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Social media has transformed how academics disseminate research, but its effect on academic job outcomes remains unclear. Previous research has shown correlations between social media exposure and metrics like citation counts, but these relationships may be confounded by unobserved factors such as researcher quality or access to professional networks. We examine whether social media promotion causally affects job market outcomes in economics through a field experiment on Twitter (now X). We first collect tweets about job market papers from 519 candidates and post them from a dedicated account. We then randomize half of the posts to be quote-tweeted by established economists in the candidates' fields, and measure the effects on both online visibility and hiring outcomes. We find that posts in the treatment group receive 441% more views and 303% more likes than those in the control group. Candidates whose posts were assigned to be quote-tweeted receive one additional flyout invitation compared to the control group average of 5.4 flyouts. Furthermore, women in the treatment group receive 0.9 more job offers than women in the control group, who receive 3 offers on average. Exploring mechanisms, we find that academic reputation drives these results, with stronger effects for quote-tweets from highly cited scholars and for candidates from top institutions. Our findings suggest social media promotion causally increases research visibility and improves academic job market outcomes.

Adipose tissue plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis, and its properties are shaped during embryonic development through adipocyte differentiation. Embryonic preadipocytes, therefore, represent a relevant model to study early events in adipose tissue formation and lineage specification. This article describes a reproducible protocol for the isolation and in vitro differentiation of white and brown preadipocytes isolated from mouse embryos at embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5), a developmental stage at which adipose depots begin to form. The method provides detailed guidance for tissue microdissection, enzymatic digestion, primary culture, and lineage-specific differentiation conditions that support cell viability and adipogenic maturation. Representative results include lipid droplet accumulation and lineage-associated marker expression, confirming successful differentiation under defined culture conditions. Using this approach, embryonic preadipocytes can be directed toward white or brown adipocyte fates, enabling comparative analyses of developmental timing, lineage characteristics, and gene expression profiles. This protocol offers a practical and developmentally relevant tool for investigating adipose tissue formation and perinatal programming mechanisms in a controlled experimental setting.

Disability is increasingly experienced by women ageing with HIV and multimorbidity. The Episodic Disability Questionnaire (EDQ) measures the presence, severity, and episodic nature of disability across six domains. We evaluated EDQ properties among women living with HIV in the United Kingdom. Participants in the Positive Transitions Through the Menopause (PRIME) study completed the EDQ at two timepoints (1 week apart), criterion measures (WHODAS 2.0, EQ-5D-5L, Work and Social Adjustment Scale), and a demographic questionnaire. We evaluated internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement precision (Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) 95%), and construct validity. We assessed disability prevalence using WHODAS 2.0 (moderate threshold) and Equality Act Disability Definition (severe threshold). Of 104 participants (median age 56 years, 65% Black ethnicity), 93 (89%) completed the EDQ twice. Median duration since HIV diagnosis was 23 years; 98% had undetectable viral loads and 86% reported multimorbidity. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.83 (social domain) to 0.92 (daily activities domain). ICC ranged from 0.70 (physical domain) to 0.91 (daily activities domain). Precision varied, highest in daily activities (MDC95%: 6.10) and lowest in mental-emotional domains (MDC95%: 11.52). The EDQ met 80% (n = 47/59) of construct validity hypotheses. Disability prevalence was 79.81% (95%CI 70.57, 86.79) moderate and 41.75% (32.24, 51.88) severe. The EDQ possesses internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity with varied precision among women living with HIV. Disability prevalence in this sample was higher than in the general population. The EDQ offers value for research, clinical practice, and national policy by enabling measurement and description of disability, supporting intervention evaluation, and informing priority-setting and healthcare service planning for women living with HIV in the UK.

