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Ubiquitin recognition factor in ER-associated degradation protein 1 (UFD1), a core component of the conserved AAA + ATPase complex, plays a crucial role in maintaining proteostasis through the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Goose astrovirus II (GAstV-II), the causative agent of gout in goslings, has posed a serious threat to the goose industry in China since 2020. In this study, the goose UFD1 gene was cloned for the first time, and its regulatory role during GAstV-II infection was investigated. We found that goose UFD1 exhibited the highest homology with its duck ortholog and that GAstV-II infection upregulated UFD1 protein expression in goose embryo fibroblasts (GEFs). Functionally, overexpression of UFD1 promoted GAstV-II replication in GEF cells, whereas knockdown UFD1 had the opposite effect. Further study demonstrated that UFD1 supported GAstV-II replication via inhibiting type I interferon (INF-I) production. In summary, these data identified UFD1 as a positive regulator of GAstV-II replication through suppressing IFN-I expression, providing new insights into the molecular interplay between GAstV-II and host cells.

As a precious indigenous goose resource in China, the Zhedong white goose occupies an essential position in the domestic goose industry. However, this breed spontaneously enters a prolonged non-laying period of over two months per year, which greatly limits egg production capacity and restricts the economic development of the goose industry. Herein, this study systematically compared serum physiological indices and serum and fecal metabolome, as well as fecal microbial communities, between laying and non-laying Zhedong white geese, aiming to reveal the key regulatory mechanisms underlying reproductive stage transition. Physiological analyses indicated that non-laying geese had higher serum levels of GnRH, PRL, APOA, and T-AOC, whereas the concentrations of LH, E2, TNF-α, IL-1, and calcium were significantly reduced; FSH, PROG, and BA levels showed no significant differences between the two groups. Metabolomic analysis identified 277 upregulated and 403 downregulated DAMs in feces, and 386 DAMs in serum. The shared enriched pathways across serum and fecal samples encompassed arginine biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, as well as steroid hormone biosynthesis. A total of 120 DAMs overlapped in two specimens, and the non-laying geese presented pronounced depletion of tryptophan-derived metabolites and steroid hormone-related metabolites. Metagenomic results showed no significant difference in gut microbial alpha diversity between groups, while their microbial community structures were clearly differentiated. A total of 774 upregulated and 854 downregulated microbial species were screened in non-laying geese, and these differential microbes were primarily enriched in pathways associated with reproductive hormone signaling, steroid biosynthesis and energy metabolism. Multi-omics correlation analysis verified close associations between differential microbes and reproductive-related metabolites. Certain probiotic strains, including Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus raffinolactis, were positively correlated with steroid hormones and tryptophan metabolites, and their abundances declined obviously in the non-laying stage. Collectively, this study elaborates the holistic changes in serum biochemistry, gut metabolome and microbiome in geese at different reproductive stages. The dysregulation of amino acid and steroid hormone metabolism, combined with the loss of beneficial intestinal microbes, jointly induces the non-laying phenotype. This study provides new perspectives for understanding the gut-reproductive axis and supplies promising biomarkers to improve the laying performance of geese.

Waterfowl circovirus (WFCV) is an important member of the genus Circovirus within the family Circoviridae, encompassing duck circovirus (DuCV) and goose circovirus (GoCV). As a pathogen that poses a serious threat to the global waterfowl industry, WFCV induces significant immunosuppression in its hosts, leading to growth retardation, feather abnormalities, and increased susceptibility to other pathogens. Consequently, it results in markedly elevated mortality rates among affected birds and causes substantial economic losses. In recent years, with the advancement of molecular biology techniques, notable progress has been made in research on waterfowl circoviruses. This review aims to systematically consolidate current findings on the genomic characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and clinical manifestations of WFCV while also summarizing the existing detection technologies and the status of vaccine development. Future research directions and prevention strategies are proposed, with the goal of providing a scientific reference for the effective control of this disease.

