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Exposure to harmful environments during pregnancy and maternal nutritional status are key factors that affect offspring development; however, the underlying mechanisms of maternal-fetal interaction remain to be elucidated. In recent years, research on gut microbiota and epigenetics has provided new perspectives for understanding these mechanisms. This review systematically summarizes the potential mechanisms by which the maternal gut microbiota influences prenatal development from an epigenetic perspective. Furthermore, it discusses the role of personalized nutritional interventions in the prevention of non-communicable diseases during embryonic and fetal development, aiming to provide new insights and intervention targets for promoting healthy pregnancies and enabling early disease prevention.

To evaluate the association between red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) and cataract risk among US adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2008. RAR was calculated using red blood cell distribution width and serum albumin measurements obtained from mobile examination centers, with higher values indicating greater systemic inflammation and nutritional deficiency. Self-reported history of cataract surgery served as a proxy for cataract diagnosis. Covariates included sociodemographic factors, lifestyle variables, and comorbidities. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between RAR and cataract. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was performed to examine potential nonlinear relationships. Propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented to reduce confounding bias. Finally, subgroup analysis was performed to investigate potential interaction effects. The analytical cohort comprised 26397 participants, among whom 2295 (8.70%) had cataract. Cataract patients exhibited significantly higher RAR values (3.22 &#xb1; 0.47) compared to non-cataract participants (3.06 &#xb1; 0.46). After adjustment for all covariates, a positive association between RAR and cataract was observed, both when RAR was treated as a continuous variable (odds ratio (OR)=1.412, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.208-1.649; P <0.001) and when analyzed categorically by quartiles. Participants in the highest RAR quartile had significantly increased cataract risk relative to the lowest quartile (OR=1.572, 95% CI: 1.261-1.958; P <0.001). RCS analysis revealed no evidence of nonlinearity (P for nonlinearity =0.520). This positive association persisted in a 1:2 PSM analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant interaction effects across covariates, with the RAR-cataract association remaining statistically significant in most subgroups. Elevated RAR is independently associated with higher cataract prevalence, implicating systemic inflammation and nutritional deficiency as modifiable risk factors.

While previous research has established fructose as an alternative carbon source for tumors and implicated it in the metabolic reprogramming of pancreatic cancer, a comprehensive understanding of its coordinated regulation through exogenous uptake and endogenous synthesis, and its coupling with stress adaptation mechanisms like stress granules (SGs) to form an "adaptive survival axis," remains incomplete. This study employed a mechanism-oriented narrative review approach to integrate existing evidence on the regulatory mechanisms of fructose metabolism and stress response signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), based on literature identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. Our findings indicate that fructose is taken up via GLUT5 and endogenously synthesized through the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP). It subsequently modulates redox homeostasis and autophagy via the pentose phosphate pathway, lipid synthesis, and the AMPK/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Concurrently, fructose induces eIF2&#x3b1; phosphorylation and the phase separation of RNA-binding proteins to form SGs. These SGs act as a metabolic-signaling coupling platform, synergizing with the KRAS-NUPR1 pathway to enhance tumor stress tolerance. By integrating these pathways, this study innovatively proposes a framework of the "fructose metabolism-driven adaptive survival axis" in PDAC, positing fructose metabolism as a critical adaptive survival axis that combines metabolic reprogramming with stress tolerance. This provides a theoretical basis for developing synthetic lethality strategies targeting "fructose uptake/metabolic enzymes + blockade of SG formation" and precision nutritional interventions. Consequently, this research not only advances our understanding of pancreatic cancer metabolism but also reveals therapeutic opportunities involving metabolic targeting, stress granule modulation, and precision nutritional intervention.