BackgroundSleep is an essential component of memory consolidation and waste clearance, including pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Facilitation of sleep decreases amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau accumulation and is important for memory consolidation.ObjectiveWe previously found that 6-month female 3xTg-AD mice were impaired at spatial reorientation learning and memory. Given the association between sleep and AD, we assessed the impact of added rest on impaired spatial reorientation that we previously observed.MethodsWe randomly assigned 3xTg-AD mice to a sleep (n = 7; 50-60 min pre- & post-task induced rest) or a non-sleep group (n = 7; remained in home cage pre- & post- task). Mice in both groups were compared to non-Tg, age-matched, non-sleep controls (n = 6). To confirm that our rest condition induced sleep, we performed the same experiment with rest sessions for both 3xTg-AD and non-Tg mice (n = 5/group) implanted with recording electrodes to capture local field potentials, which were used to classify sleep states. Markers of pathology (AT8, 6E10, M78, and M22) were also assessed in the parietal-hippocampal network, where we previously showed pTau (AT8) positive cell density predicted spatial reorientation ability.ResultsWe found that 3xTg-AD sleep mice were unimpaired at spatial reorientation compared to non-Tg mice and performed better than 3xTg-AD non-sleep mice (replicating our previous work). This recovered behavior was apparent despite no change in the density of pathology-positive cells. Further, theta-gamma coupling during sleep may explain the facilitated cognition in 3xTg-AD sleep mice, suggesting brain activity patterns during sleep may mediate the restored cognition.ConclusionsImproving sleep in early stages of AD pathology offers a promising approach for facilitating memory consolidation and improving cognition.

Glaucoma is a leading global cause of blindness, making early detection essential. This paper introduces GlaucoXAI (Glaucoma Explainable AI), an advanced computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) model that integrates machine learning and explainable AI for glaucoma detection using retinal fundus images. The proposed model consists of four stages, including preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, and classification. Initially, features are extracted using the fast discrete curvelet transform with wrapping (FDCT-WRP) to obtain curve-type features. During the next stage, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are combined to reduce the dimensionality of the feature matrix, followed by a classification stage employing an improved grey wolf optimization (IMGWO) with an extreme learning machine (ELM) to optimize the weight and bias to reduce the overfitting of the model. The model has been experimented with two publicly available datasets named G1020 and ORIGA. The model has achieved 93.87% accuracy on G1020 and 95.38% on ORIGA, outperforming existing methods. The 10 × 5-fold stratified cross-validation (SCV) with explainable AI enhances the interpretability of models and improves clinician trust. Overall, the proposed approach offers accurate, efficient, and explainable glaucoma diagnosis, potentially supporting ophthalmologists in early disease detection.

In low-yield regions, yield intensification rather than land extensification offers the most efficient pathway to increase production and meet rising food demand. Yet, limited access to fertilizers remains a major constraint on crop productivity. The rapid expansion of insect farming has created a growing supply of an insect-derived organic fertilizer produced during insect rearing (frass); however, guidance on optimal field-scale application rates remains scarce. We conducted a large-scale field experiment in northern Madagascar to quantify yield responses of maize and soybean to Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) frass fertilizer and to identify optimal biophysical and economic application rates. Frass was applied at rates ranging from 0 to 30 t ha-1. For both crops, we did not identify a fertilizer rate that would maximize yield; instead, dry grain yield always increased with fertilizer rate and approached asymptotic maxima corresponding to 12.0- and 1.7-fold increases relative to unfertilized controls for maize and soybean, respectively. These rates are predicted to produce yields equivalent to 4.6- and 6.7-fold increases over national average yields, respectively. An economic analysis based on the marginal value-cost ratio (MVCR) indicated that the frass price is constrained by the profitability of soybean. Nevertheless, if using the national recommended dose of 3.6 t ha-1, a retail price of USD 13.8 t-1 would be highly attractive for soybean (MVCR = 3) and even more attractive for maize (MVCR = 5.6). This equates to just 2.2% of the current price of NPK fertilizer. Our results demonstrate that BSF frass can enhance crop yield and profitability in maize and soybean systems. While further research is necessary before these findings can be translated into large-scale application, this study establishes a foundational reference and framework toward achieving that goal. In Madagascar, intensifying maize production systems with organic fertilizers could increase yield and limit habitat destruction. Improved soybean productivity could reduce reliance on importation and diversify smallholder cropping systems. These findings highlight the promise of insect-derived fertilizers as a practical pathway toward sustainable intensification in low-yield agricultural contexts.

