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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) which target immune checkpoint proteins like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have revolutionized cancer therapy. Skeletal toxicities are emerging immune-related adverse events for patients treated with ICIs, and PD-1 blockade in pre-clinical mouse models significantly reduces bone mass. However, the effect of PD-L1 inhibition on the bone throughout development is not well understood. We investigated the role of PD-L1 loss on bone microarchitecture with genetic PD-L1 knockout in myeloid cells using LysM-Cre;PD-L1Flox/Flox mice and pharmacologic inhibition with a PD-L1 neutralizing antibody in adult and aged mice. We report that neither PD-L1 deletion in myeloid cells nor inhibition with α-PD-L1 significantly impacts femoral trabecular bone microarchitecture; however, α-PD-L1 treatment increases vertebral trabecular bone volume. Additionally, PD-L1 blockade influences T cell expansion by decreasing naïve T cells and increasing effector memory T cells in the bone marrow, consistent with previous studies on the effects of PD-1 inhibition. The trabecular bone-sparing effect of PD-L1 inhibition is strikingly different from the bone loss observed with PD-1 blockade. Clinical studies are necessary and justified to determine if PD-L1 may be a less bone destructive alternative for cancer patients treated with ICIs who are at high risk of fracture. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a type of therapy that unleash the immune system to kill off tumor cells and are used alone and in combination with other anti-cancer therapies to treat a variety of cancer types. Some studies suggest that cancer patients treated with ICIs may be at increased risk for bone loss and fractures. We now understand that blocking a protein called programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) causes bone loss in adult and aged mice, but we do not know if blocking proteins that have similar functions to PD-1 (called immune checkpoint proteins) also causes bone loss. We report that in contrast to blocking PD-1, inhibiting another immune checkpoint protein called programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) does not reduce femoral bone mass and modestly increases vertebral bone mass. These data suggest that PD-L1 targeted therapy be a safer alternative that PD-1 targeted therapy for patients at high risk of fracture.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have revolutionized the prognosis for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer. The emergence of the T790M resistance mutation compromises the efficacy of EGFR-TKI therapy. Therefore, assessing EGFR T790M mutation status during non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment is crucial for improving NSCLC prognosis. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang as primary sources were systematically searched up to January 1, 2026. To assess the risk of bias and study quality, we employed the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool and the Radiomics Quality Score version 2.0 (RQS). The diagnostic accuracy of radiomics for detecting T790M in NSCLC patients was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for each study. This meta-analysis analyzed 13 studies with 2,654 patients. The pooled AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of internal validation models were 0.91, 0.73, and 0.95, respectively. The pooled AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of external validation models were 0.81, 0.73, and 0.87, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that imaging examinations derived from lung and mediastinal metastases achieved the highest sensitivity (0.76; 95% CI, 0.73-0.79), whereas those based on brain metastases exhibited the highest specificity (0.95; 95% CI, 0.95-0.96). The high specificity of the lung/mediastinal models was further confirmed in external validation (0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98). Compared with CT, MRI-based models demonstrated a trade-off in internal validation: lower sensitivity (0.72 vs. 0.75) but significantly higher specificity (0.96 vs. 0.80). Notably, in external validation, CT achieved superior sensitivity (0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99). ITK-SNAP demonstrated higher sensitivity (internal: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.73-0.79]; external: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.67-0.84]) and lower specificity (internal: 0.80 [95% CI, 0.76-0.85]; external: 0.83 [95% CI, 0.70-0.95]). When stratified by a median RQS exceeding 20, higher-scoring studies were associated with higher pooled sensitivity (0.76 [95% CI, 0.70-0.82]) but a lower specificity (0.85 [95% CI, 0.79-0.90]). While in external validation, RQS&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;20 demonstrated higher sensitivity (0.75 [95% CI, 0.68-0.82], P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Integrating clinical factors with radiomics improved sensitivity but reduced specificity compared with radiomics-only models (0.79 vs. 0.72 and 0.81 vs. 0.95, respectively). A similar sensitivity-specificity trade-off was observed with standardized data processing (sensitivity: 0.76 vs. 0.72; specificity: 0.80 vs 0.95). Radiomics, as a non-invasive detection method, has demonstrated significant potential in predicting the T790M mutation status in NSCLC, showing promising clinical application prospects based on retrospective evidence. However, further standardization and validation are required in future studies. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251130164 (CRD420251130164).

