MXenes represent a promising class of 2D carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides known for their high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and unique optoelectronic properties, which have led to numerous applications. However, their scalable synthesis in 1D morphology, such as nanotubes or scrolls, has not been demonstrated yet. This work presents a versatile and scalable method for manufacturing MXene scrolls, including Ti2CTx, Ti3C2Tx, Ti3CNTx, V2CTx, Nb2CTx, and Ta4C3Tx. We demonstrate a scalable and high-yield production up to 10 g of pure scrolls with precise control over their alignment and morphology. Properties of scrolls differ from 2D flakes; e.g., a freestanding film made of scrolled Nb2CTx presents 33 times increase in electrical conductivity and shows a superconducting state below 5.2 K. Films of MXene scrolls exhibit 3 times lower density and enhanced mass transport compared to flakes, resulting in an improved performance in supercapacitor electrodes and humidity sensors. The dispersion of the scrolls in water behaves like an electrorheological fluid. Aligning scrolls in an electric field allows for circuit switching between electrically insulating and conductive states. These scrolls can be assembled into vertically aligned MXene forests, fibers, and other architectures. The availability of 1D MXene scrolls offers exciting opportunities in many fields.
Nanoscrolls derived from flat transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers and their corresponding heterostructures exhibit considerable potential for applications in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, a predictive theoretical framework for the precise structure of nanoscroll with in-plane heterostructure is currently lacking. In this work, we establish an analytical thermodynamic model based on energy minimization to describe the stable structure of nanoscrolls formed from in-plane Janus TMD/traditional TMD heterostructures with arbitrary number of segments. The model elucidates the roles of spontaneous curvature, bending stiffness, van der Waals interaction, compositional ratio and total length as the key controlling parameters for inner radius. For validation, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a developed hybrid potential accounting for both intralayer and interlayer interactions, capturing the complete spontaneous scrolling process of the heterostructured nanoribbons. The inner radii obtained from MD simulations show agreement with the model. Furthermore, we extend the investigation from nanoribbons to nanoflakes with in-plane heterostructures to explore their scrolling dynamics and demonstrate the resultant complex morphologies. This work proposes a theoretical framework connecting material properties to nanoscroll structure, providing a guidance for the on-demand design of functional nanodevices based on nanoscrolls.
The energetics and electronic structure of NbS2 nanoscrolls were examined by using density functional theory. The NbS2 nanoscrolls with an unrolled length of 22.7 nm are energetically more stable than the corresponding NbS2 nanoribbons because of substantial van der Waals interactions between adjacent shells that are enough to compensate for the energy cost of curvature. Among all of the nanoscrolls studied here, the nanoscroll with an innermost radius of 1.5 nm is the most stable. NbS2 nanoscrolls are metals with a large density of states at the Fermi level, resulting in a strong field screening ability. The electronic structure of NbS2 nanoscrolls is remarkably insensitive to scroll geometry and atomic position because of the screening ability of the internal electric field induced by the curvature.
Drawing on compensatory and compulsory internet use theories, media system dependency theory, and generational cohort theory, and informed by scholarship on generationally differentiated masculine norms and gendered socialization, this study examines the role of loneliness in the relationship between adverse child hood experiences (ACEs) and doomscrolling among Israeli men from Generations X (born 1965-1980), Y (born 1981-1996), and Z (born 1997-2006). Using a cross sectional research design, data were collected from 570 Hebrew-speaking men using validated self-report measures. Findings reveal that among Gen X, ACEs are linked to loneliness but not to doomscrolling. For Gen Y, ACEs predict doom scrolling directly, without mediation of loneliness. In contrast, Gen Z shows a distinct mediating role of loneliness in the ACE-doomscrolling link, reflecting compensatory digital coping. This study reveals generational distinctions in both the emotional mechanisms underlying doomscrolling and the broader role of digital media in the lives of men. Interpreted through the lens of generationally molded masculinities, these distinctions help contextualize differences in digital media use across cohorts, with doomscrolling representing one domain in which early adversity may be reflected later in life.
