources of stress associated with AI use in the workplace. Finally, it applies self-determination theory to work settings where algorithms are shaping the work environment. Practically speaking, the findings suggest that employers who wish to address the growing problem of "algorithmic anxiety" should engage in transparent communication, involve employees in decision-making, and design their technological systems to preserve employee dignity in increasingly automated workplaces.
Engineering nanoparticles for cancer intervention requires a detailed understanding of their internalization and intracellular trafficking, as these processes ultimately determine delivery efficiency. Over the past decade, advances in labeling strategies and microscopy have significantly deepened our knowledge of these processes. Further progress is imminent, as super-resolution microscopy has shattered the diffraction limit, enabling the investigation of biological structures at scales as small as ∼10 nm. Among the various super-resolution techniques used to interrogate endocytosis, super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) stands out for its ability to provide faster, gentler imaging in live specimens. In this review, we will highlight how SR-SIM has enabled in-depth investigation of intracellular processes ranging from endocytic coat formation to endosomal maturation and therapeutic targeting. With the increasing popularity of SR-SIM in the biological sciences, this review aims to serve as a practical guide to its emerging applications, particularly in elucidating the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of therapeutic nanomedicines.
With the rapid advancement of deep learning technologies, visual neural networks have made significant progress across various benchmarks. However, these networks heavily rely on nonlinear functions and hyperparameter tuning techniques, which leads to black-box behavior during forward inference. To enhance the transparency of decision-making, the information flow in visual neural networks is revisited, and a saliency visual explanation framework called Information-weighted Class Activation Mapping (InfoCAM) is proposed. The InfoCAM regards deep visual neural networks as complex information processing systems and constructs a Dual-Stream Information Bottleneck (DSIB) module. DSIB adopts a divide-and-conquer strategy by introducing two latent variables and employs variational inference to explicitly decompose intermediate feature activations into a discriminative feature stream and a task-irrelevant noise stream. Through maximizing the mutual information between the discriminative stream and the output prediction, the weighting coefficients are faithfully assigned to feature activation maps, thereby generating reliable visual explanations. InfoCAM is not affected by the shattered gradient problem and can be seamlessly integrated into various visual network architectures and computer vision tasks. Furthermore, the average drop and average increase metrics used for faithfulness evaluation are improved by explicitly clarifying their theoretical bounds and mitigating their sensitivity to fluctuations in network output scores. Experimental results show that InfoCAM can achieve faithful explanation of visual neural networks, demonstrating superior performance in perturbation testing and energy-based pointing game evaluations.
A 4-month-old castrated male Birman kitten (2.2 kg) presented with a recent history of non-weightbearing lameness in the right hindlimb after blunt trauma. Significant orthopaedic examination findings included instability at the right proximal intertarsal joint level. Radiographic abnormalities included a medial slab fracture of the right calcaneus. Further evaluation with a three-dimensional CT scan revealed a comminuted, intra-articular calcaneal fracture. Images from three-dimensional CT fracture reconstruction were used for surgical planning. Partial tarsal arthrodesis was performed using two 1.1 mm Kirschner wires and a 22 G tension band wire. Additional 24 G cerclage was applied around the distal calcaneus to augment stability. Radiographs at 6 weeks confirmed bone union, and the implants were removed. Nine months after the accident, the cat was fully active with no residual lameness as assessed by the owner. Calcaneal fractures in cats are rare and surgically challenging, particularly in skeletally immature animals. This report documents successful surgical stabilisation of a traumatic, comminuted calcaneal fracture using CT-guided planning. It highlights the utility of three-dimensional imaging for accurate fracture classification and surgical planning, particularly in an unusual feline orthopaedic case. Fixing a shattered calcaneal bone in a young cat using three-dimensional CT imaging to plan surgery A 4-month-old Birman kitten became lame on its right hindleg after blunt trauma. Examination localised the pain to the hock. Radiographs showed a fracture of the heel bone (calcaneus), but a three-dimensional CT scan could further evaluate the true fracture severity. On CT, the bone was broken into several pieces and the fracture line extended to the joint surface. Surgery was planned using the three-dimensional CT images. The surgeons chose a technique called partial tarsal arthrodesis, where part of the ankle joint is fused to stabilise the joint while preserving hock motion. They used two thin metal pins (Kirschner wires), a tension band wire and a small wire loop. At 6 weeks, new bone growth had united the fragments and the pins were removed. Nine months later, the cat was fully active with no limp, according to the owner. Fractures of the heel bone are uncommon in cats. Repair in this location is difficult because of joint and tendon proximity, and small bone size in cats. This case highlights how three-dimensional CT is valuable in such cases because it evaluates the fracture configuration more accurately than radiographs alone and can be used for surgical planning. The report adds to limited veterinary literature on feline calcaneal fractures by documented CT-guided planning combined with appropriate fixation, leading to a good outcome, even in a very young cat with a complex joint fracture.
