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Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID) characterizes and objectively quantifies characteristics of voice quality. The findings of CSID's impact in determining dysphonia characteristics in different languages, however, are unclear but important if this tool is to be used cross-linguistically. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the validity of CSID in Persian speakers. Persian-speaking participants were assigned to two groups: patients with voice disorders (n = 102) and vocally healthy speakers (n = 38). They produced a sustained vowel /&#x251;/ and a Persian connected speech sample representing a sentence with a majority of voiced sounds. Three speech-language pathologists conducted auditory-perceptual ratings on a 4-point ordinal scale (vocally healthy, mild, moderate, or severe). Acoustic analysis was conducted using the Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice software. CSID values in addition to cepstral peak prominence (CPP), CPP standard deviation, low-to-high (L/H) spectral ratio, and L/H spectral ratio standard deviation were extracted from (a) a 1-s segment of the middle part of the sustained vowel, (b) the onset to offset of the connected speech sample, and (c) the same sentence further trimmed to contain only voiced parts by omitting voiceless sections. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the three tasks were as follows: sustained vowel, AUC = 0.978; connected speech sentence, AUC = 0.961; and all-voiced connected speech sentence, AUC = 0.957. The cutoff points of 4.88 (a sensitivity of 92.2% and a specificity of 94.7%), -4.14 (a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 92.1%), and 6.76 (a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 97.4%) yielded the highest level of diagnostic findings for CSID in sustained vowel, connected speech sentence, and all-voiced connected speech sentence, respectively. In addition, significant and strong correlations were found between the CSID values and dysphonia category in the sustained vowel (r = .815, p < .001), connected speech sentence (r = .841, p < .001), and all-voiced connected speech sentence (r = .833, p < .001). The findings of this study showed that CSID is a valid acoustics-based index with the potential to assist clinicians in achieving a more complete characterization and quantification of dysphonia in Persian-speaking clients during voice assessments.

Anxiety disorders, including phobias, are a growing public health concern, profoundly affecting quality of life. While existing research utilizes text-based and physiological data for detection, a multimodal, ecologically valid understanding of how anxiety is expressed and regulated in natural social contexts remains limited. Social media offers a unique setting for studying spontaneous emotional disclosure and collective coping mechanisms. A text-mining study was conducted on 28,349 social media comments related to phobia/anxiety from three Chinese platforms (XiaoHongShu, Zhihu, and Weibo) using convenience sampling of publicly available posts up to November 1, 2025. Social media comments related to phobia discussions were collected and analysed using the Dalian University of Technology Chinese Sentiment Vocabulary Ontology lexicon-based methods. Demographic variables were analysed using Independent Samples t-test and One-way ANOVA. The most frequent emotion categories were happiness (31.6%) and surprise (15.3%), followed by fear (18.4%), sadness (14.7%), anger (12.1%), and disgust (7.9%). Gender differences based on complete-case analysis (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;12,845) showed that female users expressed significantly more happiness- and sadness-related language than male users (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.005 and p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.034, respectively). The sentiment classifier achieved moderate performance (F1&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.72). The emotional discourse surrounding phobia on Chinese social media reflects co-occurring linguistic patterns of fear alongside happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, and low-frequency disgust, rather than fear amplification alone. These findings suggest that online communication may shape how anxiety-related emotions are collectively expressed and interpreted, although causal inferences cannot be drawn from cross-sectional text data. This study addressed the limited understanding of anxiety-related emotional expression on Chinese social media. The findings showed that anxiety discourse involved not only fear, but also supportive, empathetic, and coping-oriented emotions. These results may help nurses and mental health professionals better understand digital emotional communication, improve psychosocial support, and inform AI-assisted emotional monitoring and online mental health interventions. This study was reported in accordance with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Statement for cross-sectional observational studies. No patients or members of the public were directly involved in the design, conduct, analysis, or manuscript preparation of this study. The research was based on secondary analysis of publicly available and anonymized social media data.

