Adolescent electronic cigarette use is a significant public health concern due to its potential for negative health effects and prevalence among youth. The primary aim of the current study is to examine the moderation effect of perceived harm (i.e., low versus high) on the relation between passive and active social media use and past 30-day adolescent e-cigarette use. We hypothesized that the relation between type of social media use and e-cigarette use would be contingent on the level of perceived harm. This study was conducted via secondary data analysis with the public use files from the 2023 National Youth Tobacco Survey that provides a nationally representative sample (N = 22,069) of youth in the United States. The primary analysis consisted of logistic regression that accounted for complex survey sampling and missing data; primarily testing for a moderation effect. We found a significant omnibus interaction, F(2,37) = 3.83, p = 0.0307, confirming that high versus low perceived harm moderated the relationship between social media use type and past 30-day e-cigarette use. The difference in probabilities between levels of perceived harm for using e-cigarettes was significantly larger for those reporting high active social media use (i.e., Pr = 0.214) compared to those reporting passive social media use (i.e., Pr = 0.084). We found that high versus low perceived harm moderated the relationship between passive and active engagement with e-cigarette-related social media content and past 30-day e-cigarette use for a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the U.S. Based on these findings, prevention strategies targeting adolescent e-cigarette use may be enhanced through tailoring educational messaging that focus on the potential effects of exposure to e-cigarette related social media content in conjunction with the known effects of using e-cigarettes on one's health. Examining the moderating effects of variables provides a greater understanding of the ways multiple factors interplay and influence adolescent e-cigarette use. The results of the current study demonstrated that differences between perceived levels of harm occurred at each category of social media use, while these differences were most pronounced between the passive use and the high active use social media categories. Prevention strategies targeting adolescent e-cigarette use may be enhanced through tailoring educational messaging and teaching strategies that focus on the potential effects of exposure to e-cigarette related social media content in conjunction with the known biological effects of using e-cigarettes on one's health.
Mass violence incidents (MVIs) occur at alarming rates in the US. MVIs have immense impact on direct survivors and broader communities; less is known about worry or avoidance behaviors related to concerns about future MVIs. To examine the association between media consumption and worry and avoidance behaviors related to concerns about future MVIs in individuals living in communities that experienced an MVI. In this cross-sectional study, a survey was completed from February 1 to September 31, 2020, by a household probability sample of adults from 6 communities that experienced an MVI from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Participants were not present at the MVI but reported consuming MVI-related media coverage within 1 month of the event. Address-based sampling was used. Of 6867 participants who accessed the survey, 87.2% completed the survey, 6.5% were ineligible, and 6.3% did not finish the survey. Data analysis was performed from December 2024 to May 2025. The following outcomes were assessed via the self-report survey: (1) worry about future MVIs and (2) avoidance of public places or large crowds because of such worries. A total of 5141 participants (mean [SD] age, 46.2 [17.5] years; unweighted number [weighted percentage]: 3581 [54.2%] female) completed the survey; an unweighted number (weighted percentage) of 3383 (65.5%) reported worrying about future MVIs and 1447 (28.5%) reported avoiding public places due to MVI-related concerns. In weighted multilevel logistic models, greater media consumption was associated with higher odds of worrying about future MVIs (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.31-1.46) and avoidance of public places (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.26-1.40). Media source moderated the association between media consumption and worry but not the association between media consumption and avoidance. Exposure to potentially traumatic events moderated neither association. In this cross-sectional study of adults from communities impacted by MVIs, many respondents reported avoiding public places due to concerns of future MVIs, and most reported worrying about future attacks; amount of media consumption was associated with greater risk of these outcomes. These findings can inform the dissemination of information on MVIs and education on consumption of media information; such efforts may mitigate the development of psychological disorders in adults from these communities.