This study reveals a hitherto undocumented cereal procurement strategy employed during the Late Epipaleolithic Natufian culture of the Southern Levant, from ca. 4.5 to 1 millennia before systematic crop cultivation and domestication are identified in archaeological records. A comprehensive microscopic use-wear analysis of flint sickle blades from the sites of el-Wad Terrace and Salibiya I detected patterns generated by the harvest of semi-ripe and ripe cereals that are attributed to the shattering mechanism of cereals. Many sickle blades also featured traces of stripping, shown by our experiments to act as a threshing operation that removes the spikelets and extracts the grains. Based on observations of current wild cereal fields and experimental harvesting, we reconstruct a protracted harvest that begins in mid-spring, when cereals are semi-ripe, and continues to the very late spring, when unshattered specimens with yellow-dry stems are targeted. We argue that cereal harvesting was an intensive and well-organized enterprise. It was based on a deep and intimate understanding of the shattering mechanism of cereals, where mixed stands were harvested, similar to those prevalent in many places in the Levant today, with plants of various properties, including early or late shattering or non-shattering cereals. The Natufian groups were aware of this mixture, exploited it for planning their harvest strategy, and used it to replenish storages. This was a form of early cultivation where it was necessary to ensure minimal seed loss and stock seed reserves for sowing next year's fields.
PURPOSE: The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increasingly recognized, with heterogeneous physical and psychological symptoms that may persist for months, significantly affecting Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), functional capacity, and psychosocial well-being. This study explores distinct profiles of HRQoL and psychological symptoms in former COVID-19 inpatients and assesses the impact of clinical variables at admission on long-term outcomes. METHODS: Patients hospitalised for COVID-19 at Molinette Hospital in Turin were contacted several months post-discharge (between June 2022 and June 2023) to complete a questionnaire assessing long-term HRQoL, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, and fatigue. Clinical data at the time of hospitalisation were also available for each participant. A Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted on these physical and psychological variables, followed by multinomial logistic regression to examine how selected indicators of baseline COVID-19 severity and patient characteristics predicted profile membership. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 601 patients. LPA identified three health-related profiles: Fit-Vital (n = 289), Frail-Weak (n = 229), and Shattered-Broken (n = 83). Neither ICU admission nor pneumonia showed significant associations with more severe physical and psychological conditions. Key predictors of membership in the more severe profiles included the presence of comorbidities and altered clinical parameters reflecting overall physical status. Female gender was identified as a risk factor for poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a wide spectrum of post-COVID-19 conditions, ranging from good to severely compromised physical and mental health. Female gender, presence of comorbidities, and elevated early warning scores at hospital admission are risk factors for worse outcomes, emphasizing the need for comprehensive long-term care.
This comprehensive survey synthesizes state-of-the-art advancements in emotion recognition based on physiological signals, specifically focusing on the paradigm shift occurring between 2021 and 2025. Crucially, we move beyond a technical review by establishing a novel Cognitive-Computational Synthesis Framework (CCSF). This framework explicitly maps multimodal physiological manifestations (e.g., electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and galvanic skin response (GSR)) to underlying cognitive processes, such as attentional allocation, arousal regulation, and perceptual bias, providing a theoretical foundation for explainable AI (XAI) in affective computing. We meticulously examine the transition from traditional machine learning to advanced deep learning architectures, highlighting how recent innovations in Transformers, self-supervised learning, and diffusion models have shattered previous performance plateaus. While earlier dimensional models were often limited to 70-75% accuracy, this survey details how modern architectures now achieve benchmarks exceeding 95% on seminal datasets like SEED and DREAMER. Furthermore, the survey provides a rigorous analysis of 40 key studies (identified via PRISMA protocols), evaluating them based on their validation strategies, cross-subject generalizability, and adversarial robustness. By bridging the gap between raw physiological data and cognitive theory, this work offers a strategic roadmap for the next generation of robust, interpretable, and real-time emotion recognition systems.