Traditional cell counting in clinical and research settings often relies on hemocytometry, a manual technique that is labor-intensive and prone to human error. These limitations in precision and throughput can hinder the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, particularly in the context of prostate cancer. Recent advances in machine learning have shown considerable promise in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of cell enumeration. In this study, we present a novel software system for the automated counting of prostate cancer cells, integrating image processing with deep learning methodologies. Unique to our approach, the system robustly utilizes images acquired from conventional mobile phone cameras, offering a highly accessible and scalable solution. It applies a convolutional neural network (CNN) in conjunction with a selective search algorithm to accurately identify regions of interest (ROIs), followed by robust image analysis algorithms for precise cell detection and quantification. This two-stage pipeline addresses the inherent variability and extraneous content in mobile-captured images, which is a significant advancement over methods reliant on controlled microscopic environments. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior accuracy compared to conventional manual counting approaches. This automated framework offers a practical, scalable solution that may significantly improve the reliability and efficiency of cell counting in both research and clinical diagnostics.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) involves applying electrical stimulation via electrodes to the auricular concha. This activates vagal afferent fibers, initiating an ascending pathway from the periphery to the brainstem, which ultimately stimulates central vagal projections and promotes neural plasticity. Previous studies have demonstrated that combining ta-VNS with motor training offers synergistic benefits for motor recovery after stroke. However, these combined approaches typically employ open-loop stimulation with fixed parameters, lacking real-time closed-loop responsiveness to dynamic neural activity. To address this limitation, we developed a novel closed-loop ta-VNS system synchronized with electroencephalography (EEG)-triggered brain-computer interface (BCI) motor training. This system was designed to enhance corticospinal coupling and promote synaptic plasticity. We established a standardized protocol for applying this closed-loop ta-VNS system synchronized with BCI-based motor training in stroke patients. Using EEG-based functional assessment, we compared the effects of the closed-loop ta-VNS system synchronized with BCI-based motor training to those of sham ta-VNS synchronized with BCI-based motor training. This work provides the methodological and theoretical groundwork for the clinical application of this approach in stroke rehabilitation.

The increasing reliance on patient portals for electronic health records has widened the digital health care access gap, particularly among low-income and Medicaid-insured populations. However, resources exist to assist low-income patients with portal enrollment; in obtaining a free smartphone; and, in New York, in obtaining low-cost internet. Automated bidirectional SMS text messaging offers a scalable and cost-effective strategy for identifying low-income patients' digital health needs and eligibility for resources by using screening questions and providing tailored information on how to access available resources. This study aimed to increase portal access among low-income patients using automated bidirectional SMS text messaging and assess its feasibility and acceptability. This quality improvement initiative involved sending automated, bidirectional SMS text messages in English to 12,381 Medicaid-insured and/or low-income patients from a primary care practice. Messages assessed patients' digital health needs and provided adaptive, personalized resources and assistance for enrolling in the patient portal and for accessing digital technology. We assessed response rates and follow-up portal enrollment rates. We surveyed participants regarding the acceptability, appropriateness, and usability of the SMS text messaging intervention, as well as their subsequent use of the patient portal. We performed descriptive statistics and a binomial probability test. In total, 9.2% (1140/12,381) of patients responded to the SMS text messages, with 3.9% (481/12,381) opting out and 5.3% (659/12,381) actively engaging. Among respondents, 71.1% (469/659) completed the follow-up survey. Respondents were predominantly female (336/469, 71.6%), with ages ranging from 18 to 65 years or older. Most respondents rated the message's clarity (420/469, 89.6%), its usefulness (400/469, 85.2%), and the demonstration of care by their health team (350/469, 74.6%) favorably. Concerns regarding privacy (61/469, 13%) and trustworthiness (71/469, 15%) were noted. Notably, 71% of initially unenrolled patients activated their patient portals after the intervention (P=.007), exceeding the hypothesized expectations. Automated bidirectional SMS text messaging had mixed effects on promoting patient portal use among low-income patients. Response rates to SMS text messages were low when delivered from an unknown phone number. Among responders, most reported that these messages were useful and that they would recommend them to others. Research is needed to determine optimal strategies for introducing the program and vendor phone numbers to patients to improve engagement.