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of donor characteristics and tissue preservation conditions on the scrolling behavior of grafts in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). This retrospective, single-center study included 3150 consecutive DMEK grafts after uneventful preparation for DMEK surgery. The grafts were prepared from either organ-cultured corneoscleral buttons (n = 1414) or corneoscleral buttons stored in Optisol-GS (n = 1736). The main donor characteristics were age, endothelial cell density, death-to-preservation time, preservation method, and storage duration. The thickness of Descemet membrane (DM) was analyzed in a subgroup of 74 grafts using transmission electron microscopy. Scrolling behavior was quantified as roll width using calipers (mm). Older donor grafts exhibited less pronounced scrolling, with a significant correlation between donor age and roll width (r = 0.561, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.308). Organ-cultured grafts exhibited larger roll widths (1.764 ± 0.65 mm) than Optisol-GS-stored grafts (1.516 ± 0.51 mm; P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between DM thickness and roll width (Spearman ρ = 0.562, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.312), while DM thickness was also significantly correlated with donor age (r = 0.545, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.304). In this large cohort of DMEK grafts, donor age was confirmed as the most decisive factor influencing the scrolling behavior of DMEK grafts, with younger tissues demonstrating tighter scroll formation while the correlation gradually weakened in older donor groups. The DM thickness was confirmed as an independent contributor, as thicker membranes were associated with less tightly scrolled grafts.
A five-dimensional multi-scroll chaotic system is presented by introducing two memristive elements into a three-dimensional chaotic system. The resulting model generates multi-scroll attractors whose scroll count can be regulated by tuning the memristors' internal parameters. We analyze the equilibria and then quantify the dynamic behaviors using phase portraits, Poincaré sections, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. Coexisting multi-scroll attractors are observed, and their attraction basins are mapped to visualize the corresponding spatial domains. Parameter-driven adjustment of local amplitude is also demonstrated, enabling flexible modulation of the system output. A DSP-based implementation is further provided to validate the realizability of the proposed design. The study advances memristor-assisted multi-scroll construction and supports engineering-oriented hardware realization of high-dimensional chaotic systems.
Binge-scrolling, the consecutive viewing of digital content, may contribute to maladaptive technology use behaviors such as Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) and Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU). Grounded in Compensatory-Internet Use Theory (CUIT), the present study examined whether Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) mediated the relationships between binge-scrolling, PSU, and PSMU. A total of 428 adults (Mage = 40.82, SD = 12.54, range = 18 to 80) who were nearly equally represented in terms of sex (Male = 213, Female = 214, Prefer not to say = 1) from the United States were recruited to participate in the research by completing validated self-report measures. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test two hypothesized models. Results indicated that binge-scrolling was positively associated with FoMO, PSU and PSMU and that the pathway between binge-scrolling and PSU/PSMU was mediated by FoMO. FoMO may amplify monitoring-related engagement, linking binge-scrolling to PSU and PSMU. Collectively, this research suggests that FoMO may function as a potential self-regulatory monitoring mechanism within compensatory technology use. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
The current study aimed to examine the relationships among psychological resilience, doomscrolling, and brain fog, and to evaluate the protective role of resilience on cognitive well-being. Findings highlight the relevance of digital stress behaviors for mental health nursing practice. A cross-sectional design was used. Psychological resilience, doom-scrolling, and brain fog were assessed using validated self-report scales. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test direct and indirect associations among variables. Psychological resilience had a strong negative effect on brain fog (B = -1.947, β = -0.62, p < .001). Doomscrolling significantly increased brain fog levels (B = 0.851, β = 0.41, p < .001). A significant negative covariance was observed between resilience and doomscrolling (B = -3.686, p < .001). Psychological resilience reduces risk for brain fog, whereas doom-scrolling serves as a psychosocial stressor that impairs cognitive clarity. These findings underscore the importance of assessing digital behavior patterns in mental health nursing and support the development of interventions aimed at strengthening resilience to enhance cognitive well-being.