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized our understanding of cellular heterogeneity, yet traditional scRNA-seq methods primarily capture transcript ends, limiting analyses to total gene expression. Advances in isoform-resolved scRNA-seq, including short-read technologies that span full-length transcripts and long-read technologies that directly sequence full-length transcripts end-to-end, have enabled the characterization of alternative splicing variation and transcript isoform diversity at single-cell resolution. These advances fill critical knowledge gaps about cell-type-specific transcript isoform usage and its regulation in single cells. Here, we review the evolution of isoform-resolved single-cell transcriptomics, highlighting experimental and computational innovations. We discuss its broad applications in characterizing transcriptome variation and RNA processing, and explore its emerging impact across new dimensions of single-cell biology.

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has revolutionized microbial identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. However, barriers in the analysis of mass spectra with databases different from the proprietary prevent this technology from achieving its full potential. The goal of this study was to develop an informatics tool capable of converting peak lists obtained from MALDI-TOF mass spectra to an XML compatible with open data bases, such as MicrobeNet. This innovation makes it possible to overcome limitations in interoperability between commercial platforms, allowing for the optimization and decentralization of microbial identification. A set of mass spectra acquired with MALDI Biotyper and VITEK MS were analyzed, showing high concordance between the converter approach and the standard workflow (MALDI Biotyper: 96.4% (95% CI: 89.4-99.4%) VITEK MS: 87.4% (95% CI: 83.0-91.1%)). This converter promises to become a cost-effective alternative to broaden the clinical microbiology laboratory's diagnostic capacity.

Infertility represents a significant global health burden, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. While Assisted Reproductive Technologies have revolutionized fertility treatment, they remain constrained by limited efficacy, off-target toxicity, and procedural complexity. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative frontier, offering precise targeting and controlled release capabilities to circumvent these limitations. This review systematically synthesizes nanotechnological applications in reproductive medicine, ranging from gamete quality enhancement-via antioxidant nanoparticles, microfluidic sperm selection and improved cryopreservation-to targeted therapies for complex disorders including premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, clinical translation is impeded by challenges regarding biocompatibility, large-scale manufacturing, and ethical regulation. Future perspectives emphasize the integration of multi-omics, artificial intelligence, and biocompatible material innovation to elucidate molecular mechanisms and accelerate the transition from bench to bedside, ultimately advancing precision reproductive medicine.