Central venous catheterization is a procedure involving the percutaneous insertion of a catheter into a central vein, such as the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein. It is frequently used for monitoring central venous pressure (CVP), assessing central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), performing blood purification, providing nutritional support, and administering specialized medications. Among available sites, the internal jugular vein is commonly preferred. Catheter malposition is a recognized complication. Malpositioned catheters typically occur in larger veins, including the internal jugular, axillary, subclavian, and innominate veins. Rarely, ectopic catheter placements occur within smaller vessels associated with the venous trunk, venous sinuses, lymphatic vessels, or, exceptionally, within the arterial system. This article reports a rare case of an internal jugular vein catheter malpositioned intracranially, resulting in infiltration of intravenous nutrient fluid into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The report aims to provide clinical guidance and raise awareness among medical personnel regarding this uncommon complication. A 6-month-old boy was admitted to the pediatric surgery department for colostomy reversal. Before the operation, internal jugular vein catheterization was successfully performed under ultrasound guidance. However, on the second day after catheter placement, no blood return was obtained from the central venous catheter (CVC). Cervical vascular ultrasound initially suggested normal catheter positioning within the internal jugular vein. On the fourth day after catheterization, the patient developed poor oxygen saturation and seizures. Comprehensive evaluations, including CSF analysis, cervical vascular ultrasound, and radiographs of the skull and chest, strongly suggested that the CVC had inadvertently entered the intracranial dural sinus, causing intravenous nutrient fluid infiltration into the CSF. The patient was managed aggressively with endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, antibiotic therapy, and measures to reduce intracranial pressure. Following treatment, he recovered fully and was discharged from the hospital. Precise technique and accurate catheter positioning are essential for successful internal jugular vein catheterization. Although ultrasound guidance improves catheterization success rates, it has significant limitations in preventing distal catheter-tip malposition. Therefore, imaging examinations remain critical to confirm catheter placement and trajectory, helping to prevent potential complications.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the treatment of choice for severe aortic stenosis in elderly and high-risk patients; however, long-term mortality remains substantial. Conventional surgical risk scores show limited prognostic performance in this population, in whom frailty and impaired nutritional and inflammatory status are common. The hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet (HALP) score integrates these domains, but its prognostic value in TAVI has not been established. To evaluate whether the preprocedural HALP score predicts long-term all-cause mortality after TAVI. This retrospective single-center study included 785 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI between January 2018 and January 2024. HALP scores were calculated from routine laboratory parameters. Clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural data were collected. Independent predictors of mortality were assessed using Cox regression analysis. The optimal HALP cut-off was determined by maximally selected rank statistics, and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. During a median follow-up of 21.8 months, 62 (8%) patients died. Non-survivors had significantly lower HALP scores and a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation. In multivariable analysis, lower HALP scores independently predicted mortality (HR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91-0.98; p = 0.002), along with chronic kidney disease and paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis. A HALP cut-off of 36.82 effectively discriminated long-term survival (log-rank p < 0.0001). Preprocedural HALP score is an independent predictor of long-term mortality after TAVI and may aid preprocedural risk stratification.

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a major leafy vegetable valued for its nutritional content and commercial importance. The timing of bolting, defined as the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, is a critical factor determining harvest period and leaf quality. In this study, the objectives were to identify genomic regions associated with bolting variation and assess genomic prediction (GP) accuracy for molecular breeding. Evaluation of bolting in a panel of 295 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) accessions revealed a bimodal distribution reflecting contrasting bolting phenotypes. Whole-genome resequencing (WGR) yielded 16,563 high-quality SNPs. A multi-model GWAS approach identified seven significant loci distributed across chromosomes 2, 4, and 6.&#xa0;A major-effect locus was identified on chromosome 6 (~13.54 Mb), where the lead SNP, SOVchr6_13545882, exceeded the significance threshold with a peak -log10(P) value of 8.66. Consistently identified across multiple robust models, this SNP explained 21.18% of the phenotypic variance (PVE). Within this interval, candidate genes SOV6g004520 (cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase) and SOV6g004560 (PPR protein) were prioritized due to their established roles in floral transition pathways. GP analysis further indicated a predominantly additive genetic architecture, with the rrBLUP model achieving a peak predictive accuracy of r &#x2248; 0.39.&#xa0;A prioritized set of only six significant GWAS-derived SNPs (m6) achieved accuracy levels equivalent to the whole-genome panel. The genomic regulation of bolting identified through this analysis establishes a foundation of validated resources for the development of spinach cultivars with optimized reproductive timing.