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) causes infectious serositis in poultry, leading to high mortality. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters participate in diverse biological processes, but the role of the ABC transporter YbiT in RA remains unclear. Using the goose-derived RA strain CL-1 as the wild-type strain, we constructed a ybiT deletion mutant to investigate its biological functions and pathogenicity. Deletion of ybiT significantly impaired the growth of RA in TSB. Growth assays using DIP (2,2'-Dipyridyl) and various metal ions suggested a potential role for YbiT in Fe²⁺ transport. The mutant also exhibited reduced survival under acidic stress and displayed an elongated cellular morphology. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 427 differentially expressed genes (180 upregulated and 247 downregulated) in the mutant, indicating extensive transcriptional reprogramming. Animal infection assays demonstrated that the ΔybiT mutant was highly attenuated. Specifically, the LD₅₀ of the wild-type strain was 3 × 104 CFU, whereas no mortality was observed in geese challenged with up to 3.1 × 107 CFU of the mutant. In addition, geese infected with the mutant exhibited reduced bacterial loads and milder pathological lesions. Notably, a single immunization with as few as 104 CFU of the mutant conferred robust protection against subsequent wild-type challenge in goslings. Collectively, these findings identify ybiT as an important virulence-associated gene and establish the ΔybiT mutant as a promising live attenuated vaccine candidate.

Poultry eggs are recognized as a rich source of essential nutrients for humans. To optimize production, develop high-value-added products, and better understand interspecies differences, we investigated the metabolic profiles of chicken, duck, goose, quail, and pigeon eggs (yolk and albumen (egg white)). Using non-targeted metabolomics integrated with multivariate analyses and machine learning-based biomarker screening, we identified 519 and 312 significantly different metabolites in the yolk and white of eggs from the aforementioned species, respectively. These metabolites included lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds, benzenoids, etc. The co-occurrence network showed that the egg yolks had higher modularity than the egg whites. ABC transporters and amino acid metabolism-related pathways were the main enriched pathways, reflecting species-adaptive strategies. Moreover, feature selection assisted by machine learning identified 9 candidate biomarkers with potential discriminatory value for poultry egg species classification, although further targeted validation using independent external cohorts is required. This study provides insights into the metabolomics profiles of poultry eggs and their industrial applications.

To determine the nutritional composition of common dishes in restaurants across three cities of Liaoning Province, calculate their dishes nutrition index(DNI), and provide guidance for daily dietary choices. A total of 107 popular and regionally representative dishes were collected from chain restaurants in Liaoning. Nutrients were analyzed using National Standard GB 5009 series method. DNI was calculated, and dishes were categorized by cooking method and composition. Differences among groups were statistically compared. The DNI ranged from -2.18 to 12.35, with 76 dishes scoring positively and 31 negatively. The top five dishes with the highest DNI were identified as manchu-style fried blood sausage(12.35), soy-braised yellow clams(8.67), soft-fried salt-and-pepper oysters(8.57), fresh sea urchin sashimi(8.21), and golden award-winning goose stewed with rice straw(6.01), while the bottom five dishes with the lowest DNI values comprised sweet-and-sour yellow croaker(-2.18), stir-fried marine worm with chinese chives(-1.73), deep-fried whitebait(-1.63), imperial shrimp dumplings(-1.40), and yellow croaker potstickers(-1.36). Regarding the DNI, the meat-based category exhibited significantly higher values compared to the mixed meat-vegetable and vegetable-based categories, while stewing and cold mixing demonstrated superior result over boiling(P<0.05). Most restaurant dishes in three cities of Liaoning Province have positive nutritional index, indicating nutritional value. Meat-based dishes offer higher nutrient density and can be consumed in moderation. Boiling reduces nutrient retention, while stewing and cold preparation method are recommended for optimal nutrient preservation.

In March and April of 2023, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, H5N1 strain Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong H5 clade 2.3.4.4b, resulted in at least 17 mortalities of free-ranging California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) in Arizona. Condors presented dead or with neurologic signs and lethargy. Infection resulted in multisystemic inflammation and necrosis that most consistently and severely affected the brain, spleen, and adrenal glands. Immunohistochemistry performed on tissues from a subset of condors labeled cells in multiple organ systems for influenza A virus, most abundantly in neurons, epithelial cells, and mononuclear inflammatory cells and often colocalized with areas of inflammation. Acute blunt force trauma, presumably from ground collision after falling from a height, was a common finding and indicated a rapidly debilitating disease course and neurologic impairment. Hepatic lead concentrations were relatively low with no concurrent incidences of acute lead toxicosis, an otherwise common cause of death in free-ranging California condors. Bone lead reflected long-term lead accumulation in several condors. Assessment of ingesta in 8 condors via morphologic hair identification showed a mix of consumed taxa, most commonly Bovidae. In summary, California condors, like other New World vultures (family Cathartidae), are highly susceptible to this strain of H5N1, and this should be taken into consideration when planning release, feeding, and morbidity and mortality responses.