177 Lu-PSMA-617 (Pluvicto TM , Lu-177 RLT) is an FDA-approved targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but its durability of response to this singular approach poses a challenge to the field. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized clinical practice for hematological malignancies, but its clinical development for solid tumors, including mCRPC, has been encumbered by antigen heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we evaluate the therapeutic combination of Lu-177 RLT and PSCA-CAR T cells to overcome these barriers. In human xenograft and mouse syngeneic prostate cancer models with homogeneous or heterogeneous antigen expression, the sequential administration of Lu-177 RLT, cyclophosphamide (Cy), and PSCA-CAR T cells improves tumor control and prolongs survival compared to monotherapies. Mechanistically, Lu-177 RLT alone or with Cy remodels the TME by promoting pro-inflammatory myeloid responses and activating endogenous T cells, while enhancing CAR T cell activation and effector function. We additionally evaluated 225 Ac-PSMA-617 RLT as an emerging approach in combination with CAR T cells and observed anti-tumor responses, supporting its potential as an alternative RLT partner. These findings support RLT as an immune priming strategy to enhance CAR T cell therapy and provide a rationale for clinical translation of this combination in mCRPC. Combining 177 Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy with PSCA-CAR T cells improves tumor control and survival in prostate cancer models by overcoming the antigen heterogeneity and reshaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) for the treatment of homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cancers have revolutionized cancer treatment in recent years. Despite documented clinical benefits, the use of PARPi is associated with several adverse events (AEs) inducing poor prognosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of different PARPi and PARPi-based therapies via a network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We systematically searched and assessed RCTs in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry from inception to 1st March 2026. Studies assessed the safety of PARP inhibitors or PARPi-based therapies were included. The primary outcomes were serious AE and discontinuation of treatment due to AE. For statistical analysis, the fixed-effect or random-effect model was used, depending on the heterogeneity (I2). Sixty-seven studies with 23,285 patients were included in the pooled safety analysis. All the 6 included PARPi were proven to have a higher risk of serious AE and AE-related discontinuation of treatment compared with placebo. Olaparib (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.85) and pamiparib (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02-0.91) had significant lower risk from suffering serious AE compared with senaparib. Discontinuation of treatment did not differ significantly among the 6 included PARP inhibitors. The 5 PARPi-based therapies included in our study showed similar risk of serious AE. PARPi plus chemotherapy (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.47-4.55) might increase significantly the risk of AE leading to discontinuation compared with PARPi alone. PARPi plus anti-angiogenic drug (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.10-12.19) and PARPi plus chemotherapy (OR, 4.76; 95% CI, 1.54-14.29) had significant higher risk of AE-related discontinuation compared with PARPi plus ARSI. In our study, pamiparib demonstrates the most favorable safety profile among evaluated PARP inhibitors relatively, while senaparib might be associated with a higher incidence of AEs. PARPi plus anti-angiogenic drug or chemotherapy might cause the most occurrence of AEs relatively. Therefore, on the basis of balancing efficacy and safety, selecting optimal PARPi and formulating tailored combination therapy for individual patients is necessary.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by continuous mucosal erosions and ulcers in the colon. In recent years, biologics and small-molecule agents have revolutionized UC management; however, these therapies may be limited by risks such as infections, secondary loss of response, or intolerance. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA), developed in Japan, offers a non-pharmacologic and selective immunomodulatory approach by removing activated myeloid cells and modulating the inflammatory milieu. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of action of GMA, including its effects on proinflammatory cytokines and regulatory T-cell responses. We also examine the clinical evidence, from randomized controlled trials and observational studies, that supports its efficacy, particularly in steroid-dependent and elderly patients. While mucosal healing rates with GMA may be lower than those achieved with biologics, its favorable safety profile may support its use as an adjunctive or bridging strategy in selected patients. However, evidence supporting these roles remains limited and is derived mainly from observational studies. Future directions include integration with personalized medicine, biomarker development and global expansion. GMA remains a viable option in the therapeutic landscape of UC.

Multidrug-resistant and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) remains a formidable challenge to global health. While the integration of bedaquiline (BDQ) has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for MDR/RR-TB, the clinical necessity and safety profile of extending BDQ administration beyond the conventional 24-week regimen-especially in complex or high-risk cohorts-remain insufficiently characterized. This multi-center retrospective cohort study analyzed 189 patients with MDR/RR-TB in China between January 2019 and January 2024. Patients were stratified into a standard-duration group (&#x2264;6 months) and an extended-duration group (>6 months). Treatment efficacy, cumulative culture conversion rates, and adverse events (AEs) were comparatively evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify independent predictors of severe Fridericia-corrected QT (QTcF) prolongation (>500 ms). No significant differences were observed in favorable treatment outcomes between the extended and standard groups (86.8% vs. 85.8%; P&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.845). Culture conversion rates at the end of treatment were comparable (94.7% vs. 92.0%; P&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.457). Regarding cardiac safety, the incidence of QTcF >500 ms did not differ significantly between the two cohorts (7.9% vs. 10.6%; P&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.528). Notably, pre-existing cardiac disease was identified as the most potent independent risk factor for severe QTcF prolongation (OR: 9.01; 95% CI: 2.53-32.12; P < 0.001), rather than the duration of BDQ exposure. Extended BDQ treatment is both efficacious and well-tolerated in patients with MDR/RR-TB. Prolonged exposure does not inherently increase the risk of cardiotoxicity, suggesting that BDQ duration can be personalized based on clinical need, provided that baseline cardiac comorbidities are rigorously managed.

