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The global cultivation of common carp Cyprinus carpio is developed primarily for either food or recreational purposes and myxosporean infections causing significant economic losses are regularly troublesome for carp farmers. However, most myxosporean species are poorly characterized, making it difficult to correctly elaborate on their parasitism mode and determine pathogenicity. Here, based on an integrative approach, we supplemented fundamental information on three Myxobolus species infecting different carp lineages in China. Myxobolus elliptoides Wu et Chen, 1987; Nine new species of Myxosporida from freshwater fish of Wuhu lake, Hubei, China. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 11, 161 formed yellowish pseudocysts in the anal fin of common carp and were observed with ellipsoidal myxospores and two polar capsules of distinct dimensions. The dermal tissue within the fin ray was regarded as the type site for growing plasmodia of M. elliptoides. Myxobolus basilamellaris Lom et Molnar, 1983; Myxobolus basilamellaris sp. n. (myxozoa, Myxosporea), a parasite of the gills of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Folia Parasitologica, 30, 1 aggregated ellipsoidal myxospores at the base of the gill filaments of koi carp juvenile, causing significant tissue damage. Myxobolus artus Achmerov, 1960, enwrapped in diffuse pseudocysts, was observed throughout the trunk muscle of mirror carp. Its oblate myxospores were asymmetrical and contained two unequal-sized polar capsules. According to the localization of large plasmodia, inter- and intramuscular preferences were displayed by M. artus. For precise species identification, we provided the SSU rDNA sequences for each species of Myxobolus. Among them, M. elliptoides was molecularly characterized for the first time, showing the highest 94.21% identity to Thelohanellus sinensis (KY469292). Phylogenetically, the affinity of both M. artus and M. basilamellaris to their conspecific species derived from different carp lineages was highly supported. Moreover, the intermixed cluster of Myxobolus species, including M. elliptoides, with those of Thelohanellus species provided evidence for querying the monophyletic evolution history of these taxa. This work updates the appreciation of the concerned species and enhances our understanding of the parasite fauna of common carp.

To investigate the seroprevalence and molecular characterization of Anaplasma parasites in mithun (Bos frontalis) and their tick vectors in Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh, India using serological and molecular methods. Mithun sera were screened for Anaplasma antibodies using a competitive ELISA targeting the MSP5 antigen. Blood samples and ticks collected from mithun were analyzed using PCR targeting the RNA polymerase subunit beta (rpoB) gene for Anaplasma species detection, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of positive samples. Serological testing detected Anaplasma antibodies in 11.90% (5/42) of tested mithun. PCR analysis of 358 mithun blood samples identified eight animals (2.23%) positive for A. marginale, with identity confirmed through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among the collected ticks, Anaplasma was detected in one R. microplus specimen (1/340), while all Amblyomma spp. (n = 25) tested negative. Phylogenetic analysis of the rpoB gene sequences showed the mithun isolates clustering with A. marginale reference sequences from diverse regions. This study provides the first documented evidence of A. marginale infection in mithun populations and associated ticks in Northeast India, supported by molecular, serological and phylogenetic analyses. The findings underscore the importance of multi-faceted diagnostic approaches, targeted vector control, and ongoing surveillance to address regional disease risks.

Dioscorea dumetorum (locally known as Esuru {Yoruba tribe of Nigeria}) has been claimed to be used in folk medicine for the management of malaria without information on the anti-plasmodial rich fraction. It is against this background that the current study was designed to provide information on the anti-plasmodial rich fraction of Dioscorea dumetorium tubers. The n-hexane (nHF), ethylacetate (EAF), and n-butanol (nBF) fractions obtained from D. dumetorum tubers were screened for anti-plasmodial activity. The most potent fraction, nBF, was further subjected to column chromatography and the resulting three sub-fractions (CCF1-CCF3) were equally screened for anti-plasmodial activity. The most potent sub-fraction, CCF1, was chemically profiled using HPLC. The results revealed that the nBF and CCF1 demonstrated the most profound inhibition (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05) of parasite growth by 49.13% and 40.80% respectively. The CCF1contained 11 chemical compounds with allantoin and protodioscin being relatively the most abundant. The significant and dose-dependent suppression of parasitemia by the n-BF and its CCF1 in the murine model conferred potent anti-plasmodial activity on them. In conclusion, the nBF and CCF1 from the D. dumetorum tubers represents a promising and pharmacologically relevant source for the development of novel antimalarial therapies or lead compounds.