Dyslexia is a lifelong developmental condition affecting reading, with a prevalence of approximately 5% in adulthood. A small group can partially compensate for reading difficulties and achieve effective reading skills. This study explores the characteristics of this group, comparing cognitive and reading variables with typical readers and non-compensated readers with dyslexia. The study included 101 adults: 30 without dyslexia, 21 with compensated dyslexia and 50 with non-compensated dyslexia. Cognitive and linguistic tests assessed non-verbal intelligence, working memory, phonological awareness, naming speed, verbal fluency, vocabulary, reading comprehension, lexical decision, reading frequent words, infrequent words, pseudowords, simple text and technical text. Results showed that the compensated group performed similarly to the control group in semantic verbal fluency, vocabulary and word recognition accuracy. Significant differences emerged between controls, compensated and non-compensated groups in phonological awareness, low-frequency word reading and technical text reading. Semantic verbal fluency and phonological awareness strongly determined membership in the non-compensated group. Speed performance on phonological tasks predicted speed reading in the compensated group for tasks involving the phonological reading route. Individuals with compensated dyslexia appear to have partially compensated for phonological processing difficulties. Their better performance in demanding phonological awareness tasks differentiates them from the non-compensated group.

Sj&#xf6;gren syndrome (SS), traditionally regarded as a sicca-predominant condition, is now recognized as a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by type I interferon activation, B-cell hyperactivity, and periepithelial lymphocytic infiltration. This conceptual shift has prompted changes in terminology, with "SS" increasingly replaced by "Sj&#xf6;gren disease (SjD)" and "secondary SS" by "associated SjD," reflecting the concept of polyautoimmunity and ensuring equal clinical standing. In this review, we trace the historical evolution of SS classification criteria and examine their limitations in real-world clinical practice. Current classification criteria employ a weighted scoring system incorporating objective measures, including anti-Ro antibodies, salivary gland histopathology, and exocrine function tests. However, their diagnostic application in routine care is constrained by spectrum bias, clinical heterogeneity, the presence of mimickers, and shared clinical features with other autoimmune diseases. Over-reliance on serological markers, driven by their accessibility, may further contribute to misdiagnosis. We highlight that accurate diagnosis requires flexible clinical reasoning and contextual interpretation beyond rigid adherence to classification criteria. Individualized diagnostic strategies should integrate demographics, laboratory findings, salivary ultrasonography, and histopathology. Practical challenges in diagnosing and evaluating disease activity in associated SjD are also discussed.

Morphological knowledge (MK), or awareness of word structure and morphemic relationships, is a critical component of literacy for students who are D/HH. However, it has been explored to a lesser extent than other literacy components, such as phonological awareness and vocabulary. This case study examined the responsiveness of an 11-year-old bilingual student who is deaf to a computer-delivered supplemental morphology intervention, the Morphological Analysis Pathway to Reading (MAP-R). Over 22 weeks, the student completed 22 online modules targeting derivational affixes and root-word relationships using explicit, multimodal instruction. Pre- and post-test comparisons of embedded proximal MK tasks and the standardized Morphological Awareness Test for Reading and Spelling (MATRS) (Apel et al., 2021) were used to evaluate outcomes. The participant demonstrated gains in affix identification, suffix spelling, and word transformation tasks, suggesting growth in morphological analysis skills throughout the academic year. The findings provide preliminary support for the feasibility and potential promise of computer-based morphology instruction for students who are D/HH. This study extends existing research by documenting responsiveness to a self-paced, technology-mediated format that may reduce instructional burden and increase accessibility. The implications for future controlled studies and for integrating MK instruction within speech-language and educational interventions are discussed.

Acquired neurogenic communication disorders such as aphasia are associated with sentence production and comprehension difficulties. However, sentence-level treatments for aphasia do not consistently yield generalized gains across modalities, from production to comprehension or vice versa. This limits the effectiveness of current aphasia treatments. In this study, we present structural priming, the phenomenon where repeated grammatical structures are used more frequently and are easier to process, as a potentially effective treatment for sentence-level deficits in aphasia, and one which may achieve generalization from production to comprehension. Further, we assessed whether lexical overlap between prime and target sentences (lexical boost) affected the strength of cross-modality generalization. 24 people with aphasia (PWA) and 16 age-matched controls completed a structural priming sentence production treatment. Their comprehension of trained structures (passives and double-object datives) was tested with a sentence-picture matching task before and after training to assess cross-modality generalization effects. Eye movements were recorded during the comprehension task using webcams. Response times and fixation times to the target picture were facilitated from pre- to post-training, although comprehension accuracy remained stable. While controls were more facilitated by same-verb priming, PWA benefited more from different-verb priming. Improvements in sentence production during training were related to the strength of improvements on the comprehension task across groups. These results suggest that structural priming has the potential to achieve cross-modality transfer of treatment gains and different-verb priming may be more effective in aphasia than same-verb priming. What is already known on the subject Acquired neurogenic communication disorders such as aphasia are associated with sentence production and comprehension impairments. However, sentence-level treatments for aphasia do not consistently yield generalized gains across modalities, from production to comprehension or vice versa. This severely limits the effectiveness of current treatments. What this study adds to existing knowledge In this study, we present structural priming, the phenomenon where repeated grammatical structures are used more frequently and are easier to process after exposure, as an effective treatment for sentence-level deficits in aphasia, and one which achieves reliable generalization from production to comprehension. Further, we assessed whether lexical overlap between prime and target sentences (lexical boost) affected the strength of cross-modality generalization. Eye movements were tracked using webcams, which offers a novel and accessible method of online data collection for communication disorders. What are the clinical implications of this study? Our results make the case for structural priming as a reliable treatment component for sentence production and comprehension in aphasia, which achieves cross-modality transfer of treatment gains. Eye movements were reliably recorded through webcams.