Date fruits (Phoenix dactilyfera L.) are widely produced with huge wasted by-products (seeds/pits and fibers) in remarkable nutritional and economic potential value. This study aims to examine the impact of the functional properties of date seeds on health status and gut microbiota (GM) modulation in diabetic rats. Collected samples were dried and used in powdered form (DSP) for chemical compositions. Diabetic rats were then fed with this (5%, 10%, and 15%) versus control healthy group. Blood samples were used for glucose (BG) with lipid profiles (cholesterol; CHO), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Additionally, kidney (Urea, Criatinine) and histological function and GM were measured. Data indicated that DSP contain crude fiber, total sugar, and crude fat about 77%, 6%, and 6% respectively. Additionally, potassium was the highest while phosphorus shows the lowest (31.53&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;1.19 vs. 2.48&#x2009;&#xb1; 0.31&#x2009;g/100&#x2009;g DSP). Iron, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were 14.29&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.59, 12.53&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.49, 9.23&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.22, and 7.60&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.42&#x2009;g/100&#x2009;g DSP respectively. The 10% and 15% DSP supplementations affected the GM; Clostridium histolyticum reductions versus Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus enhancement. Also, kidney functions and lipid profile improved especially at 15% supplementations (CHO and TG decrease vs. HDL-c increase). Valorization of date seed by-products indicates their potential health effects on lipids and kidney functions among diabetic models influenced by their antioxidant, mineral and fiber levels in association to GM composition. However, further studies are needed on humans with sustainable utilization manner of food waste.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly, with a steadily rising prevalence that poses a significant global public health challenge. Recently, dentition defects (DD), such as tooth loss, have gained attention as potential risk factors influencing neurocognitive health. However, the relationship between DD and AD remains inconclusive, necessitating a systematic analysis to clarify this association. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies published between 1996 and 2022. Eligible studies assessing the relationship between DD and AD were included. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. Fourteen studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 52 to 156,450 participants. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between DD and an increased risk of AD (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-1.74, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Heterogeneity among the studies was substantial (I&#xb2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;97%), reflecting considerable variability in study designs, populations, and exposure definitions. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessments indicated the reliability of the results despite high heterogeneity. Mechanistic analyses suggested that DD may elevate AD risk through pathways such as chronic inflammation, nutritional deficiencies, alterations in the oral microbiome, and reduced cognitive reserve. DD are significantly associated with an increased risk of AD. Improving oral health may represent a modifiable factor warranting. However, further high-quality prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent per-fluoroalkyl substance that bioaccumulates in freshwater fish and is increasingly driving new fish consumption advisories in the United States. Toxicity assessments have derived low PFOS reference doses that might be exceeded by fish consumption from many relatively uncontaminated waterbodies. Because PFOS cannot be readily removed from fish, and fish provide substantial nutritional health benefits, advisory programs need to consider health consequences of both PFOS-initiated toxicity and lost benefits of reduced fish intake. This narrative review synthesizes epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for benefits of fish consumption overlapping with four priority PFOS noncancer health endpoints (immune, hepatic, cardiovascular, developmental) identified by USEPA. For each endpoint, biological pathways were examined through which n-3 PUFAs may counterbalance/modulate PFOS-associated toxicity, including competitive binding at nuclear receptors, anti-inflammatory signaling, lipid regulation, and effects on fetal growth and immune function. Although quantitative data are lacking, evidence supports a risk-benefit framework for PFOS fish advisories that acknowledges potential offsets between PFOS risks and fish-consumption-associated health benefits. In addition, critical data gaps were identified, including the need for biomonitoring studies assessing PFOS and fish-derived nutrient co-exposures. Overall, this review provides scientific context for balanced public health decision-making for those individuals who rely on local fish as an accessible and health-promoting food.

In competitive sports, minor performance enhancements can significantly impact outcomes, driving athletes to utilize nutritional supplements, though many lack robust scientific evidence. Inorganic nitrate (NO&#x2083;&#x207b;) stands out as a well-supported ergogenic aid, particularly for high-intensity activities, enhancing both performance metrics and psychological factors like perceived exertion. Wrestling, characterized by short, intense bursts of activity, necessitates efficient energy metabolism and recovery strategies. This protocol describes a trial to evaluate the acute effects of vitamin C-enriched beetroot supplementation on the performance of semi-professional wrestlers, assessed through upper and lower body Wingate tests. This study will conduct a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial involving 28 semi-professional wrestlers. Participants will be assigned to receive either a beetroot juice containing 8.4&#x2009;mmol of nitrate and 90&#x2009;mg of vitamin C or a placebo. Randomization will be facilitated through a web-based tool, ensuring blinding with placebo drinks. The primary outcome will be maximal anaerobic power, while secondary outcomes will include mean anaerobic power, fatigue index, time to exhaustion, and metabolic markers associated with muscle damage, such as creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The trial is registered at IRCT20240407061440N1. Not applicable (study protocol). This protocol describes a rigorous trial to evaluate potential ergogenic and recovery benefits of vitamin C-enriched beetroot in wrestling-specific anaerobic performance, addressing gaps in multi-muscle group testing.