Vascular malformations are anomalies of blood or lymphatic vessels that are frequently associated with activating PIK3CA mutations. Although these lesions are generally considered non-neoplastic, rare cases of malignant transformation to angiosarcoma have been reported, and the mechanisms underlying this progression remain unclear. Here, using a conditional mouse model in which GFAP-CreERT2 induces Pik3caH1047R expression with or without Trp53 loss, we observed an unexpected cutaneous vascular phenotype rather than intracranial tumor formation. Following tamoxifen induction, blood blister-like lesions developed on the tail, ear, and paw in 86.9% (53/61) of mice harboring at least one Pik3caH1047R allele, whereas no lesions were observed in mice lacking the mutant allele (0/13, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001). Trp53 loss did not significantly alter lesion incidence (76.5% vs 70.2%, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.76), indicating that PIK3CA activation is sufficient for lesion initiation. Histologically, the lesions consisted of cavernous CD31+ vascular channels with frequent thrombosis, most prominently in the dermis, consistent with venous or arteriovenous malformations. Mechanistically, endothelial cells lining the lesions showed little detectable p-AKT signal, whereas adjacent intervascular cells displayed increased p-AKT and focal GFAP expression, suggesting that PI3K activation in non-endothelial intervascular cells contributes to lesion initiation and remodeling. Importantly, Trp53 deficiency promoted malignant-like progression, with lesions exhibiting endothelial atypia, mitotic activity, intraluminal tufting, and infiltrative growth; 7 of 159 tail lesions showed malignant-like features reminiscent of angiosarcoma. Together, these findings demonstrate that PIK3CA activation initiates highly penetrant vascular malformations, whereas p53 loss promotes their rare neoplastic transformation. This model provides mechanistic and translational insight into how benign PIK3CA-mutant vascular malformations may progress toward vascular malignancy and offers a platform for studying biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to prevent this transition.

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition among children worldwide. Inhalation therapy is the primary treatment method, but children often make errors in its use and exhibit poor adherence, which impacts treatment effectiveness. Therefore, interventions to improve inhalation techniques and enhance adherence are urgently needed. This study aimed to develop and evaluate BreatheBuddy, developed by Haoyu Zhang, a training system incorporating gamified feedback designed to enhance inhalation skills and treatment adherence in children with asthma. This study used a single-factor repeated-measures design and recruited 20 children aged 6 to 8 years (10 boys and 10 girls), all of whom had prior experience with inhalers. The experimental group used the BreatheBuddy system, which combines a physical inhaler with an interactive game-based software. The system provides real-time animated feedback based on data from inhalation, breath-holding, and exhalation to guide the rhythm and depth of inhalation. The control group used a conventional inhaler method without a gamified system. Inhalation accuracy, adherence, and satisfaction were assessed using the respiration sensor, the Player Experience of Need Satisfaction scale, the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS), and the System Usability Scale (SUS) scales. Statistical comparisons between the groups were conducted using paired t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests to analyze differences. The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in inhalation accuracy, with longer breath-holding times and more stable breathing patterns compared to the control group (P<.001). The experimental group also exhibited significantly higher engagement and motivation, with Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (standardized score=93.83) and GUESS (median 87.92, IQR 86.54-88.46) scores markedly higher than those of the control group. Usability scores for the experimental group were also superior, with an SUS score of 88.96 (P<.001). Additionally, children in the experimental group showed reduced anxiety and improved focus during training. BreatheBuddy effectively optimized children's inhalation skills, boosted treatment adherence, and relieved inhalation-related anxiety. Different from conventional non-gamified training or simple game-based distraction, this study integrated breathing behaviors into core game interaction. With dynamic respiratory rhythm feedback, the system unifies skill training, motivation promotion, and emotional regulation. Combined with standard inhaler operation and immersive gamified interaction, it presents a novel behavior-oriented design paradigm. This work provides empirical evidence for gamified intervention in pediatric respiratory treatment and offers a practical auxiliary tool for clinical daily training to strengthen children's self-management. Further research will focus on personalized adjustment and wider clinical application of the system.