The rapid digitization of healthcare has positioned transformer-based natural language processing (NLP) models as powerful tools for managing clinical textual data. However, their integration into practice raises unresolved questions regarding equity and inclusivity OBJECTIVE: This scoping review examines how equity is addressed in transformer-based clinical NLP, with a focus on algorithmic equity, data diversity and representativeness, and participatory design. A scoping review was conducted, synthesizing 56 studies published between 2017 and 2024. Guided by an intersectionality approach and the Digital Health Equity framework, studies were analyzed to assess how equity-related considerations are operationalized in transformer-based clinical NLP research. Most equity audits were post hoc and fragmented, with limited influence on model development. Persistent underrepresentation of linguistic, demographic, and clinical subgroups was identified, giving rise to what we define as Data Diversity Debt. Participatory design was observed in 11% of studies, indicating limited stakeholder inclusion beyond clinicians. Fairness metrics were inconsistently defined, limiting comparability and accountability across studies. These findings highlight the need to move beyond descriptive equity audits toward equity-by-design approaches. We translate the synthesized evidence into an equity-by-design roadmap that embeds fairness, inclusivity, and accountability across the full lifecycle of healthcare NLP systems. We argue that equity must shift from reactive evaluation to proactive design, incorporating participatory governance, fairness-aware training objectives, and continuous monitoring to address Data Diversity Debt and reduce the risk of reproducing health disparities.

The naming of HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs)-descendent viruses from the same intersubtype recombination events, is along with the designation of 'subtypes' and 'groups', routinely used to track HIV-1 diversity. However, we argue that continuing to designate all detected CRFs as distinct entities is biologically unjustified, as many represent recombinants of limited epidemiological significance. Indeed, the mechanistic underpinning of HIV-1 recombination highlights the arbitrary nature of naming these incidental recombinants, the majority of which are rarely detected again. This underlines the need to prioritise taxonomically meaningful clades, with a focus on biological significance such as emergence events associated with significant epidemiological spread, phenotypic properties or transmission advantage.

Linguistic uncertainty is an inherent feature of advanced English learning, particularly in academic contexts that require interpretation, critical analysis, and open-ended discourse. Although prior research has linked language-related uncertainty to negative academic experiences, less is known about the psychological mechanisms through which such uncertainty may be associated with students' academic well-being over time. This study examined a three-wave time-lagged mediation model among English major students enrolled in undergraduate, master's, and doctoral programs at multiple public universities across four regions of China. Data were collected within a single academic semester (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;2,554 matched participants). Linguistic uncertainty was assessed at Time 1, tolerance of ambiguity and cognitive flexibility at Time 2, and academic well-being at Time 3. Structural equation modeling was used to test a parallel mediation model, controlling for age and gender. Indirect effects were evaluated using bias-corrected bootstrapping, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess robustness. Linguistic uncertainty at Time 1 showed a significant prospective association with academic well-being at Time 3. It was also negatively associated with tolerance of ambiguity and cognitive flexibility at Time 2, both of which were positively associated with later academic well-being. Indirect effects through tolerance of ambiguity (&#x3b2; = -0.084) and cognitive flexibility (&#x3b2; = -0.095) were significant, indicating partial mediation, with the pathway through cognitive flexibility being slightly stronger in magnitude. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings to alternative model specifications, potential unmeasured confounding, and sample attrition. The findings suggest that linguistic uncertainty is linked to academic well-being over time, partly through its associations with students' tolerance of ambiguity and cognitive flexibility. By incorporating temporal separation among constructs, this study extends prior cross-sectional research and underscores the relevance of adaptive psychological resources in linguistically demanding academic environments. The results should be interpreted as time-ordered associations rather than causal effects.