Alcohol-related content in media is overwhelmingly presented positively, and exposure to this content is linked to adolescent drinking. Yet, less is known about how often adolescents encounter alcohol content via media, how exposure varies across platforms, and how adolescents typically engage with such content. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to collect detailed, real-time data about alcohol-related content encountered across a variety of digital media sources. High school students recruited through social media (N = 302; mean age = 16.2; 63.9% female sex) completed three 21-day EMA bursts spaced 4 months apart. Participants reported alcohol-related content encountered via scheduled and self-initiated smartphone surveys, yielding 55,352 total reports, including 8792 with alcohol content. We fit multilevel models to evaluate momentary associations between exposure to alcohol content and cognitive outcomes (personal attitudes, perceived peer norms, beliefs that content promotes alcohol use). Nearly all participants (99.3%) reported exposure to alcohol-related content during the monitoring period. The most common sources were Instagram (32.4% of alcohol reports), TikTok (18.1%), and YouTube (7.8%). About one-third of exposures originated from influencers; nearly half of YouTube and Instagram exposures involved industry sources. In-depth engagement (e.g., commenting) with content was rare, although engagement requiring minimal effort ("liking") was endorsed for 25.6% of content reports. Encountering alcohol content on Instagram and Snapchat was associated with personal disapproval of the content; there were few associations with perceived peer norms. Engagement significantly predicted more cognitions favoring alcohol. Adolescents frequently encounter alcohol content across diverse platforms, often from influencers and industry. Much of the content was believed to promote alcohol use. Although behavioral engagement was limited, exposure was linked to attitudes toward content encountered on some platforms. Greater understanding of components and contexts to be targeted for just-in-time interventions delivered in proximity to in vivo exposures can reduce risk for early alcohol engagement.
Objective: Physicians inevitably face illness; yet, occupying the role of patient poses distinct psychological and professional challenges. To elucidate the unique challenges and strengths physicians may experience as patients, this study examines how popular media portrays physicians, highlighting common themes and their implications for clinical practice and medical education. Methods: Literature was reviewed on the unique experiences of physicians in the role of patient. Searches were conducted on Google and ChatGPT using the terms movies + physician as patients, television + physician as patients, and popular media + physician as patients. Additional examples were drawn from the authors' media knowledge base. Retrieved results were reviewed for depictions that exemplify the challenges and strengths unique to physician patients. Scenes from widely recognized films and television shows were discussed to illustrate key themes. Results: Six recurring themes emerged: (1) shame and loss of professional identity, (2) interference in one's own care through self-diagnosis, (3) fear of burdening colleagues, (4) difficulty relinquishing control, (5) curbside consultations with blurred boundaries, and (6) health literacy as a strength. These narratives reflect the physician health literature and offer resonant vignettes of the tensions physician patients face. Conclusion: Physicians who become patients balance vulnerability with unique strengths, yet their professional identity often complicates care. Clinicians should anticipate these dynamics, set clear boundaries, and normalize help-seeking to ensure safe and dignified treatment. Media-based narratives can serve as powerful teaching tools, fostering empathy and preparing clinicians to navigate the complexities of caring for or assuming the role of physician patients. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(3):26m04196. Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.
Social media increasingly shapes body image by promoting often unattainable beauty ideals. Concurrently, targeted online marketing of image- and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs) exploits these vulnerabilities, intensifying anxiety and fostering maladaptive behaviours such as problematic usage of the internet (PUI), compulsive exercise, and IPEDs consumption. This study explores these behaviours across nine countries and examines how PUI, excessive exercise, and IPEDs use predict appearance anxiety, aiming to inform targeted prevention strategies for at-risk populations. A total of 3,514 participants from nine countries completed a web-based survey assessing sociodemographic data, appearance anxiety (AAI), problematic internet use (PIUQ-9), excessive exercise (EAI-R), and IPEDs intake. Appearance-related anxiety was observed in 12% of the participants, with the highest prevalence in Mexico (20.7%), Japan (13.8%) and Italy (13.6%). Median PUI scores were highest in Mexico (22.57) and Singapore (21.59). Excessive exercise was reported by 3.6% with no significant country differences. IPEDs use was reported by 28.3% of the sample, with the highest rates in Japan (60.6%). Logistic regression analyses revealed that PUI, excessive exercise and IPEDs use were significant predictors of appearance-related anxiety. The strong associations between PUI, excessive exercise, IPEDs use, and appearance anxiety underscore the complex interplay between online exposure, body image concerns and mental health. Cross-country differences suggest that socio-cultural factors influence appearance-related anxiety. These findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive interventions and policy measures that address the impact of digital media on body image, particularly to protect vulnerable populations.
