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Delayed abscess formation after orbital floor reconstruction using poly-L-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLLA/HA) implants is exceedingly rare. A 49-year-old man presented with progressive diplopia and hyperglobus 4 years after orbital floor repair with a PLLA/HA implant. Imaging showed an encapsulated lesion displacing the globe with the implant appearing displaced within the lesion. Surgical exploration revealed a fibrous capsule containing purulent fluid and fragmented implant material. Staphylococcus epidermidis was cultured, and histopathology showed chronic inflammation and fibrosis. After complete removal of the implant and capsule, the patient experienced full resolution of diplopia and hyperglobus. This case highlights that late abscess formation can occur even with bioresorbable PLLA/HA implants, possibly related to degradation byproducts and systemic factors such as diabetes mellitus and smoking. Long-term follow-up and prompt surgical intervention are important for successful management.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of neuronal development, metabolism, and plasticity, and its dysregulation is linked to many neurological disorders. Most studies have focused on cytoplasmic mTOR, yet mTOR is also present in the nucleus. In non-neuronal cells, nuclear mTOR has been linked to transcription, chromatin organization, and RNA metabolism. In neurons, its role remains largely unknown. Here, we present a focused Perspective on nuclear mTOR in the nervous system. We briefly summarize the best-established nuclear functions of mTOR, drawing mainly on evidence from non-neuronal cells. We then reanalyze published mTOR interactome datasets to assess whether these mechanisms may be relevant to neurons. Repeated links were observed to nuclear processes, particularly transcription, chromatin regulation, RNA processing, and DNA repair. Similar patterns were observed for gene sets associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. However, these associations are correlative and do not establish causality. Based on these findings, we propose a set of testable predictions and experimental approaches to directly examine nuclear mTOR function in neurons, including selective perturbation of its nuclear activity and analysis of gene expression and RNA processing. A key open question is whether nuclear mTOR has a functional role in neurons beyond its well-established cytoplasmic activities. This Perspective summarizes current evidence, highlights key gaps, and outlines directions for future studies on nuclear mTOR in neuronal function and disease.

Aesthetic fellowship in plastic surgery has evolved substantially since The Aesthetic Society joined the San Francisco Match in the 2017 to 2018 application cycle. Recent match data demonstrate a marked and sustained increase in applicant interest, with fellowship position fill rates rising accordingly. Drawing on data from national resident and program director surveys, recent match analyses, The Aesthetic Society endorsement criteria, and the senior author's personal experience, this article examines what the ideal aesthetic fellowship should provide. We propose 5 defining features: breadth of exposure, graduated autonomy under close mentorship, elective time, protected time for clinical research and cadaver dissection, and education in the business and ecosystem of aesthetic practice. As competition within the aesthetic marketplace continues to grow, fellowship training will likely remain central to positioning plastic surgery graduates for long-term excellence.

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are key mediators of metastasis and exhibit marked phenotypic plasticity driven by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Traditional marker-based CTC isolation approaches rely on epithelial marker expression, which may fail to capture mesenchymal and hybrid CTC subpopulations. Hybrid CTCs remain poorly characterised in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study explored transcriptionally defined CTC subpopulations in CRC to provide insight into CTC heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fractions from four treatment-naive CRC patients (AJCC stages I-IV). Integrated analysis with healthy PBMC controls enabled immune cell exclusion and cell-type annotation. CTCs were identified using epithelial and mesenchymal transcriptional scores together with CD45 negativity. Differential expression, pathway enrichment, and pseudotime analyses were used to characterise epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrid CTC states. Subpopulations of epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrid cells were identified in one CRC patient. Hybrid CTCs exhibited distinct transcriptional features and enrichment of pathways related to RNA metabolism, protein trafficking, mitochondrial energy production, DNA repair, and cytoskeletal organisation. Trajectory inference suggested a continuous EMT spectrum, with hybrid CTCs occupying intermediate pseudotime states characterised by progressive loss of epithelial markers and acquisition of mesenchymal-associated features. This study explored CTC heterogeneity in CRC using single-cell transcriptomics and identified epithelial, hybrid, and mesenchymal CTC states within the analysed sample. Hybrid CTCs exhibited distinct transcriptional features, providing preliminary insight into the transcriptional diversity of CRC CTCs. Further studies in larger cohorts are required to validate these findings and determine their clinical relevance.