Thinking about things as instances of kinds and thinking about kinds are fundamental aspects of cognition. Current theories of conceptual representation specify the qualitative character of a kind via a definition, a prototype, exemplars, shared causal-explanatory structure, or the kind's inferential role in a broader theory, but they do not represent the quantitative dimension of kind representations. Four experiments investigated two characteristics of the quantitative dimension of kind and instance-of-kind representations. Experiments 1 and 2 found evidence that we understand kinds to be constituted of an unlimited number of instances of that kind. Experiments 3 and 4 provided evidence that whereas two instances of a given kind may be distinguished merely numerically, two kinds must also be qualitatively distinct. These, and other characteristics of the quantitative dimension of kind concepts must be accommodated by any viable theory of kind concepts.

Falls remain a major patient safety concern among hospitalized older adults, particularly as previously independent individuals become acutely vulnerable during admission. Although falls prevention strategies are widely used, their implementation is often insufficiently patient-centered and may not reflect the cultural, linguistic, and organizational realities of healthcare settings in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study explored fall risk and prevention from the perspectives of hospitalized older adults, frontline healthcare professionals, and nurse managers in the UAE. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted across two acute care hospitals in the UAE. Using purposive sampling, data were collected in two phases: semi-structured interviews with hospitalized older adults aged &#x2265;65 years (n=8); focus group discussions with nurses and allied health professionals (n=12); and nurse managers (n=15). Data was analyzed thematically, and triangulation was used to identify converging patterns across stakeholder groups. Four themes were identified: (1) autonomy versus safety, (2) gaps in patient education and engagement, (3) system and environmental barriers, and (4) opportunities for innovation and patient-centered solutions. Patients often prioritized independence despite clinical vulnerability, while staff highlighted limitations in education, delayed responses to call bells, environmental hazards, and the reduced sensitivity of current risk assessment processes to dynamic clinical change. Participants across groups emphasized the need for culturally responsive education, clearer communication, and more integrated system-level approaches. Fall risk in hospitalized older adults is shaped by the interaction of patient behavior, communication practices, environmental conditions, and organizational responsiveness. This study contributes context-specific evidence from the UAE, showing that falls prevention should move beyond standardized risk scoring toward patient-centered, culturally responsive, and system-integrated strategies. Future research should examine whether addressing these barriers improves measurable outcomes such as fall rates, reassessment compliance, and response times.

Visual perception is a complex cognitive process that allows humans to extract meaningful information from their environment. Phototexts, artistic and literary compositions that integrate photographic and textual elements, offer a multimodal experience that requires readers to navigate between visual and linguistic modes of interpretation. This study investigates, in na&#xef;ve participants, the influence of spatial layout configuration, emotional content, enjoyment, and attentional focus on the visual exploration of phototexts. Using eye-tracking technology, we examined participants' gaze patterns, focusing on metrics such as first fixation latency and fixation distribution across areas of interest (AOIs). Additionally, we explored the presence of left-gaze bias in text-photo stimuli systematically counterbalanced to mitigate positional effects. Our findings reveal key aspects of oculomotor behavior, as well as explicit preferences and judgments regarding phototext perception. Eye-tracking data indicated a natural reading bias, with shorter fixation latencies for text regardless of position, alongside a left-gaze bias that emerged specifically for photographs. Interestingly, attention patterns evolved dynamically over time, with an initial focus on text shifting toward the photographic component as viewing progressed. By analyzing phototexts as complex multimodal stimuli, this study provides novel insights into their synergistic effects on attention distribution and perceptual engagement.

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health concerns among college students worldwide, yet traditional assessment methods relying on self-report questionnaires are time-consuming, susceptible to response bias, and difficult to scale. Social media platforms, which students use extensively, generate rich behavioral and linguistic data that may reflect underlying psychological states. This study investigates whether passively collected social media footprints are associated with anxiety scores among college students and may support the prediction of anxiety-related patterns. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 3,211 students across 11 universities in four provinces of China using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), yielding 2,368 valid responses (&#x3b1;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.918, KMO&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.838). With informed consent, we collected 83,968 Weibo posts from participants' public social media accounts. After rigorous preprocessing, 56,060 posts from 1,316 users were retained. We extracted multi-dimensional features spanning linguistic, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and temporal dimensions. Four machine learning models-Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and SVR-were trained and compared. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values were used for model interpretation. The Random Forest model achieved the best predictive performance on the test set (R&#xb2; = 0.77, RMSE&#x2009;=&#x2009;13.41, MAPE&#x2009;=&#x2009;25.94%, MSLE&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.087). SHAP-based interpretation identified grade level, professionalism, emotional expression, risk-related language, curiosity index, emotional tone, and word count as major features contributing to the model. These features align with established psychological dimensions of anxiety symptomatology, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral indicators. Public social-media signals were associated with SAS anxiety scores in this consenting, active Weibo-user sample and supported cross-sectional score prediction within the study context. The proposed pipeline offers a transparent, reproducible, and privacy-conscious approach to estimate cross-sectional anxiety-related patterns from publicly available social media data. These findings demonstrate the potential for integrating computational approaches with psychological assessment for research on anxiety-related behaviors and digital phenotyping among college students.