Residual solids retained in the sand bed after backwashing are commonly used to assess the cleaning efficiency of pressurized sand filters employed in irrigation systems. However, procedures originally proposed for slow sand filters are not fully suitable for pressurized filters because these systems differ in operating conditions and bed configuration. In this study, an adapted procedure was developed to determine residual total suspended solids (TSSf) retained in pressurized sand filter media after backwashing. The method involves collecting the upper 0-100 mm layer of the sand bed, followed by drying, homogenization, controlled subsampling, sequential washing cycles under rotational agitation, and determination of suspended solids by vacuum filtration with 0.45 μm glass microfiber filters. Method validation included analysis of grain-size representativeness and reproducibility. The grain-size distribution curves obtained from different subsample masses showed Pearson correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 (p < 0.01), while coefficients of variation for TSSf determination remained below 20% for all evaluated samples. The procedure allows direct evaluation of residual solids retained in pressurized sand filters after backwashing and may be useful for comparing backwashing conditions and assessing filter cleaning performance in irrigation systems. The main features and applications of this method are as follows:•Quantification of residual solids retained in pressurized sand filter media after backwashing.•Representative sand subsampling and extraction of retained solids using sequential washing cycles.•Evaluation of backwashing performance in irrigation sand filters.
To characterize how non-interventional radiology (IR) medical providers discuss IR procedures on X.com (formerly Twitter, Inc; San Francisco, CA), including awareness, referral intent, engagement, and misinformation. This retrospective infodemiology study evaluated public English-language X posts from January 1, 2024, through December 31, 2025. Long-form queries were used to identify posts related to uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), prostatic artery embolization (PAE), Y90 radioembolization (Y90), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), gastric artery embolization (GAE), tumor ablation, and related procedures. After de-duplication and exclusion of reposts without commentary, IR-authored posts, and likely marketing or spam accounts, the final primary corpus comprised approximately 5,220 posts. Posts were coded for sentiment, awareness level, and thematic content. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests for categorical comparisons, Kruskal-Wallis tests for nonparametric continuous comparisons, Mann-Kendall trend tests for directional volume analysis, and Wilson's method for confidence interval estimation of referral-intent prevalence. Discussion volume increased over the study period, although quarterly trend testing did not reach conventional statistical significance (tau = 0.43; P = .07). PAE and Y90/TACE produced the highest adjusted post volumes (approximately 4,387 and 4,458 posts, respectively), whereas UFE yielded a smaller but more procedure-specific corpus (approximately 466 posts). GAE demonstrated a high raw post volume (n = 13,853) but an estimated on-topic rate of only 12%, reflecting heavy contamination from non-medical acronyms; the adjusted on-topic estimate was approximately 1,662 posts. Urology and radiation oncology providers showed the clearest engagement with PAE-related content, including explicit referral-intent posts. Medical and surgical oncology accounts were active in Y90/TACE discussions, including research and access-barrier themes. No verified obstetrics and gynecology physician accounts were identified in the long-form UFE corpus. Referral-intent posts represented 8.1% of the primary corpus (95% confidence interval, 6.5%-9.8%; approximately 418 posts) and generated greater engagement than routine educational posts. Misinformation represented approximately 7% of posts by volume but achieved disproportionate reach. Awareness of IR procedures on social media was uneven and specialty-dependent, with misinformation achieving disproportionate reach. These findings support targeted outreach to referring specialties and proactive monitoring of promoted information on social media.