Global trade and climate change are driving the geographic expansion of dengue vectors, contributing to the global spread of dengue. Conventional vector control measures have proven insufficient to prevent substantial disease burdens, highlighting the need for innovative and sustainable strategies. The release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes offers a promising alternative for dengue suppression. Here, we developed a locally derived Ae. aegypti line carrying the wAlbB strain (wAlbB-Tw-Kao) and systematically evaluated its fitness, viral interference, and potential for vector population control. The strain was generated through embryonic microinjection of cytoplasm containing the intact wAlbB endosymbiont from field-collected Ae. albopictus in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, resulting in a stably infected mosquito line with 100% maternal transmission. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed a high similarity to the reference wAlbB genome. Cross-mating experiments demonstrated complete cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI, 0% egg hatch) when wAlbB-Tw-Kao males were mated with uninfected females. Antiviral assays against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and Zika virus showed significant reductions in viral titers in the midgut, salivary glands, and saliva. In cage experiments, increasing release ratios of wAlbB-Tw-Kao males led to significant suppression of wild-type populations, achieving up to approximately 90% reduction in egg hatch. These findings demonstrate the successful development of a locally derived wAlbB-infected Ae. aegypti line with strong CI, stable maternal transmission, and effective DENV and ZIKV blocking. These properties provide a foundation for future field-relevant evaluation under both suppression and replacement deployment frameworks.

Esophageal leiomyoma is a common benign tumor of the esophagus. Traditionally, surgical resection is performed for large lesions. In this case, a 19-year-old male patient with a GEL underwent three-dimensional volume rendering to assess the surrounding structures, followed by submucosal tunneling and resection (STER). A modified arc-shaped mucosal incision was designed to provide sufficient exposure for dissection and complete removal of the lesion. Postoperative pathology confirmed leiomyoma. The patient resumed oral intake on postoperative day 2 and was discharged on day 5. STER creates a submucosal tunnel between the mucosal and muscular layers of the digestive tract and is mainly used for removing small esophageal and cardia submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria. It offers several advantages, including a short operation time, minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and no visible scars. In this case, STER was successfully applied to remove a large lesion, indicating that endoscopic treatment of GEL is both safe and feasible. However, further experience is required to evaluate its long-term efficacy.

Working-From-Home (WFH) practices expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to be a point of discussion today with debates increasingly focused on productivity rather than the underlying reasons for WFH or flexibility. This study investigates why individuals value WFH and hybrid work arrangements in the United States. The specific period of study was during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding these motivations can inform constructive negotiations and effective policies that enhance productivity while supporting employees' work-life balance and caregiving responsibilities. Despite extensive discussion of whether employers should permit WFH, the diverse reasons employees seek flexibility remain understudied. Using data from a nationally representative online survey conducted in late 2021, we employ a best-worst scaling experiment to rank motivations for remote work. Results show the most valued reason for WFH is balancing work with caregiving, followed by reducing commuting time and costs, limiting exposure to illness, and preferring the home environment. A latent class model identifies four heterogeneous preference segments: (1) caregiving and commuting, (2) productivity and comfort, (3) multitasking and health safety, and (4) diffuse preferences without a dominant motivation. Additionally, seemingly unrelated regression analysis links WFH preferences with behavioral changes in grooming, attire, and personal care routines. These findings highlight the heterogeneity in workers' motivations for flexibility and suggest that one-size-fits-all approaches may be inefficient. By revealing the underlying drivers of WFH preferences, this study offers nuanced insights for organizations seeking to design flexible work policies that balance productivity objectives with employee well-being.