Migratory birds are the natural reservoir of influenza A virus (IAV), but their role as a carrier of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Here, we report the identification of three almost full-length viral genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in Tundra swans. These sequences are named hCoV-19/Tundra swan/Jiangxi/IMCAS_M1/2021 (IMCAS_M1), hCoV-19/Tundra swan/Jiangxi /IMCAS_M2/2021 (IMCAS_M2), and hCoV-19/Tundra swan/Jiangxi/IMCAS_M3/2021 (IMCAS_M3). IMCAS_M1 and IMCAS_M3 have the same mutations as the Beta VOC (K417N, E484K, and N501Y) in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) protein, whereas IMCAS_M2 shares the same mutations as the Gamma VOC (K417T, E484K, and N501Y) in the RBD with all three showing their distinct mutations in the genomes. Virus receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins from both Tundra swan (tsACE2) and Black swan (bsACE2) can bind to the RBDs of all three viruses and the Alpha VOC, but not to RBD of the prototype (PT) virus. The polar contacts and hydrophobic interactions revealed by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the RBD-ACE2 complex, play key roles in virus-receptor engagement. Furthermore, HeLa cells expressing bsACE2 and tsACE2 proteins could be transduced by pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma) but not PT SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we obtained one partial genome of MERS-CoV named Bar-headed goose/Tibet/IMCAS_M4/2022 (IMCAS_M4) with 20,180 bp (~70.0% coverage). Our findings highlight the importance of migratory birds as potential carrier of both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, thereby posing potential threat to public health.

Microeukaryotic parasites of the intestinal tract are an understudied group of organisms that infect humans and many other animals. Targeted sequencing methods focused on individual loci are usually employed for detection of these parasites, making comprehensive studies of microeukaryotic parasite diversity within hosts or other systems difficult. Exploratory approaches such as shotgun metagenomic sequencing to survey the diversity of microeukaryotic parasites in new and existing datasets are not well developed. Utilizing existing datasets from 12 goose fecal samples, we explored some of the benefits and challenges of using shotgun metagenome sequencing to detect microeukaryotic parasites. We demonstrated the importance of careful curation of read classification data to avoid erroneously linking pathogens to hosts or environments as unsupported classifications were common in the data and varied widely depending on analysis parameters. However, we were able to establish strong support for the presence of sequences of Eimeria and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. In addition, examination of trichomonad reads indicated that parasite reads mapping to human pathogens unlikely to colonize geese may in fact represent cryptic microeukaryotic species that are not included in existing curated databases opening new potential avenues of study. Taken together these findings support the idea that exploring microeukaryotic parasite diversity within shotgun metagenomic datasets can be beneficial to our understanding of the presence and diversity of these organisms in wildlife hosts.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) refers to the network of spatially dispersed sensors that records and monitors physical conditions of an environment and forwards the obtained data to Base Station (BS). These networks are widely employed in applications like smart cities, environmental monitoring, and industrial automation. However, minimizing delay in energy-efficient clustering and routing is challenging because energy constraints often require sensors to enter low-power states, which causes delays in communication. Therefore, effective energy management and selection of optimal multi-hop routing paths are essential to minimize delays and prevent network congestion. This research proposes Multi-Objective Di-Strategy GrayLag Goose Optimization (MO-DSGGO) to optimize energy efficiency and reduce delay via effective clustering and routing in WSN. Logistic mapping and symmetric adaptive division population are the di strategies, which are used for population initialization and balancing exploration, which enhance diversity and effectively search the solution space. Distance between Cluster Head (CH) and BS, intra-cluster distance, node degree, average delay during transmission, and residual energy are the multi-objectives, which are utilized as fitness functions for CH and route path selection. MO-DSGGO achieves less delay of 0.176 ms and reduced energy consumption of 7.2&#xa0;J for scenario 2 with 100 nodes and network size of [Formula: see text] mts and obtains throughput of 95% in scenario 7 with 250 nodes and [Formula: see text] in MATLAB R2020b. These improvements represent clear superiority over existing methods like Energy Optimization Routing by applying an improved Artificial Bee Colony (EOR-iABC) and Energy Optimization Approach Medium access control Routing Cross-Layer (EOAMRCL). Also, the proposed method obtains better convergence analysis that represents rapid and more stable performance. MO-DSGGO achieves longer node lifetime of 97.272% with Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 95.38%, and throughput of 14,297 BPS compared to Energy Efficient Lifetime-aware Cluster-based Routing (EELCR) that demonstrates more reliable and efficient network utilization.