Identifying transdiagnostic psychological processes underlying both internalizing and behavioral conditions is a central goal in contemporary clinical psychology, yet no prior study to our knowledge has simultaneously examined multiple theoretically grounded transdiagnostic domains across these outcomes within a unified Bayesian RDoC-informed framework. The present study investigated the contribution of well-established transdiagnostic psychological processes (i.e., emotion regulation, dispositional self-regulation, psychological flexibility, mentalization, insecure attachment, and childhood maltreatment) to symptoms of anxiety, depression, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and problematic social media use (PSMU). A large community sample of adults (N = 1997) completed self-report measures. Bayesian model averaging was employed to identify the most relevant predictors of each outcome while accounting for model uncertainty. Across multivariate Bayesian models including all predictors, initiatory self-control was consistently identified as a relevant predictor and showed 95% Bayesian credibility intervals not including zero across all outcomes. Emotional abuse and anxious attachment were consistently identified as relevant predictors of anxiety, depression, and PSMU, whereas sexual abuse was selectively associated with depression and AUD. Among mentalization dimensions, certainty about mental states showed credible negative associations with anxiety and PSMU, whereas uncertainty showed credible positive associations with anxiety and depression. Psychological flexibility showed negative associations with anxiety and depression, but not with behavioral outcomes. These findings highlight initiatory self-control, i.e., the ability to initiate goal-directed behaviors, as a core transdiagnostic process, supporting process-based models of psychopathology. Our results support the use of integrated, standardized psychological assessments capturing core transdiagnostic and condition-specific dimensions to facilitate early identification of at-risk individuals.
To examine parents' reactions (e.g., likes, comments) to a social media campaign encouraging participation in universal school meals (USM) programs. Content analysis of parents' reactions to static Facebook posts (images with captions) posted as part of a parent-directed campaign promoting USM participation. Parents (n = 404) of children in grades 1-5 in states that offered USM during the 2024-2025 school year. Acceptance or rejection of campaign messages. We calculated descriptive statistics of parents' comments to characterize acceptance or rejection of campaign messages. Using thematic analysis, we inductively coded parents' comments to identify themes associated with acceptance or rejection of the campaign messages. Comments indicating acceptance (34%) largely focused on gratitude for the money-saving, convenience, and social benefits of USM. Comments indicating rejection (29%) primarily discussed beliefs that school meals were unhealthy and of poor quality, with some questioning the posts' credibility or seeking references or statistics to support the posts' claims. Campaigns promoting USM may wish to focus on money-saving, convenience, and social benefits of USM, and include references and statistics to boost the credibility of claims.
Monitoring dopamine in complex biological environments is essential for understanding neurological disorders, disease diagnosis, and it presents a unique chemical challenge. In this work, we rationally designed several single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based near-infrared fluorescent sensors for dopamine using ssDNA aptamers as selective molecular recognition elements. The performance of three dopamine-selective aptamer-SWCNT hybrids and (GT)10-SWCNT constructs were evaluated and compared for their magnitude of response, sensitivity, and selectivity to dopamine. We performed these studies in buffer, in complex media with noradrenaline and serotonin, and in synthetic cerebrospinal fluid. We evaluated sensor constructs alone, with heat + divalent cation addition, and with four different molecular passivation agents. Ultimately, sensors passivated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrated strong selectivity for dopamine compared to chemically similar molecules and increased the magnitude of response compared to (GT)10-SWCNT. Concentration-response curves in PBS, in a serotonin and noradrenaline solution, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) revealed dynamic ranges between 30 and 200 nM, and we found that the response occurs within five minutes. Together, these results demonstrate that dopamine aptamer-SWCNT sensors enable more selective and robust optical detection in complex biological environments compared to ssDNA-SWCNT with no inherent biological selectivity for dopamine.