Reprocessable and recyclable polyolefin (PO) vitrimers can be used as alternatives to conventional non-recyclable thermosets. While recent studies have successfully demonstrated dynamic network formation in virgin POs, the application of dynamic covalent chemistry in post-consumer mixed POs remains unexplored. Herein, we report the first reactive melt extrusion approach that utilizes nitroxide-mediated silyl ether chemistry to produce post-consumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) blended vitrimers. Key findings show that the fully formulated 75:25 wt./wt. HDPE/PP vitrimer creates a covalently crosslinked network with a storage modulus of >1 MPa at 220°C. Thermomechanical benchmarking against a permanent epoxy-ester thermoset reveals that the upcycled vitrimer combines thermoset-like dimensional stability above 180°C with dynamic melt-reprocessability, albeit with a modulus above its melting transition that is lower than the permanent network. For the first time, 2D wideline separation (2D WISE) solid-state NMR was used to qualitatively validate highly phase-selective crosslinking. This is the first study that establishes vitrimer formation from mixed post-consumer PO blends, thus providing a scalable upcycling pathway for municipal solid waste.

ObjectiveTo perform a 3-dimensional computed tomography-based comparison of nasal septal deviation and surrounding maxillary structures in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) during the pre-alveolar bone grafting stage.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingSingle tertiary care center.Patients, ParticipantsFifty-two consecutive patients in the pre-alveolar bone grafting stage were included (26 with UCLP and 26 with UCLA; age, 6-9 years).InterventionsNone.Main Outcome Measure(s)Nasal septal deviation in anterior, middle, and posterior regions and at superior, middle, and inferior levels within the middle region (MR); deviation of the anterior and posterior nasal spines (PNSs); and maxillary central incisor inclination.ResultsPatients with UCLP showed significantly greater septal deviation toward the cleft side than patients with UCLA, particularly in the MR. Vertical analysis showed the greatest deviation at the middle nasal point in both groups, with larger magnitudes in UCLP. The anterior nasal spine deviated toward the cleft side in both groups, whereas PNS deviation was predominantly observed in UCLP. Cleft-side maxillary central incisor inclination was greater in UCLP than in UCLA. Septal deviation was not significantly correlated with skeletal or dental variables. In contrast, septal length was strongly positively correlated with nasal cavity height in both groups.ConclusionsCleft type is associated with distinct 3-dimensional nasomaxillary morphology, and posterior skeletal asymmetry was characteristic of UCLP. Three-dimensional evaluation by cleft type may aid diagnosis and treatment planning during growth.

This study aimed to establish new morphometric reference values for the styloid process of the temporal bone, with particular emphasis on age- and sex-related differences and standardized 3-dimensional spatial orientation. A retrospective analysis of CT angiographies of the supra-aortic vessels from 339 patients (678 styloid processes) was performed. Patient age and sex were documented. Measurements included styloid process length and diameter, angular orientation in 2 orthogonal planes, distance to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone, and ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. Statistical evaluation was conducted. CT angiographies of 176 male (51.9%) and 163 female (48.1%) patients were analyzed. The mean styloid length was 26.1±10.4 mm (left) and 26.5±11.9 mm (right). Length increased with age in both sexes and was consistently greater in males. The mean anterior-posterior angle was 70.4°±5.63° (left) and 70.3°±5.9° (right); increasing length correlated with a decreasing AP angle, indicating medial displacement of the tip. The mean lateral angle was 64.2°±6.45° (left) and 64.2°±6.32° (right); increasing length correlated with increasing lateral angle, corresponding to dorsal displacement. The mean diameter measured 3.81±1.09 mm (left) and 3.87±1.16 mm (right), with age-related enlargement. This study provides new morphometric reference values for the styloid process, demonstrating age-related elongation and thickening accompanied by dorsomedial deviation of the tip toward the adjacent neurovascular structures.In summary, CTA‑based morphometry of the stylohyoid complex provides a shared quantitative framework linking anatomical variation to clinical presentation in Eagle syndrome. Incorporating these standardized reference values into routine imaging reports may facilitate more consistent recognition of clinically relevant stylohyoid pathology and support targeted treatment decisions.