In this study, we examined the effects of antibiotic-mediated DNA damage on vesiculation in a clinical strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (strain 44/98, also referred to as LMG 26284). Although genomic analysis of this strain revealed multiple prophage clusters, subsequent proteomic analysis showed that, among the proteins most significantly affected by ciprofloxacin exposure, the majority belonged to the previously described maltocin gene cluster. We showed that deletion of the gene coding for the maltocin endolysin (mal) reduces cell lysis and, in turn, the vesiculation capacity of S. maltophilia. Furthermore, using a combination of fluorescence and cryogenic electron microscopy, we provided evidence that the spontaneous re-arrangement of shattered membrane fragments attributable to mal-induced explosive cell lysis results in the formation of predominantly single-layered explosive outer membrane vesicles, while only a minor portion are double-layered outer-inner membrane vesicles. We also detected putative cytoplasmic vesicles in these samples, suggesting an expanded role of cell lysis in vesicle formation. Finally, we showed that the maltocin endolysin (LysSM) is upregulated rapidly in response to DNA damage stress and accumulates at the cell poles, which are likely the sites of subsequent cell lysis. Our findings expand on the involvement of (cryptic) tailocins in vesicle biogenesis under stress conditions. In their natural environment, bacterial cells are able to communicate among themselves in multiple ways, and this communication has important implications for their ability to deal with unfavorable conditions. One key consequence is the spread of antimicrobial resistance from resistant cells to the remaining population, and such transfer can be mediated by membrane vesicles. In the highly multidrug-resistant bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, there exists a prophage that produces an endolysin capable of causing cell lysis and atypical vesicle production. The significance of this study lies in the description of such less characterized types of membrane vesicles produced in response to DNA damage, thereby providing insight into how bacteria respond to stress that can be brought about by antibiotic exposure.
In 2022, Viktor Orbán won a constitutional majority in Hungary for the fourth consecutive time. Even before the election, many had doubted that the Orbán regime could be removed through democratic means, but the united opposition's defeat almost completely shattered the remaining hope for political change. This study examines how individuals respond to such a context through the lens of Hirschman's Exit, Voice, Loyalty framework. Building on this model, three escapist pathways are distinguished: a past-oriented form of voice rooted in collective nostalgia, a present-oriented exit manifested in the desire to emigrate, and a future-oriented form of voice expressed through utopian thinking. These responses are expected to become particularly salient under conditions of low system justification and political efficacy. In Study 1 (N = 675), all three pathways were negatively associated with system justification, although the effect for collective nostalgia emerged only at the trend level when control variables were included. Political efficacy moderated only the relationship between system justification and the desire to emigrate. In Study 2 (N = 489), the causal effects of narrative framing were examined experimentally. Nostalgic and utopian framings increased willingness to engage in low-cost collective action, whereas emigration framing showed no mobilising effect. No moderating role of political efficacy was observed. Results suggest low political efficacy predicts a stronger desire to emigrate, while highlighting the possibility of emigration can dampen system-challenging collective action. Important theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Mechanical energy trauma is a major cause of death, especially in high-risk occupational settings such as agriculture and industry. These injuries result from the sudden transfer of mechanical energy to the body via impacts, compressions, or projected objects. This report presents an accidental fatality in a rural area involving an excavator with a brush-cutting attachment. A male was found supine along a country road near an agricultural field. Inside the field stood an excavator with its boom extended toward a hedge, equipped with a brush cutter. The windshield was shattered, with glass fragments inside the cab and around the vehicle. A cylindrical metal fragment (15 cm long, 0,5 cm diameter) was found on the driver's seat. External examination showed an inwardly beveled wound on the right hemithorax and another in the lumbar area. Autopsy revealed a wound path from the chest injury, directed downward, left to right, and front to back, with soft tissue lacerations, rib fractures, pleural penetration, diaphragmatic and right liver lobe injury, and an outwardly beveled wound in the lumbar region. Death occurred from massive hemorrhage and respiratory failure as the victim reached the roadside. The projectile was a piece of metal mesh forcefully ejected by the brush cutter after impact with a wire fence. The injury pattern was consistent with high-energy trauma. This case highlights the importance of thorough scene investigation in violent deaths, as autopsy alone would not have revealed the projectile origin or the event dynamics.