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) remains a significant otologic condition in India, with possible intracranial and extracranial complications despite advances in therapy. Hence, this retrospective study evaluated 7,940 confirmed CSOM cases, identifying 92 (1.2%) with complications 69.6% intracranial and 47.8% extracranial, with 16 subjects presenting both types and a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The 21-30 year age group showed the highest involvement (32.6%), with meningitis (32.6%) and subdural abscess (15.2%) as the leading intracranial and mastoiditis (37%) as the most common extracranial complication. Although improved antibiotic and surgical interventions have reduced overall incidence, mortality and morbidity remain elevated due to delayed diagnosis and intervention. Hence, we report the contemporary burden and patterns of CSOM related complications in the Indian population and emphasizing timely management to prevent severe outcomes.
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Emergence of resistance to fidaxomicin is a threat to current treatment algorithms for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), but current surveillance methods are labor-intensive and expensive. We tested the hypothesis that C. difficile Brucella agar (CDBA) media supplemented with 1 µg/mL fidaxomicin (CDBA-F1) would provide a sensitive, selective, and cost-effective method to screen stool specimens for C. difficile isolates with reduced fidaxomicin susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration >2 µg/mL). Clinical stool specimens testing positive for C. difficile (N = 126) were plated on CDBA and CDBA-F1; C. difficile isolates recovered were tested for fidaxomicin susceptibility using agar dilution. The sensitivity of CDBA-F1 in comparison to CDBA was 100% for recovery of isolates with reduced fidaxomicin susceptibility (eight of eight detected). Breakthrough growth of stool microbiota was common, but most breakthrough organisms were easily distinguishable from C. difficile by colony morphology. Use of CDBA-F1 could provide a sensitive and selective media for detection of C. difficile isolates with reduced susceptibility while substantially reducing labor and supply costs.IMPORTANCEC. difficile isolates with reduced fidaxomicin susceptibility may emerge during CDI therapy and, in some cases, result in treatment failure. We report that supplementation of C. difficile selective media with fidaxomicin results in an effective, efficient, and reduced cost method to screen stool for isolates with reduced fidaxomicin susceptibility. Use of this approach could dramatically increase capacity to conduct surveillance for reduced fidaxomicin susceptibility in C. difficile.
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) remains a large, reactive, and under-managed fraction of stormwater nitrogen. We investigated how influent N:P stoichiometry and porous media chemistry jointly shape DON fate in a cascade upflow bioreactor packed with two specialty adsorbents, including BIPGEM (sand-clay-ZVI-perlite-biochar) and ZIPGEM (sand-clay-ZVI-perlite). Reactors received short pulses of nitrate alone (AC1) or nitrate plus phosphate simultaneously (AC2). Paired influent-effluent samples were analyzed using a 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Molecular formulas containing nitrogen (CHON formulas) were then classified as removed, produced, or retained. AC2 reprograms produced DON chemistry in a media-specific manner. BIPGEM shifted toward heavier, unsaturation rich products with lower inferred lability, whereas ZIPGEM shifted toward more oxidized, aliphatic products with higher inferred lability and preferential removal of unsaturated formulas. Bulk measurements showed moderate nitrate removal in both ZIPGEM and BIPGEM. However, phosphate removal was strongest in ZIPGEM under AC2, while BIPGEM released phosphate under AC1. These findings highlight influent N:P and media selection/ordering as levers to control nutrient removal and residual DON quality, with implications for downstream nitrogen cycling and stormwater treatment performance.
Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic inflammatory condition and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), yet underlying linking mechanisms remain unclear. The cytokine Oncostain M (OSM) is elevated in both PD and CVD and has emerged as a potential mediator linking oral inflammation to vascular dysfunction. Neutrophils represent a prominent source of OSM during PD and OSM production is elevated by the periodontal pathobiont Treponema denticola (Td). This study investigated the role of exogenous and neutrophil-derived OSM in endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and the contribution of heterogenous oral Treponema species in OSM production. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAoEC) were used to evaluate the effects of exogenous purified OSM and neutrophil-derived OSM on endothelial cell function. Endothelial permeability, neutrophil transmigration, cytokine production, cell activation and junctional integrity were assessed using transwell assays, ELISAs, real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Exogenous OSM significantly increased HAoEC permeability, neutrophil transmigration and promoted endothelial activation; characterized by increased E-selectin, ICAM-1 and IL-6 expression. Mechanistically, OSM activated OSMR-STAT3 signaling and altered organization of VE-cadherin in adherens junctions and decreased expression of occludin in tight-junctions. Heterogenous oral Treponema species promote OSM production from mouse and human neutrophils in vitro and in vivo using a mouse air pouch model of infection. T. denticola most robustly induced OSM release, likely independent of prominent virulence factors dentilisin and Msp. Co-culture model experiments revealed conditioned media from T. denticola -stimulated neutrophils promoted endothelial cell permeability and IL-6 while reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) production. These effects were abolished by antibody neutralization of OSM, supporting a casual role of neutrophil-derived OSM. Overall, these findings provide mechanistic insight into putative links between PD and adverse cardiovascular events and identify OSM signaling as critical mediator in inflammation-driven endothelial dysfunction.
Liver transplantation (LT) has achieved excellent short-term outcomes; however, long-term survival remains limited by cardiovascular disease, now a leading cause of late mortality in transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive therapy is a major contributor to this risk through both direct vascular toxicity and indirect metabolic effects. This review examines the clinical impact of immunosuppression-associated vascular remodeling and strategies to reduce cardiovascular complications after LT. Calcineurin inhibitors remain central to post-transplant immunosuppression but are strongly associated with hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, nephrotoxicity, and progressive vascular injury. Corticosteroids further increase cardiovascular risk by promoting insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, weight gain, and blood pressure elevation, supporting widespread adoption of steroid-sparing protocols. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors may limit vascular smooth muscle proliferation and intimal hyperplasia and are frequently used to facilitate calcineurin inhibitor minimization, though careful patient selection is required due to metabolic and thrombotic concerns. Antimetabolites are generally vascularly well tolerated and play a key role in combination regimens. Subclinical vascular injury can be detected using noninvasive measures such as pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, and flow-mediated dilation, enabling earlier identification of patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Host factors including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and pre-existing cardiovascular disease further modify outcomes and should guide individualized immunosuppressive planning. Prospective studies incorporating vascular endpoints are needed to refine immunosuppressive strategies and improve long-term outcomes after LT.
This study investigates the disturbance effects of H2O, H3O+, and OH- on CH4 adsorption-desorption and interfacial stability, which is of great scientific significance for optimizing material properties and revealing competitive adsorption and hydrogen-bond-mediated interfacial stress in coal pores. Using molecular simulations and experiments, we introduced these species into coal micro-nanopores to regulate the medium environment and surface charge and analyzed the hydrogen-bond network, CH4 adsorption and diffusion, and mechanical response of coal. The results show that H3O+ is more mobile than OH- in single systems, while the reverse occurs in mixed systems due to ion interference in hydrogen-bond networks. The H2O-dominated system shows a compact hydrogen-bond network and strong CH4 adsorption, followed by the mixed system, whereas H3O+- or OH--dominated systems present fragmented hydrogen bonds and weaker CH4 adsorption. Additionally, charge heterogeneity in mixed systems induces severe local structural damage in coal. HCl treatment damages coal mechanically, reducing micropore adsorption but enhancing macropore adsorption, while NaOH generates new micropores via alkali etching for gas storage. Consequently, the HCl system shows higher overall CH4 adsorption, but the NaOH system exhibits greater CH4 uptake in micropores, verifying that OH--dominated media favor higher CH4 adsorption and binding energy than H3O+-dominated ones. This work enables effective regulation of coal structure and gas adsorption performance, providing new approaches for clean and efficient coal utilization.