End-point binding free energy (BFE) methods, such as molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA), are widely used to estimate protein-ligand binding affinity due to their favorable balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. Their reliability, however, is fundamentally constrained by inherent statistical thermodynamic approximations and the limited accuracy of classical potential energy surfaces (PES). To overcome the PES bottleneck, we developed AIQM-PBSA, a novel hybrid framework integrating the ONIOM scheme with the PBSA model. Within this framework, the AIQM3 machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP)&#x2500;an advanced &#x394;-learning quantum mechanical (QM) model&#x2500;is employed to refine the molecular mechanics (MM) energy term, while solvation contributions are evaluated under the PBSA formalism. Extensive validation across diverse protein-ligand systems demonstrates that AIQM-PBSA substantially improves predictive accuracy, achieving Pearson R values of 0.84 and 0.82 on two primary benchmark data sets. On the rigorous Schr&#xf6;dinger JACS set, it yielded Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall correlations of 0.59, 0.58, and 0.42, respectively. By replacing classical force fields with MLIPs to describe gas-phase interaction energies, AIQM-PBSA significantly outperforms traditional MMPBSA and the classic ANI-2x. In summary, AIQM-PBSA offers a robust and generalizable framework that leverages advanced MLIPs to achieve QM-level accuracy while maintaining high computational efficiency, substantially improving the reliability of end-point free energy calculations in biomolecular recognition.

Epilepsy surgery continues to advance new minimally invasive techniques for both seizure localization and treatment. Stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) is increasingly being used; however, some patients continue to require subdural electrodes for neocortical mapping. Traditional subdural grid electrodes involve medium to large craniotomies, relatively large incisions, and can be associated with morbidity. The authors describe a minimally invasive technique using a small, strip-like craniotomy and sequentially placed subdural strips to form a minimally invasive subdural grid (MIG) for seizure localization. Eight patients underwent electrode placement using a MIG in combination with stereotactic depth electrodes. Small craniotomies, typically positioned several centimeters away from the targeted region, allowed insertion of parallel strip electrodes under stereotactic navigation to create a grid-like array. Postoperative imaging confirmed electrode positioning and allowed for adjustments. The MIG technique successfully localized epileptogenic zones without major complications and was effectively used for stimulation-based mapping. No patient developed subdural fluid collection over the grid site, hemorrhage, or significant CSF leakage. The MIG technique significantly minimized the surgical incision and craniotomy size required for equivalent neocortical surface coverage. The MIG technique offers a safe, minimally invasive alternative for seizure localization and mapping while reducing craniotomy size. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE25981.

Students often choose to study for exams with friends. Since active learning in class boosts success, instructors might expect studying with peers to also help. However, research offers little support for this. We investigated whether students study with peers because of low metacognitive knowledge about study strategies. At the start and end of a first-term introductory biology course, students reported their study strategies and their knowledge about their effectiveness. These data were combined with student demographic information and grades. We found that students entered university demonstrating only modest metacognitive knowledge, and this was associated with course performance. Study group use was popular, with students valuing the support and collaboration, but it had no significant effect on exam scores. Students chose encoding over retrieval strategies regardless of whether they studied alone or with others, and students who more often used encoding strategies while studying scored lower on exams. We conclude that studying with friends is not harmful, but it is based on incomplete metacognitive knowledge, and encoding strategies in general are used too close to exams. We recommend that instructors encourage peer study groups to meet during nonexam weeks when students are learning rather than studying.