High-power lasers offer ultrahigh intensities for plasma interactions, but they lack advanced techniques to control the properties of the fields, because no optical elements could withstand their high intensities. The vibrant field of metasurfaces has transformed modern optics by enabling unprecedented control over light at subwavelength through deliberate design. However, metasurfaces have traditionally been limited to solid-state materials and low light intensities. Extending the sophisticated capabilities of metasurfaces from solids into the plasma realm would open new horizons for high-field science. Here, we present a proof-of-concept experimental demonstration of plasma-state metasurfaces (PSMs) via the photonic spin Hall effect and the generation of stable-propagating vortex beams under intense laser irradiation. Time-resolved pump-probe measurements reveal that the functionality of PSMs can persist for several picoseconds, making them suitable for controlling ultra-intense femtosecond lasers, even in state-of-the-art multi-petawatt systems. Harnessing the powerful toolkit of metasurfaces, this approach holds the promise to revolutionize our ability to manipulate the amplitude, phase, polarization, and wavefront of high-power lasers during their pulse duration. It also opens new possibilities for innovative applications in laser-plasma interactions such as compact particle acceleration and novel radiation sources.

Solid organ transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of end-stage diseases, yet long-term graft survival remains constrained by immune-mediated injury and the limitations of conventional immunosuppression. Among intracellular pathways that translate alloimmune recognition into cellular activation and tissue remodeling, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged as a central regulator of immune cell differentiation, endothelial function, and fibroproliferative responses. Evidence from kidney, heart, liver, and lung transplantation (LTx) implicates dysregulated mTOR signaling in acute cellular and humoral rejection (ACR and AMR) as well as chronic rejection. These observations highlight the importance of understanding molecular mechanisms to refine diagnostics and guide more precise therapeutic strategies targeting mTOR. In LTx, ACR, AMR and chronic rejection converge on shared downstream processes-metabolic reprogramming, endothelial dysfunction, and fibroproliferative remodeling-where mTOR appears pivotal. Pharmacologic inhibitors such as sirolimus and everolimus modulate T- and B-cell activation and limit structural cell proliferation, yet clinical outcomes remain inconsistent, reflecting incomplete knowledge of context-specific mTORC1/2 activation and the lack of validated in vivo biomarkers. Phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6RP) represents a tissue-based readout of mTORC1 activity and a promising biomarker; extending analyses to additional components (p-4EBP1, p-AKT) and integrating multiplex imaging with artificial intelligence could define reproducible "mTOR activation signatures" across cell types and rejection phenotypes. Such biomarker-driven frameworks may enable refined risk stratification and identify patients most likely to benefit from mTOR-targeted therapies. Together, these insights support a shift from empiric immunosuppression toward precision, pathway-guided interventions, positioning mTOR inhibition within a personalized, biology-driven approach to LTx.