Foods fortified with probiotics are a fast-emerging field at the crossroads of food technology, nutritional biochemistry and microbiome science. The increased interest in the gut microbiota as a key controller of host metabolism, immunity and overall homeostasis has led to the creation of diets that provide key nutrients with live and beneficial microbes. Compared to the conventional dietary supplementation, there are improved microbe stability, bioavailability, and microbe-nutrient interactions of probiotic fortification of food matrices. This review is a summary of the literature on the impact of probiotics on the host immunological and metabolic signalling pathways, intestinal barrier functioning, and gut microbiota composition. The biological mechanisms of interaction of probiotics with the intestinal microenvironment are specifically focused on the production of short-chain fatty acids, expulsion of pathogens, the regulation of immune cells, and the communication of the gut-brain axis. New information that can be used to correlate the administration of probiotics with the improvement of gastrointestinal health, systemic inflammation, metabolic maintenance and neurobehavioral phenotypes is narratively synthesized based on available preclinical and clinical evidence. The opportunities of probiotic-enriched functional foods have been highlighted in this review as a strategic tool of disease prevention and health promotion in the context of the mechanistic knowledge in combination with translational health outcomes. The complexity in the interactions between microbial delivery systems and host physiology is the clue to the best efficacy, safety and the future innovation in the development of functional foods.

The interplay between sarcopenia and frailty is difficult to delimit and has been little analysed in patients with acute heart failure (HF). This work aims to describe the relationship between sarcopenia and frailty and analyse its impact on congestion and early outcomes. This is a single-centre observational study. Patients with decompensated HF were classified based on presence of sarcopenia and on presence of frailty. Patients with sarcopenia were analysed in terms of plasma volume variations or natriuretic peptides. A correlation analysis between patients with sarcopenia and functional, cognitive, depression, nutritional and frailty status was performed. The influence of both sarcopenia and frailty on early readmissions was also analysed. A total of 224 patients (mean age 81.2&#x2009;years (2.9), 48.7% males) were analysed. Of them, 11.2% had sarcopenia and 74.5% had frailty. Natriuretic peptide levels were higher in those with sarcopenia but haematocrit values were lower. Patients with sarcopenia tended to have haemodilution, though this finding was not significant (46.8% vs 37.2%, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.47). The correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between sarcopenia, and time up and go test. Frailty was related to malnourishment, cognitive and depressive disorders, and the Lawton-Brodie index. Only sarcopenia was independently related to early readmissions (OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.2-8.0, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.01). The prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty can vary within a population of patients with HF. Sarcopenia associated with muscle dysfunction but not with other domains of frailty determined a poorer congestive status and a higher early readmission rate.

The role of erythroferrone, a hormone synthesized in erythroid cells that suppresses hepatic production of hepcidin to increase systemic iron availability during erythropoiesis expansion, has not been sufficiently characterized in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we evaluated its determinants and its association with mortality risk in patients with CKD stages 3-5. In this cross-sectional study with longitudinal follow-up, erythroferrone, hepcidin, ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and nutritional status were assessed in 377 CKD patients [92 patients with CKD stages 3-4, 210 non-dialysed patients with CKD stage 5 and 75 patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD)]. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between erythroferrone and relevant variables. The association between erythroferrone and mortality risk was analysed using Fine-Gray analysis, accounting for kidney transplantation as a competing risk. Erythroferrone, hepcidin and ferritin were higher in PD patients and in CKD 5 patients as compared with CKD 3-4 patients, whereas the hepcidin-to-ferritin ratio did not differ between the cohorts. In linear regression analysis, erythroferrone was positively associated with the reticulocyte count, CRP and CKD severity and negatively associated with TSAT and the hepcidin-to-ferritin ratio (and hepcidin). Further adjustment for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) revealed that erythroferrone no longer showed an association with the severity of CKD or CRP levels. Finally, erythroferrone was linked to both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Erythroferrone in CKD patients associated with the reticulocyte count and ESA dose and was inversely correlated with the hepcidin-to-ferritin ratio and TSAT, while its relationship with CKD stage may reflect ESA therapy. Higher circulating erythroferrone levels are associated with an increased mortality risk.