Developing all-visible light-activated diarylethene (DAE) molecular photoswitches hold great promise for high-resolution bioimaging and smart photoresponsive materials. Herein, we demonstrate that a bicomponent system comprising low-toxicity ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and carboxylated DAEs achieves all-visible light-activated photoswitching through a single-step triplet energy transfer (TET) in both organic and aqueous media. The photoswitching process exhibits reversible photoisomerization and fatigue resistance over multiple cycles under alternating 405 and 590 nm irradiation. The photocyclization quantum yield ( ∅ o → c ${\emptyset _{o\to c}}$ = 55%) of DAEs in our design represents a record-high efficiency of DAEs under visible light activation compared with previously reported QD-sensitized and organic-sensitized systems. The high yield stems from the enhanced quality and a large molar extinction coefficient of ZnSe/ZnS QDs and efficient TET from ZnSe/ZnS QDs to dynamically enchored DAEs. Importantly, a biocompatible photoswitching system was constructed through the self-assembly of amphiphilic 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol with the mixture of DAEs and ZnSe/ZnS QDs, enabling efficient and reversible photoisomerization of DAEs under all-visible light irradiation in aqueous media. Our strategy not only paves the way for advancing the development of all-visible light-activated optoelectronic devices but also creates new opportunities in further biological applications.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is an important gut commensal bacterial strain that has been extensively studied in both industrial and health settings. Despite its long history of study, a high-quality genome-scale metabolic network model (GEM) for LGG has yet to be reconstructed. Only automatically-generated draft models have been published, which have notoriously limited functional accuracy. Furthermore, comprehensive nutrient requirements have not been established for well-controlled in vitro study. Here we present the first curated GEM for LGG using a new approach for reconstruction and validation that leverages multiple automatically-generated draft models, applied study literature, and high-throughput defined media experiments. In addition, our results include a series of chemically defined media, extensive single-component nutrient dropout growth data, insights from in silico and in vitro experiments into major secretion products lactate and indole-3-carboxaldehyde, a minimal medium and in silico characterization of LGG's nutrient requirements. Our approach for developing interdisciplinary research tools for LGG metabolism comprises a new framework that could be applied to many understudied microorganisms, particularly useful in studying bacteria within the human microbiome.
With the increasing global utilization of nuclear energy, the accumulation of uranium-containing wastewater has become a critical environmental concern, which has consequently led to significant attention being attracted to the development of high-performance adsorbents for efficient uranium separation. Herein, a phosphorylated biosorbent, P-gelatin/G2.0, was developed by integrating phosphorylated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (G2.0) with eco‑friendly gelatin via a spider‑web‑inspired strategy that mimics the hierarchical web architecture of spider webs, coupled with Schiff base crosslinking, yielding effective uranium capture from aqueous media. The biosorbent exhibited exceptional uranium adsorption performance, reaching a maximum capacity of 1103.20 mg·g-1 at pH 6.0, as evidenced by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic investigations indicated a spontaneous adsorption mechanism. XPS spectra revealed that phosphate groups played a dominant role in U(VI) coordination, synergistically interacting with amino and hydroxyl groups. The P-gelatin/G2.0 biosorbent demonstrated outstanding selectivity in multi-ion systems and maintains 84.94% adsorption efficiency after five regeneration cycles, revealing its robust reusability. The DFT study confirms that the phosphorylation introduces phosphate groups which dominate the uranyl ion coordination, thereby elucidating the fundamental adsorption mechanism. This study displays the potential of P-gelatin/G2.0 as a sustainable, high-capacity material for uranium recovery in nuclear wastewater treatment and environmental remediation applications.