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is an advanced technique that enables the comprehensive analysis of gene expression and the transcriptome in biological samples with exceptional precision and scalability. Leveraging platforms like Illumina, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore, RNA-Seq has revolutionized cancer research by identifying genes, isoforms, and genetic variants. When combined with bioinformatics tools, it allows the detection of gene expression signatures, alternative splicing events, and profiles of non-coding RNAs. Furthermore, single-cell analysis provides insights into tumor heterogeneity, enhancing diagnostics, prognostics, and the development of personalized therapies.Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly explainable AI (XAI), plays a pivotal role in transcriptomic data analysis. Interpretable models, such as regression analyses or decision trees, and post-hoc techniques like LIME and SHAP, improve the reliability and usability of findings by identifying key genes for clinical decision-making. These tools integrate seamlessly with high-resolution single-cell and three-dimensional analyses, exploring intratumoral heterogeneity and cellular signaling pathways.Addressing the heterogeneity of common cancers demands the integration of sequencing technologies and AI. The combination of short- and long-read RNA-Seq enables the identification of isoforms and splicing events critical to cancer biology. Together, these technologies and approaches optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, paving the way for personalized treatments by detecting and characterizing genetic alterations and their impact on the tumor microenvironment.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for relapsed/refractory (R/R) lymphoma. However, heterogeneous responses and treatment-related toxicities remain significant challenges. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), reflecting both nutritional status and systemic immune competence, has emerged as a potential biomarker in various malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the PNI assessed specifically prior to lymphodepletion in patients with R/R lymphoma receiving CAR T-cell therapy. We retrospectively analyzed 449 patients with R/R lymphoma treated with CAR T cells. The PNI was calculated using serum albumin levels and absolute lymphocyte counts measured before administering lymphodepleting chemotherapy. The optimal PNI cutoff for predicting survival was determined to be 39.2 using maximally selected rank statistics. The patients were stratified into high-PNI (>&#x2009;39.2, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;363) and low-PNI (&#x2264;&#x2009;39.2, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;86) groups on the basis of the PNI cutoff value. The median age of the patients was 52 years. All patients had R/R aggressive B-cell lymphoma and were treated with CAR T cells. Compared with patients in the low-PNI group, patients in the high-PNI group achieved significantly superior clinical responses, with higher overall response rates (ORRs: 65.5% vs. 44.2%, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and complete response rates (CRRs: 52.2% vs. 27.9%, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). The median follow-up period was 33.12 months, and long-term survival markedly improved among patients in the high-PNI group; the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 59.02% vs. 21.88% (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 42.69% vs. 13.29% (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) for patients in the high- and low-PNI groups, respectively. In terms of safety, multivariate analysis confirmed that a high PNI independently reduced the risk of any-grade CRS (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.047), but was not significantly associated with grade&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;3 CRS (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.121). No significant association was observed between a high PNI and the occurrence or severity of ICANS (all P&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that a PNI&#x2009;>&#x2009;39.2 remained an independent predictor of both OS (HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.425, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and PFS (HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.542, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). The pre-lymphodepletion PNI is a simple, noninvasive, and robust tool for predicting therapeutic efficacy, long-term survival, and treatment-related toxicity in patients with R/R lymphoma receiving CAR T-cell therapy. A PNI threshold of 39.2 provides a valuable reference for risk stratification and clinical management.

Dental implants have revolutionized the rehabilitation of missing teeth by improving aesthetics, function, and long-term stability. Public awareness and acceptance of implant therapy are essential for a successful treatment. The present study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of dental implants among the population of North Maharashtra and to evaluate their association with demographic variables, such as gender, education, and monthly family income. A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 276 participants recruited from prosthodontics outpatient departments and community outreach programs at the Jawahar Medical Foundation's&#xa0;Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Dental College, Dhule. A structured questionnaire, consisting of demographic details and 20 implant-related questions, was administered. The questionnaire evaluated four domains: basic awareness, specific knowledge, attitude, willingness, and barriers to information sources. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 (released 2018; IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post-hoc test, and Pearson's correlation analysis were used, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Of the participants, 152 (55.1%) were males, and 124 (44.9%) were females. Females demonstrated significantly higher total questionnaire scores (10.64 &#xb1; 4.10) than males (9.55 &#xb1; 4.35) (p = 0.037). Educational status had a strong positive association with implant awareness and acceptance. Participants with postgraduate education demonstrated significantly higher total scores (13.55 &#xb1; 3.80) compared to participants without formal education (6.40 &#xb1; 3.20) (p < 0.001). Similarly, participants belonging to the highest monthly income group (>&#x20b9;50,000) exhibited greater total scores (13.20 &#xb1; 3.70) than the lowest income group (<&#x20b9;10,000) (7.55 &#xb1; 3.50) (p < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between basic awareness and specific knowledge (r = 0.58), attitude and specific knowledge (r = 0.62), and attitude with basic awareness (r = 0.49). All p < 0.001, indicating that enhanced awareness improves knowledge and willingness for dental implants. The present study demonstrated moderate awareness of dental implants among the population of North Maharashtra. Higher educational and socioeconomic status was significantly associated with improved awareness, knowledge, and acceptance of implant therapy. Public education initiatives and enhanced patient counseling are essential to improve awareness and accessibility of dental implants.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is the leading infectious cause of congenital neurosensory impairment. This article reviews the key clinical aspects essential for its management during pregnancy and discusses upcoming challenges and future perspectives. In recent years, valacyclovir has demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the risk of maternal-fetal transmission following seroconversion during pregnancy. Based on this evidence, the health-economic evaluation of systematic CMV screening during the first trimester of pregnancy strongly supports its widespread implementation, despite its inability to address secondary infections. Since June 2025, the French National Authority for Health (HAS) has recommended routine screening for CMV infection during the first trimester of pregnancy (for pregnant women whose serostatus is negative or unknown). Emerging antivirals, such as valganciclovir and letermovir, currently under evaluation, could expand treatment options. Finally, research on a vaccine are ongoing, it holds the potential to revolutionize the long-term management of this infection. Le cytom&#xe9;galovirus (CMV), virus de la famille des Herpesviridae, est la principale cause infectieuse de d&#xe9;ficit neurosensoriel cong&#xe9;nital. Cet article examine les diff&#xe9;rents aspects cliniques indispensables &#xe0; sa prise en charge au cours de la grossesse et discute les prochains d&#xe9;fis et perspectives &#xe0; venir. Le valaciclovir a prouv&#xe9; son efficacit&#xe9; au cours des derni&#xe8;res ann&#xe9;es pour r&#xe9;duire le risque de transmission materno-f&#x153;tale apr&#xe8;s une s&#xe9;roconversion pendant la grossesse. Depuis, l&#x2019;&#xe9;valuation m&#xe9;dico-&#xe9;conomique d&#x2019;un d&#xe9;pistage syst&#xe9;matique du CMV au cours du premier trimestre de la grossesse a fortement soutenu l&#x2019;id&#xe9;e de g&#xe9;n&#xe9;raliser ce d&#xe9;pistage, malgr&#xe9; son incapacit&#xe9; &#xe0; g&#xe9;rer les infections secondaires. La Haute Autorit&#xe9; de sant&#xe9; recommande ainsi, depuis juin 2025, le d&#xe9;pistage syst&#xe9;matique de l&#x2019;infection &#xe0; CMV au premier trimestre de la grossesse, pour les femmes enceintes dont le statut s&#xe9;rologique est n&#xe9;gatif ou inconnu. De nouveaux antiviraux comme le valganciclovir et le l&#xe9;termovir, en cours d&#x2019;&#xe9;valuation, pourraient enrichir les options de traitement. Enfin, les recherches sur un vaccin sont encore en cours&#x2009;&#xa0;; elles pourraient transformer la gestion de cette infection &#xe0; long terme.

Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i), initially developed as hypoglycemic agents, have revolutionized the management of cardiorenal diseases due to potent organ-protective effects. Evidence from large clinical trials (DAPA-CKD, EMPA-KIDNEY, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Preserved) has established that their renal and cardiac benefits manifest independently of the presence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Renally, nephroprotection mainly stems from the restoration of tubulo-glomerular feedback, which reduces hyperfiltration and intraglomerular pressure, thereby mitigating structural damage in non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Cardiologically, SGLT2i improve myocardial metabolism and reduce congestion, demonstrating efficacy in both Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This review synthesizes the pleiotropic mechanisms of action and the clinical evidence that extends the use of SGLT2i across the entire spectrum of CKD (eGFR &#x2265; 20 mL/min/1.73 m2) and Heart Failure offering practical considerations for clinicians regarding dosing and the management of adverse events, such as the initial eGFR dip and the prevention of euglycemic ketoacidosis.

Wearable sensing technologies and intelligent systems have gained significant attention due to their potential to revolutionize healthcare and fitness monitoring. These technologies enable the real-time continuous detection of various physiological and physical parameters, aiding in rehabilitation, fitness optimization, and personalized medicine. Recent advances show the integration of artificial intelligence with wearable sensors and electronics, offering clinical-grade home healthcare, accurate performance monitoring, and feedback-based health management. This review summarizes the latest progress in sensor technologies, device form factors, sensing modalities, data analysis algorithms, integrated electronics, and their applications to human health and fitness.

Although directed C-H activation has revolutionized organic synthesis, the asymmetric functionalization of arenes in the absence of directing groups remains a formidable challenge. Here we show that a palladium-catalyzed C-H activation reaction enables the enantioselective coupling of undirected arenes and heteroarenes with cyclopentene derivatives. Facilitated by a class of readily accessible chiral pyridone-oxazoline ligands, this protocol promotes efficient C(sp2)-H activation to generate the products featuring two stereocenters with excellent stereocontrol (up to 96% ee and 40:1 dr).