Background and objective Social media use among university students, especially medical students, has become widespread, and frequent use has been linked to cognitive distractions and potential deficits in attention and memory. Working memory is a type of short-term memory and a core executive function that temporarily stores and manipulates information, and is particularly vulnerable to disruption from the frequent use of highly engaging social media content. Most existing literature focuses on the association between prolonged social media usage and cognitive decline. However, very few experimental studies have evaluated the immediate effects of social media scrolling on working memory. This comparative observational study examined whether recent social media scrolling (within 30 minutes) impairs working memory among Indian medical students. Methods It was hypothesized that students who scrolled through social media for more than 30 minutes would perform worse on the digit span working memory test than their peers engaged in non-digital tasks. A total of 140 participants (mean age: 20.5 years) were recruited, of which 58 (41.4%) were males, 124 (88.6%) were residents of Rajasthan, 136 (97.1%) identified as Hindu, 139 (99.2%) lived in hostels, 67 (47.8%) reported an annual family income of less than five lakhs, and around half of the participants (71, 50.7%) belonged to nuclear families. Participants from both genders were equally represented across each year of study. All the participants were divided into a social media group (n = 70) and a control group (n = 70). The social media group completed the digit span forward and backward tests immediately after 30 minutes of social media scrolling, whereas the control group completed the same tests after engaging in a non-digital activity. The mean forward and backward digit span scores were calculated across different sociodemographic variables. Results The social media group scored lower than the control group on both forward (6.63 ± 1.30 vs. 7.61 ± 1.77) and backward (5.46 ± 1.51 vs. 5.90 ± 1.79) digit span tests (p < 0.001 and p = 0.118, respectively). Forward digit span scores differed significantly between age groups, with younger participants demonstrating higher scores (F = 3.80, p = 0.02). Backward digit span scores varied significantly according to year of study (F = 3.76, p = 0.02), residence (t = -2.30, p = 0.02), and religion (F = 2.76, p = 0.04). Conclusions Students who engage in social media usage, especially with short-form video content, demonstrate poorer working memory performance. These findings also suggest that even short-term social media usage may acutely impair working memory capacity. This indicates potential negative cognitive effects of social media usage, including reduced focus and attention among students.
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanoscrolls have attracted significant attention in recent years owing to their fascinating properties, including high specific surface area, unique electronic structure, and excellent optoelectronic performance. These properties arise from their intrinsic one-dimensional (1D) spiral scroll geometry. In this review, we systematically present the preparation methods, properties, and applications of TMDC nanoscrolls. For fabrication, we detail a variety of preparation strategies, both on substrates and in solution. Next, we discuss the characterization and physical properties of TMDC nanoscrolls. Finally, we summarize their applications in photodetection, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), optoelectronic synapses, and other related fields.
Scroll tension is a complex problem often associated with some of the most difficult nasal deformities to address. This is particularly challenging in cases with excessive vestibular skin loss and scar tissue contraction. Several surgical techniques have been described with all sharing the same goal: the creation of a functionally and aesthetically pleasing nasal tip/alar complex. The choice of graft is crucial for optimal long-term results. Some techniques can result in donor site morbidity, nasal valve problems, and suboptimal cosmesis. Inferior turbinate mucosa is readily available, thin yet robust, and easily harvested with minimal donor site morbidity. We present a retrospective analysis of 22 patients with scroll tension related to alar retraction, nasal stenosis, and saddle nose deformity managed with the scroll turbinate intercartilagenous graft (STIG) technique employed in combination with a septal extension graft, lateral crural tensioning, and articulated alar rim grafts. Our technique was successfully employed in all patients with correction of both external deformity and functional problems. The minimum follow-up period was 12 months. There were no complications and no significant graft failure. The STIG technique is a relatively easy, safe, and effective technique that provided a favorable outcome in all patients.
Excessive screen time in adolescents has become a growing concern, with parents seeking effective strategies to manage its impact. To investigate parents perceived causal networks linking children's screen use, child mental health problems, and parent-related factors, as a first step toward informing parent-focused interventions. This study used the PErceived CAusal Networks (PECAN) method to explore how parents perceive causal relationships between screen-related problems and associated mental health challenges. A total of 128 parents participated (mean age 48.1 years) reporting about children aged 12-19 years (mean age 14.1 years). Each parent selected problems relevant to their child, and rated perceived causal relations among 20 predefined problem areas. These problem areas covered child behaviors and emotions, as well as contextual factors and parental behaviors and emotions. Most importantly, passive scrolling emerged as the problem most frequently perceived by parents as influencing other difficulties. Further, parents of boys highlighted gaming and lack of real-life friendships as perceived to be causing other problems, while parents of girls perceived physical inactivity and sadness as central. Parents rarely perceive their own behaviors or emotions as causing child problems, with the exception of problems with setting screen time boundaries. These findings are relevant for the development of supportive interventions aimed at parents, suggesting passive scrolling may be an important target for future parent-focused interventions. Further, interventions might be adapted to address gender-specific concerns, providing parents with practical tools to mitigate the negative effects of excessive screen time.
Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical impact of the Pre-Descemet's Layer (PDL) on central graft width (CGW) and Scrolling Score (SS) using a standardized digital morphometric approach in pre-Descemet endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts. Methods: This experimental study analyzed 47 donor corneoscleral buttons. Grafts were prepared via pneumatic dissection into PDEK or DMEK. CGW and SS were quantified using FIJI-ImageJ software from standardized video frames. Statistical analysis included Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation, and Chi-Square tests. Endothelial viability and global integrity were assessed in representative PDEK grafts using confocal microscopy with triple vital staining (Hoechst 33342, Ethidium-homodimer, and Calcein-AM). Results: Forty-one grafts were successfully prepared (24 PDEK; 17 DMEK). The failure rate was significantly higher in diabetic donors (50% vs. 7.3% in non-diabetics, p < 0.001). PDEK grafts exhibited a significantly higher mean CGW (2.35 ± 0.36 mm) compared to DMEK (1.95 ± 0.41 mm; p < 0.05). A clear inverse relationship was established between CGW and SS; SS-2 was predominant in PDEK (50%), while SS-3 prevailed in DMEK (70.5%). Donor age showed a weak correlation with CGW in DMEK (R2 = 0.283) and no correlation in PDEK (R2 = 0.0004). Trypan blue staining did not significantly alter CGW or SS in either group (p > 0.05). Confocal microscopy confirmed high endothelial viability (2407 cells/mm2) with minimal iatrogenic damage in tissue folds. Conclusions: Retention of the PDL significantly reduces endothelial graft scrolling and increases CGW values in PDEK compared with DMEK. Although donor age demonstrated a weak association with CGW in DMEK grafts, no such relationship was observed in PDEK. Digital morphometric analysis represents a reproducible approach for preoperative characterization of graft behavior in eye banks.
There is growing reliance on digital platforms for education. Today's dental students seek online resources to support clinical learning. The impact of these platforms in endodontic education remains underexplored. This study evaluated social media preferences of predoctoral dental students at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine for supplementing their endodontic education. A survey was distributed to third- and fourth-year dental students (n = 467) assessing usage of institutional and external resources, perceived preparedness for clinical procedures, and frequency of fact-checking supplemental content. 94 students responded (20.1%). YouTube was the most commonly used non-curricular resource (77.7%), with significantly higher usage among third-year students (85.5%) compared to fourth-years (66.7%; p = 0.031). Only 41.5% of students reported fact-checking external content. A significant proportion of dental students rely on external resources to supplement their endodontic education. These findings highlight the need for educators to develop evidence-based multimedia resources to enhance clinical preparedness in endodontics.
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The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the evidence of oral-health outcomes of daily screen exposure in various age groups of children, adolescents, and adults around the globe. A detailed search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE recommendations up to September 2025. The inclusion criteria were based on a Population Exposure Comparator Outcome (PICO) framework, evaluating screen time exposure (>2 h/day) relative to an outcome measure (oral health) that included dental caries, DMFT, plaque index, and frequency of brushing. AXIS and Newcastle--Ottawa scale (NOS) were used to extract data and assess the risk of bias. A DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was used for quantitative synthesis. A total of 32 studies were included (n = 46,812). A significantly higher risk of dental caries (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; 95% CI 1.201.69), greater DMFT scores (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI 0.100.53) and less frequent brushing were linked to high screen exposure (>2 h/day). The test of the funnel plot showed no major publication bias. Due to excess exposure to the screens, a correlation was found between poor oral hygiene behavior and increased prevalence of dental caries. Proposed mechanistic pathways include poor nutrition, poor sleep, and poor salivation. This underscores the need to integrate digital behavior counseling into preventive dentistry and to undertake longitudinal studies employing objective measures of screen time.