This study proposes an improved feature-point matching and 3D registration method for augmented reality tourism applications. This method addresses issues such as poor alignment, low stability in complex environments, and low feature-matching accuracy. An improved feature point matching method for tourism images is introduced, which combines the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm with an enhanced Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF algorithm. In this method, feature points are initially detected using the SURF algorithm, and their orientation is determined via wavelet response analysis. The Lucas-Kanade optical flow method is employed for feature point tracking. The random sample consensus algorithm is then used to eliminate mistracked points. Furthermore, an augmented reality tourism 3D registration technique based on an improved homography matrix is proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional homography matrices, such as low matching accuracy and registration efficiency. The performance of the proposed method was analyzed through comparative experiments against the SIFT, SURF, and original ORB algorithms under various image transformations, including scale, blur, illumination, and rotation. The correct matching rate and matching time were used as evaluation metrics. Simulation tests were conducted for 3D registration using different 3D models. Registration accuracy and successful registration counts were evaluated under rotational changes. The outcomes indicated that the average correct matching rate of the proposed algorithm is increased by 44.08%, 36.51%, and 16.09% under scale variation than the scale invariant feature transformation algorithm, speeded up robust features algorithm, and unimproved algorithm, respectively. The correct matching rate under fuzzy transformation increased by 33.46%, 19.65%, and 9.35%, respectively. The average registration accuracy of the proposed 3D registration technique was 98.74% under rotational transformation. The outcomes reveal that the study's suggested approach can successfully improve the scene's virtual and real-world fusion effect and offers a fresh approach to the use of augmented reality technology in the travel industry.

Nanotechnology-enabled NPK fertilization combined with biostimulants offers a sustainable approach to enhance crop productivity, resource-use efficiency, and environmental performance in specialty crops. A two-year (2022-2023) factorial experiment (3&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;2), arranged in a completely randomized design, evaluated the interactive effects of nano humic acid-silicic acid-based Triple 20 NPK fertilizers (nano-NPK) applied at 40, 80, and 120&#x2009;kg ha&#x2009;&#x207b;&#x2009;&#xb9;, with and without 0.3% salicylic acid (SA) as biostimulant, on processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. BHN 685) grown in a low-fertility soil under drip-irrigated, raised bed plasticulture. Conventional Triple 20 NPK fertilization at 120&#x2009;kg ha&#x2009;&#x207b;&#x2009;&#xb9; served as the control. Multivariate statistical analyses demonstrated that nano-NPK fertilization and SA, alone or in combination, significantly improved tomato yield components, water use efficiency (WUE), and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE), while reducing cull fruit and increasing marketable yield. Among treatments, 80&#x2009;kg ha&#x2009;&#x207b;&#x2009;&#xb9; nano-NPK combined with 0.3% SA produced both total and marketable yields equivalent to or exceeding those obtained with 120&#x2009;kg ha&#x2009;&#x207b;&#x2009;&#xb9; nano-NPK or conventional fertilization, alongside higher nutrient, and water utilization. These improvements were associated with enhanced nutrient bioavailability, uptake, and photosynthetic performance due to nano-enabled NPK fertilization, with SA further promoting plant growth and fruit quality. This combination reduced fertilizer input by up to 33% without compromising yield, achieving WUE and FUE comparable to or better than conventional NPK fertilization (120&#x2009;kg ha-1). Economically, 80&#x2009;kg ha&#x2009;&#x207b;&#x2009;&#xb9; nano-NPK&#x2009;+&#x2009;0.3% SA achieved the highest benefit-cost ratio (1.26) and net return (US $1,988 ha&#x2009;&#x207b;&#x2009;&#xb9;), outperforming conventional NPK fertilization. Environmental assessment indicated improved energy use efficiency (4-6%) and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity per unit of marketable yield. Although total GHG emissions were statistically similar at higher application rates, nano-NPK, SA, or their combination reduced GHG intensity, highlighting their sustainability advantage. Overall, integrating 80&#x2009;kg ha&#x2009;&#x207b;&#x2009;&#xb9; nano-NPK with 0.3% SA optimizes yield, profitability, and environmental stewardship, offering an efficient pathway for sustainable intensification of tomato production.