NK cells are classically defined by their rapid cytotoxicity against tumor cells and infected cells and by early inflammatory cytokine production. However, unconventional roles for NK cells as regulators of immunity and tissue homeostasis have recently been uncovered. Beyond their classical roles, NK cells can orchestrate leukocyte trafficking, curtail responses of other immune cells, remove protein aggregates, support pregnancy, and contribute to healthy tissue regeneration. We discuss the importance of these myriad functional activities of NK cells in infection, cancer, autoimmunity, atopic and allergic disease, pregnancy, tissue injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. The functional pleiotropy of NK cells provides new avenues of translational utility for these innate lymphocytes and represents an unexplored complexity in conventional clinical applications of NK cells against infection and cancer.

Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) is widely recognized for its roles in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple cancers. However, its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in rectal cancer (RC) remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the functional roles of STRA6 and investigate the mechanisms underlying its dysregulation in RC. We employed RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes. STRA6 expression levels and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in RC were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Functional implications of these genes were investigated through a series of assays, such as CCK-8, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Potential upstream transcription factors regulating STRA6 were predicted bioinformatically and validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, the in vivo relevance of these findings was evaluated in a xenograft mouse model. A marked increase in STRA6 and One cut domain family member 2 (ONECUT2) expression was observed in RC tissues, with particularly elevated levels detected in radiation -resistant RC tissues. Functionally, STRA6 overexpression enhanced RC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while reducing apoptosis. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the oncogenic effects of ONECUT2 were partially reversed upon STRA6 knockdown. Mechanistically, ONECUT2 was identified as a transcription factor that binds directly to the STRA6 promoter and upregulates its expression, thereby activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to facilitate RC progression and radiation resistance. ONECUT2/STRA6 axis exerts an oncogenic function in RC through activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. STRA6 is widely recognized for its roles in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple cancers. but its role in rectal cancer (RC) remains unclear. This study clarified STRA6's function in RC and identified ONECUT2 as its upstream transcription factor regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to facilitate RC progression and radiation resistance. The findings provide novel insights into the prognostic and functional role of STRA6 in RC and underscore its potential as a promising therapeutic target.

Microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS parenchyma, are recognized as highly plastic, transcriptionally diverse cells whose phenotypes are moulded by development, region, sex, age, genotype and environment. Advances in single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility profiling, and spatial multi-omics have negated binary frameworks of 'resting versus activated' or 'M1 (pro-inflammatory) versus M2 (anti-inflammatory)' and revealed a multidimensional state space that supports brain development, homeostasis and adaptive responses to perturbation. Building on the foundational concepts of the microglial sensome, homeostatic and disease-associated signatures, microglia exhibit transcriptomic state transitions in neurodegeneration, demyelination, infection and systemic inflammation. Moreover, a mechanistic framework for more 'hidden' microglial states has emerged, in which latent programmes that appear homeostatic at baseline are revealed by challenges and are instructed through innate immune training or tolerance. We argue that these covert reprogrammed states, which are shaped by ageing, genotype, sex, location and prior exposures such as sepsis or viral infection, help explain interindividual variability in disease trajectories. We conclude by outlining priorities for unifying state annotation across species and modalities, and for translating state-resolved insights into biomarkers and interventions.