Nutritional strategies have emerged as promising tools to modulate immune responses in marine fish, particularly at mucosal surfaces involved in host-pathogen interactions. Dietary immunomodulators such as yeast-derived &#x3b2;-glucans (BG) have gained attention for their capacity to enhance innate immune defenses, however their role in coordinating these mechanisms during bacterial infections remains incompletely understood. This study evaluated the effects of two dietary inclusion levels (0.06 and 0.12%) of purified yeast &#x3b2;-1,3/1,6-glucans on the immune responses of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) following a bath challenge with Tenacibaculum maritimum specifically. After four weeks of feeding with experimental diets, fish were exposed to a sub-lethal infection, and immune parameters were accessed in the skin, intestinal mucosa and at systemic level. Growth performance and feed efficiency were not affected by BG supplementation. At 24&#xa0;h post-infection, fish fed with the 0.12% BG diet maintained circulating leukocyte counts and displayed increased plasma lysozyme activity, indicating enhanced early immune readiness. Moreover skin immune responses showed an early upregulation of pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial related genes, followed by increased expression of regulatory cytokines at 7 days post-infection, suggesting an efficient transition from immune activation to resolution. In contrast, intestinal immune responses remained largely unchanged, indicating a compartmentalized modulation focused on the primary site of infection. Overall, dietary BG supplementation exerted a dose dependent immunostimulatory effect in European seabass, with 0.12% BG eliciting the most significant chances in disease resilience.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.5114/wo.2022.120700.].

Fermented radish is a traditional Asian vegetable product, but spontaneous fermentation (SF) often leads to unstable quality and safety risks. This study compared inoculated fermentation (IF) using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PC170 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides 3R18 with SF in white radish, analyzing physicochemical properties, flavor profiles, and microbial communities. Results showed that IF accelerated acidification, suppressed nitrite accumulation, improved texture and color stability, enhanced lactic acid, umami/sweet amino acids and terpenes, and reduced undesirable sulfur compounds. IF enriched beneficial Lactiplantibacillus and Leuconostoc while inhibiting harmful Fusarium. This strategy improves the quality, safety and flavor of fermented radish, providing a reliable approach for vegetable fermentation optimization.

To analyze the characteristics of vitamin D (Vit D) and identify factors influencing Vit D deficiency in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Patients diagnosed with KOA between January 2018 and December 2023 were enrolled as study subjects. A total of 260 KOA patients with available Vit D test records were included, consisting of 214 females and 46 males, with a mean age of (71.95&#xb1;8.35) years and a median disease duration of 5 (4.00, 9.00) years. Differences in the severity of Vit D deficiency between the general population and KOA patients, as well as changes in Vit D levels at different stages of KOA progression, were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression and nested analysis were used to investigate the influencing factors of Vit D in female patients with KOA. A total of 260 KOA patients were included. The median Vit D level was 17.31 (12.45, 25.91) ng&#xb7;mL-1. The numbers of patients with normal, insufficient, and deficient Vit D were 35, 74, and 151, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Vit D levels in KOA patients were influenced by female sex (OR=3.909, 95% CI(0.490, 2.236), P=0.002), imaging grading(OR=17.486, 95%CI(0.220, 5.503), P=0.034), and osteoporosis (OR=0.134, 95% CI(3.381, -0.635), P=0.004). Nested analysis demonstrated that osteoporosis with Vit D supplementation reduced the risk of Vit D deficiency (OR=0.094, P=0.014), while a history of fracture increased the risk of Vit D deficiency (OR=5.750, P=0.015). Female patients with KOA are susceptible to Vit D deficiency, with Vit D levels influenced by imaging grading, osteoporosis status, and fracture history. Regular monitoring and supplementation of Vit D in female KOA patients may delay the progression of the disease.