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been integrated into dental practice to support clinical reasoning and preventive decision-making. This study compared the performance of five advanced chatbots-ChatGPT-5, Claude 4.5 Sonnet, Gemini 2.5 Pro, LLaMA 3.1, and Mistral 7B-in providing evidence-based responses for caries risk assessment and preventive management in pediatric cases. Twenty-five validated, case-based questions were developed in accordance with internationally recognized pediatric and preventive dentistry guidelines. Responses were evaluated by six pediatric dentistry experts for accuracy, completeness, relevance, clarity, and usefulness using Likert-type scales. Response time, word count, and linguistic readability characteristics (Flesch Reading Ease Score and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level) were additionally analyzed to compare textual complexity across chatbot-generated responses. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test; parametric tests (ANOVA with Bonferroni correction) or non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc) were applied as appropriate. Statistically significant differences were observed across all qualitative criteria, including accuracy, completeness, relevance, clarity, and usefulness (p < 0.001). ChatGPT-5 consistently ranked among the top-performing models, showing balanced and high-quality responses across domains, while Claude 4.5 Sonnet achieved the highest accuracy and completeness scores. Gemini 2.5 Pro produced the fastest responses (p < 0.001), whereas Claude 4.5 Sonnet generated the longest and most linguistically complex outputs. Readability metrics also differed significantly among models (p < 0.001), with Mistral 7B and LLaMA 3.1 showing the highest readability. All evaluated chatbots generated generally relevant responses for caries risk assessment and preventive counseling; however, substantial inter-model differences were observed in qualitative performance, linguistic complexity, and response characteristics. Occasional inconsistencies and outdated content highlight the need for cautious interpretation and further externally validated evaluation before broader clinical implementation.

This study investigated whether spontaneous level-2 perspective taking would emerge in 8-year-old Balinese children and whether it would be similarly modulated by the social group membership of the social partner as reported in previous studies conducted in Western countries. Children (N&#xa0;=&#xa0;49) participated in a number verification task with a partner in which they had to make simple judgments about numbers displayed on a screen that either appeared the same or different from the perspective of the other person. Conditions varied in terms of the social group membership of the partner. Some children performed the task with a linguistic in-group adult (In-group condition), while others were paired with an adult that spoke Indonesian with an accent (Out-group condition). In the Peer-Baseline condition, children were partnered with a peer. The results indicate that Balinese children spontaneously represent the level-2 perspectives of others; however, this process appears to be suspended when interacting with adult partners. These findings support the universality of such cognitive mechanisms, while simultaneously highlighting cultural differences in their application.

Pragmatic violations are known to elicit reliable N400 modulations in event related potentials of electroencephalographic recordings. While this effect has been extensively documented in linguistic contexts, evidence from political discourse remains limited. To address this gap, the present study investigated neural responses to socio-pragmatic coherence in politically framed statements. Participants read political utterances containing critical target words that were either coherent or incoherent with a preceding description of the producer. To examine whether pragmatic processing could be altered by typographic cues, target words were presented either unmarked or enclosed in quotation marks. Consistent with prior findings, pragmatically incoherent target words elicited a larger negative deflection peaking around 400 ms post-onset than coherent words. Notably, this pattern was reversed when target words were presented in quotation marks. We interpret this reversal as evidence that quotation marks signal a rejection or distancing from a word's conventional meaning, thereby altering contextual integration demands. While rejecting the meaning of incoherent terms (e.g., "climate terrorists") may facilitate integration when aligned with the speaker's stance, rejecting the meaning of coherent terms (e.g., "climate activists") appears to increase processing difficulty. These findings demonstrate that typographic cues can modulate socio-pragmatic interpretation in political language, with measurable neural consequences.