Labiaplasty has experienced growing popularity, with over 10,800 procedures performed annually in the USA. Discussions about this surgery are shifting to social media, particularly TikTok, where health information is often presented with limited regulation or oversight. This raises concerns about the accuracy, quality, and influence of labiaplasty-related content. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study analyzing the 110 most relevant TikTok videos under the term "labiaplasty" (July-August 2025). Video characteristics, engagement metrics (likes, shares, comments), and creator types were recorded. Content quality was assessed using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) by human reviewers and an AI model (ChatGPT-4.5-turbo). Sentiment analysis of video comments was performed by two human raters and the AI model. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. Surgeons (52%) and patients (40%) produced most videos, primarily on educational (39%) or postoperative (28%) content. Overall, median human-rated GQS was 3.5 [IQR, 2.13-4.88], while the AI median was 3 [IQR, 2-4]. Videos with ≥2000 likes were more often created by patients (52% vs. 32%, p=0.012) and had significantly lower GQS scores (human: 2.5 vs. 4, p=0.003; AI: 2 vs. 3, p<0.001). Human inter-rater reliability for sentiment classification was slight (κ=0.161), with minimal agreement between AI and humans (κ=0.077). Labiaplasty content on TikTok is predominantly generated by surgeons and patients, yet lower-quality videos achieve higher engagement. Surgeons should proactively create accurate, relatable content to counterbalance misinformation. Refinement of AI tools is needed for reliable quality and sentiment assessment on social media. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
The increasing prevalence of short video platforms among Chinese university students has raised concerns about their potential threat to psychological well-being and lifestyle choices, particularly the emergence of the "lying flat" phenomenon. While existing studies have explained the "lying flat" phenomenon from cultural and social perspectives, few have examined its interaction with specific media use behaviors, particularly within the immersive and addictive environment of short video platforms. Based on the social cognitive theory, this study investigated the psychological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, focusing on the mediating role of short video addiction in the relationship between flow experience, platform attachment, and peer influence, as well as the moderating role of self-efficacy. An online survey was administered to Chinese university students, yielding 486 valid responses. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that higher levels of short video addiction are associated with a greater tendency to adopt a "lying flat" attitude. Flow experience, platform attachment, and peer influence contributed to increased short video addiction, which mediated their indirect effects on the "lying flat" tendencies. However, the interaction effect between self-efficacy and SV addiction does not significantly predict lying flat tendency. These findings provide new insights into how digital media use influences youth lifestyle disengagement and offer practical implications for managing SV addiction among university students.
As families increasingly rely on digital platforms to understand their child's dental diagnosis, concerns have emerged about whether online resources for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) are fit for purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the readability, quality and actionability of online MIH information across different platforms using search terms generated by families. A cross-sectional study was conducted using three independent search terms across multiple search engines, audiovisual platforms and social media. The first 100 results per platform were screened and analysed using validated quality and readability tools. Descriptive content analysis was used to quantify responses and identify themes, and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Descriptive and inferential statistics summarised platform differences. Of 2100 screened results, only 45 (2%) met the inclusion criteria. Written content was often professional, but exceeded recommended reading levels, with few meeting accepted quality benchmarks. Search engine results were dominated by academic articles and paywalled journals. YouTube videos showed modest quality but limited clinical depth, whilst TikTok and social media posts showed poor transparency and limited actionability. Despite high search volumes, online MIH resources remain fragmented, inaccessible and poorly tailored to family needs. Findings highlight an urgent need for discoverable, family-centred digital content and improved support for digital health literacy.
Adolescents are increasingly exposed to online health information promoting supplements as quick solutions for weight management and muscle development, raising public health concerns. This study investigated whether online media engagement-weight-and fitness-related information-seeking behaviors and the internalization of online appearance ideals-predicts adolescents' online purchasing of weight-loss and muscle-building products, with attention to differences between girls and boys. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 1,526 Czech adolescents (50% girls) aged 13-18 years (M = 15.4, SD = 1.7). Measures included self-reported online weight- and fitness-related information-seeking behaviors, internalization of online appearance ideals (thin-ideal among girls; muscular ideal among boys), and online purchasing of weight-loss and muscle-building products. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted separately for girls and boys, controlling for sociodemographic and body image variables. Overall, 4.1% (63/1,521) purchased weight-loss and 19.1% (303/1,524) purchased muscle-building products online. For both girls and boys, greater engagement in seeking weight- and fitness-related information was associated with purchasing both product types. Internalization of online appearance ideals was significantly associated with muscle-building but not weight-loss product purchases. Findings highlight a novel pathway through which online media may shape youth consumer choices, pointing to the need for media literacy and body image-informed strategies to promote safer decision-making.