Plastic surgery is a multidimensional surgical discipline including reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, aesthetic surgery, and burn surgery, all on the fundament of plastic surgical research. In all of these disciplines, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been studied both experimentally and clinically. In reconstructive surgery, experimental data clearly demonstrate better survival of flaps when either pre- and/or postconditioned with ESWT, with fewer complications. In hand surgery, ESWT has been described for bone indications like scaphoid non-unions or lunate necrosis aka Kienböck's disease, tendon indications, nerve indications like carpal tunnel syndrome, or soft tissue indications like Dupuytren's disease. In aesthetic surgery, cellulite has been studied extensively, with more than 15 clinical studies, some of them randomized. Both radial and focused ESWT improve cellulite after 6-8 sessions by 25-35%. For facial antiaging, radial ESWT has been shown to reduce skin pore size by 80% and improve skin tone. In breast reconstruction, ESWT has been shown to reduce the capsular fibrosis associated with breast implants. For filler complications, ESWT can improve the situation, with a beneficial effect on granuloma-associated biofilm. As detailed in this article, ESWT is successfully applied in the entire field of plastic surgery-in reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, burn surgery, and aesthetic surgery, improving outcomes and reducing complications. Die plastische Chirurgie ist ein multidimensionales chirurgisches Fach mit den Facetten rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, ästhetische Chirurgie und Verbrennungschirurgie. In allen diesen Disziplinen wurde und wird die extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) sowohl experimentell als auch klinisch eingesetzt. In der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie erlaubt die Prä- und/oder Postkonditionierung von Lappenplastiken eine bessere Lappenüberlebensrate und weniger Komplikationen. In der Handchirurgie ist die ESWT bei knöchernen Indikationen wie der Kahnbeinpseudarthrose und der Lunatumnekrose als M. Kienbök, bei Beuge- und Strecksehnenentzündungen, bei Nervenindikationen wie dem Karpaltunnelsyndrom des N. medianus und bei Weichteilindikationen wie dem M. Dupuytren hilfreich. In der ästhetischen Chirurgie ist die Cellulite mit mehr als 15 klinischen Studien, z. T. in randomisiertem kontrolliertem Design, mit der ESWT zielführend zu behandeln. Für gewöhnlich werden 6–8 Sitzungen ein- bis 2‑mal/Woche durchgeführt mit Verbesserungen im Mittel von 25–35 %. Für die Gesichtsverjüngung kann die radiale ESWT die Hautporengröße um 80 % reduzieren und das Hautbild verbessern helfen. In der Brustrekonstruktion kann die implantatassozierte Kapselfibrose durch die ESWT klinisch relevant reduziert werden. Auch bei Fillerkomplikationen im Gesicht kann die ESWT zielführend eingesetzt werden mit positiven Effekt auf den granulomassoziierten Biofilm. Die ESWT ist damit in allen Facetten der plastischen Chirurgie vertreten.

Health workforce shortages across Europe are limiting care capacity and these shortages are expected to worsen. In Poland, hospitals have increasingly engaged medical students in paid assistant-to-a-physician roles (PA) and structured volunteer positions (VOL), which may support service delivery while also offering students clinical experience. However, the scale, governance, supervision, eligibility criteria, working-time rules, and scopes of practice for PA/VOL engagement have not yet been mapped nationally. This study aimed to characterize the extent, distribution, and organisational features of PA/VOL engagement across Polish public hospitals. A nationwide mapping study of all public hospitals in Poland was conducted. They were sent a structured 10-item request and asked them to report on their current PA/VOL engagement, the units involved, the eligibility requirements, the supervision arrangements, the working-time limits, the internal regulatory acts and the template duty scopes. Of the 549 hospitals contacted, 394 responded, yielding a response rate of 71.8%. Among responding hospitals, 99 (25.1%) reported employing PAs and/or engaging VOLs, comprising 562 PAs and 491 VOLs. There was pronounced regional variation: in some regions hospitals engaged hundreds of medical students, whereas in others these roles were not reported at all. Emergency departments were the most frequently reported settings. Ward/unit heads were most commonly indicated as supervisors, and hospitals reported various monthly hour caps. Only 36 of the 99 hospitals engaging students in PA and/or VOL roles reported having internal regulations governing these roles. Eligibility criteria for PAs most often required completion of Year 3 or 4, while 22 hospitals reported no requirements beyond student status. Duty profiles differed: VOL tasks more often reflected bedside support, whereas PA tasks were predominantly linked to documentation and care coordination. Medical student clinical engagement in Poland has expanded rapidly yet it remains fragmented and unevenly governed. There is marked variation in eligibility criteria, supervision descriptions, working-time protections, and internal regulations. Implementing a minimum national framework that defines the scope of roles by training stage, requires mandatory onboarding training, establishes clear lines of supervision, and ensures working-time safeguards could reduce unwarranted variation while improving patient safety, educational value, and utility of workforce. Not applicable.