This study investigated whether inner speech reflects an embodied representation by examining whether prosodic features of spoken sentences, specifically tempo and pitch, affect motor behavior during typing. Across two experiments, participants listened to sentences varying in structure and emotional tone, silently repeated them, and then typed them. Acoustic features (tempo and pitch) were extracted from the spoken sentences. During typing, motor measures, including typing speed and key pressure, were recorded. We found that spoken word duration robustly predicted mean interkey interval (Experiment 1: &#x3b2; = 113.183, p < .001; Experiment 2: &#x3b2; = 95.857, p < .001). In practical terms, this corresponds to approximately an additional &#x223c;11 ms (Experiment 1) or &#x223c;10 ms (Experiment 2) in mean interkeystroke interval for every 0.1 s increase in spoken word duration. In the emotional manipulation, pitch predicted typing pressure (&#x3b2; = 0.586, p < .001). Overall, faster tempo was associated with shorter spoken words, and pressure covaried weakly with prosodic prominence in line with the auditory materials. These converging findings are consistent with the idea that covert speech simulations can preserve prosodic detail and that this detail can be expressed in typing dynamics; however, the present design is correlational and does not establish causality. In both experiments, typing speed was jointly predicted by speech tempo and sentence length. In emotionally intoned sentences, higher acoustic pitch was associated with increased typing pressure. The findings suggest that inner speech may preserve prosodic features of spoken language and that these features can covary with motor output during typing. The results are consistent with an embodied/grounded account in which covert speech engages sensorimotor systems, but the present paradigm does not isolate a causal role for inner speech. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Speech prosody richly encodes both linguistic and social meaning. However, the prosody-meaning mapping varies across contexts and talkers, contributing to the lack of invariance problem in speech perception. This article extends a recent line of work targeting the adaptivity of the human comprehension system, mapping variable input to linguistic meanings in a talker-sensitive manner. Specifically, we investigate the stability of adaptation: Once a listener adapts to the prosody of a particular talker, how long does the effect last? We conducted a large-scale (N = 424) adaptation experiment using a two-session paradigm in which listeners go through a pretest, exposure, posttest sequence in the first session, in which exposure and feedback disambiguate an ambiguous prosodic contour as a question or a statement in a between-participants manner. They were then invited back on the 2nd day after a delay of 3, 5, or 7 days to repeat the same sequence. The results provide novel evidence that adaptation is both rapid and stable. Listeners showed robust adaptation within the first few trials of exposure in the first session, and they maintained some adaptive shift even after a delay of up to 7 days. This finding extends the scientific knowledge about the longevity of adaptive shifts seen across levels of speech hierarchy. We discuss possible memory mechanisms that support the long-term maintenance of cross-talker adaptation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

The Mind Youth Questionnaire is a multidimensional health-related quality-of-life questionnaire designed for pediatric diabetes care and exists in Dutch, English, and Spanish. The aim of this study was to linguistically and psychometrically validate the Mind Youth Questionnaire (My-Q) for Swedish-speaking youths with type 1 diabetes. The linguistic process of the Dutch version followed ISPOR&#xb4;s guidelines. For face validity, youths with type 1 diabetes and diabetes nurses were interviewed. Three stigma items were included. The final Swedish My-Q consists of 38 items. A total of 166 youths (10-19 years) completed the My-Q and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory diabetes module. A 2nd -order confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the nine-factor Dutch and five-factor Spanish versions. The 2nd -order nine-factor solution (social impact, parents, diabetes control perceptions, responsibilities, worries, treatment satisfaction, body image and eating behavior, stigma, and mood) showed adequate fit: &#x3c7;2(551)&#x2009;=&#x2009;828.36 (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.01), Comparative Fit Index (CFI)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.90, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.05 [0.05,0.06], Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.08. The nine-factor solution and grouping of the items followed a clear rationale. The reliability coefficients of the total scale were adequate, &#x3b1;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.86, &#x3a9;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.90, and &#x3a9; for all the factors ranged from 0.49 to 0.88. The relationships between My-Q factors and sociodemographic variables revealed that boys had better health-related quality of life than girls. Younger youths reported better health-related quality of life in terms of body image and eating behavior (p=.005). Concurrent validity was confirmed, as all the factors were positively related to all the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory diabetes module factors. A negative correlation was found between the level of glycated hemoglobin and the My-Q score (r=-.258, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). The Swedish My-Q has adequate psychometric properties and can be used in research and for routine psychosocial assessment.