Diabetic foot wounds disproportionately affect patients from ethnic minorities and lower-socioeconomic status, many of whom face barriers to accessing diabetes technology. To evaluate whether short-term virtual glucose monitoring (VGM) has the potential to improve clinical outcomes in this high-risk population, we implemented a pilot VGM program within a safety-net health system. We enrolled 40 hospitalized patients with diabetic foot wounds into a 3-month postdischarge VGM program that included 2 clinic visits and remote glucose monitoring every 1 to 2 weeks. Clinical outcomes were compared with a retrospective preintervention cohort of 78 similar patients. Although both groups had similar HgbA1c at diagnosis (VGM 10.6 &#xb1; 1.8% vs preintervention 11.1 &#xb1; 2.0%, P = .20), the HgbA1c at 3 to 6 months was lower in the VGM cohort (7.6 &#xb1; 1.1% vs 8.5 &#xb1; 2.0%, P < .01). Wound healing occurred more frequently in the VGM participants, with 68% achieving wound closure by 3-4 months versus only 47% in the preintervention cohort (P = .04). Nonsignificant reductions in emergency department visits and hospital readmissions for wound complications or hypoglycemia were observed in the VGM versus the preintervention cohort. The VGM program allowed for more timely and frequent opportunities to adjust diabetes medications and address social barriers to care. A short-term postdischarge VGM program has the potential to not only increase access to diabetes technology but also meaningfully improve clinical outcomes among patients with diabetic foot wounds in a safety-net health setting. Such program may offer a scalable strategy to reduce rates of complications and lower healthcare costs in a safety-net health system.

ObjectiveTo map and synthesize translational evidence on tissue-engineered grafts for orofacial cleft repair, emphasizing scaffold technologies, cellular therapies, growth-factor strategies, comparative outcomes, and barriers to clinical adoption.DesignScoping review using a structured, systematic-style search strategy and PRISMA-style study selection.SettingSystematic searches of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from inception through March 23, 2026.Patients/ParticipantsPeer-reviewed human clinical studies, systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and high-impact preclinical studies relevant to alveolar cleft or cleft palate reconstruction.InterventionsTissue-engineered approaches including calcium phosphate and collagen-based scaffolds, hydrogels, 3D-printed constructs, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-based therapies, bone marrow-derived cell concentrates, and growth-factor delivery systems such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).Main Outcome Measure(s)Study characteristics, translational relevance, radiographic bone fill or height, volumetric/densitometric outcomes, donor-site morbidity, complication profiles, dental eruption, craniofacial growth, and long-term graft stability.ResultsOf 719 records identified, 48 peer-reviewed studies met inclusion criteria. Autologous iliac crest cancellous bone remains the benchmark for secondary alveolar bone grafting. The strongest clinical evidence supports rhBMP-2 as a carrier-dependent, iliac-crest-sparing alternative or adjunct in selected patients, particularly with structurally supportive constructs such as demineralized bone matrix. Cell-based and scaffold-based therapies show feasibility but remain limited by heterogeneity in materials, processing, outcome measures, and follow-up duration.ConclusionsTissue-engineered grafts are progressing toward clinically evaluable cleft reconstruction therapies but have not replaced autologous bone grafting. Future studies require standardized imaging, dental, growth, safety, and patient-centered endpoints to define durable, scalable, and equitable clinical use.

The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety of available interventions for infantile hemangioma against oral propranolol and to evaluate the certainty of the comparative evidence.&#xa0;We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis in accordance with PRISMA-NMA guidelines and systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI from January 2008 to June 2026. A random-effects consistency model was fitted using the BUGSnet package. Evidence certainty was assessed using the CINeMA framework, and risk of bias was evaluated using the revised Cochrane RoB 2 tool.&#xa0;Thirty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 2,639 patients across nine treatment nodes were included in the efficacy analysis, and 12 RCTs involving 1,143 patients across eight nodes were included in the safety analysis. Using oral propranolol as the reference treatment, no active intervention demonstrated statistically significant superiority in efficacy, whereas placebo was significantly inferior. Corticosteroids were the only intervention associated with substantially higher adverse event rates, whereas atenolol showed a trend toward fewer adverse events.&#xa0;By anchoring all comparisons to oral propranolol and integrating CINeMA certainty assessments with inconsistency testing, these findings are consistent with the continued role of oral propranolol as the reference systemic treatment for infantile hemangioma. For patients intolerant to propranolol, atenolol may represent a reasonable alternative. &#xa0;By anchoring all comparisons to oral propranolol and integrating CINeMA certainty assessments with inconsistency testing, these findings are consistent with the continued role of oral propranolol as the reference systemic treatment for infantile hemangioma. For patients intolerant to propranolol, atenolol may represent a reasonable alternative. &#x2022; Oral propranolol is the established first-line systemic therapy for infantile hemangioma. &#x2022; Previous network meta-analyses have reported treatment rankings, but the clinical meaning of these rankings relative to oral propranolol remains uncertain. &#x2022; Despite favorable point estimates for combination therapy and nadolol, this benchmark-anchored analysis found no included active intervention statistically superior to oral propranolol. &#x2022; Certainty assessment showed that treatment rankings were limited by heterogeneity, inconsistency, risk of bias, and imprecision; atenolol had the largest body of direct comparative evidence among the alternatives.

Overexpression of brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 3 (BIG3) has been reported in estrogen receptor &#x3b1;-positive breast cancer (BC) tissues, with high BIG3 expression strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with BC. This study investigated the expression pattern of BIG3 in patients with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) and evaluated its clinical significance. Sixty-one tissue and 30 serum samples were collected from patients with EMPD. Immunohistochemistry showed that most EMPD tissues were positive for BIG3 (57/61, 93.4%), and strong BIG3 intensity correlated with the degree of invasiveness, lymph node/distant metastasis, and overall survival. Serum BIG3 levels in EMPD patients with invasive lesions were significantly higher than those in patients with in situ lesions and correlated with the serum concentration of cytokeratin 19 fragment. Therefore, BIG3 expression may serve as a prognostic marker in patients with EMPD.

Thermal shock failure restricts the long-term reliable operation of high-performance segmented thermoelectric devices in extreme environments such as space exploration. Taking the skutterudite-Bi2Te3 segmented thermoelectric leg as an example, here we show that thermal shock failure originates from thermal stress concentration caused by the thermal expansion mismatch between the solder and thermoelectric materials. To address this, we design a Ni foam composite solder layer, the network of which constrains the solder matrix, reducing its effective thermal expansion, while absorbing strain energy through plastic deformation during thermal shock. The leg with a Ni foam composite solder layer withstands seven thermal shocks with intact interfaces and exhibits a predicted service life of about 133 cold-start cycles, approximately 6 times higher than the leg with a conventional solder layer. The metal foam composite soldering strategy provides a practical route to improving the stability of thermoelectric devices under extreme thermal conditions and supports their future application-driven development.

The authors describe a 4-year-old boy with VACTERL (vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidney, and limbs)-associated bilateral neurotrophic keratopathy and a left limbal dermoid. Bilateral corneal neurotization was performed with simultaneous dermoid excision. Corneal sensation improved from 0 to 40 mm at 16 months, with stable ocular surfaces and no complications. The case is the first to illustrate that corneal neurotization may be combined with dermoid excision.