Intensive aquaculture serves as the cornerstone of global edible aquatic protein supply, yet pesticide residues from agricultural non-point source pollution have become a major environmental threat to teleost health, compromising both aquaculture sustainability and food safety. Pesticide exposure induces acute and chronic toxicity through multiple pathological pathways, including oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, immunosuppression, endocrine and metabolic disruption, as well as genetic and tissue damage. As environmentally benign feed additives, probiotics demonstrate considerable promise in mitigating pesticide-induced toxicity in teleosts owing to their multi-target regulatory activities and innate biodegradability. Here, we critically review the core toxic effects of pesticides on teleost fish and synthesize current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying probiotic-mediated protection. We particularly emphasize the key unresolved challenges that hinder industrial translation-including pronounced strain specificity, insufficient mechanistic depth, lack of standardized dosing protocols, severe research gaps under realistic co-exposure scenarios, incomplete safety evaluation systems, and fragmented regulatory frameworks. Moreover, we propose future directions with specific emphasis on multi-omics integrated approaches, high-throughput strain screening platforms, combined pollution research, industrial formulation technologies, and harmonized safety assessment standards. This review aims to provide a theoretical and practical framework for the green prevention and control of pesticide pollution in aquaculture and to guide the rational development of targeted probiotic products for sustainable teleost farming.

Cardiac macrophages display remarkable functional plasticity via heterogeneous subpopulations and a dynamic secretome, orchestrating key regulatory events during pressure overload-induced myocardial remodeling. However, the specific pathogenic subsets and their core regulatory mechanisms remain insufficiently defined. In this study, we identified a pathogenic secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1)-expressing macrophage subset that emerges early after transverse aortic constriction. Myeloid-specific deletion of Spp1 potently attenuated transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac inflammation, pathological remodeling, and dysfunction. Mechanistically, stressed cardiomyocytes release high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages and subsequent SPP1 production via NF-&#x3ba;B p65. Targeting this HMGB1-NLRP3-SPP1 axis with arglabin, an emerging NLRP3 inhibitor, effectively suppressed myocardial SPP1 expression, restricted proinflammatory immune cell infiltration and cardiac fibrosis, and thereby alleviated adverse myocardial remodeling induced by pressure overload. Our findings delineate a critical HMGB1-NLRP3-NF-&#x3ba;B-SPP1 axis in macrophages that drives pressure overload-induced cardiac pathogenesis. Targeting this pathway, exemplified by the natural compound arglabin, represents a promising therapeutic strategy against pathological cardiac remodeling.

Neonicotinoids (NNIs) are the most widely used class of insecticides globally, characterized by high insecticidal activity and low acute toxicity to mammals. However, their extensive application has led to widespread contamination of freshwater and seawater ecosystems-via agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and even indirect exposure through contaminated feed. Teleosts, as key aquatic organisms in both natural ecosystems and aquaculture systems, are inevitably exposed to environmental concentrations of NNIs. This review systematically synthesizes the toxic mechanisms, multilevel adverse effects, and potential detoxification strategies of NNIs targeting farmed teleosts. Key findings include species-specific toxicity profiles and multi-pathway detoxification strategies. It highlights specific toxicity data of representative NNIs, metabolite toxicity, temperature-dependent effects, and transgenerational risks, and reviews detoxification advances focusing on low-cost, aquaculture-compatible methods. Although direct evidence from farmed species under production conditions remains limited, this review synthesizes available toxicological data from laboratory studies (including model organisms and selected farmed teleosts) to provide a mechanistic basis for NNIs risk assessment and to identify priority research needs for aquaculture applications. Neonicotinoids are the world's most widely used insecticides. They wash into rivers, lakes, and oceans via farm runoff and sewage. Farmed fish are constantly exposed to these chemicals in waters near agricultural areas. This review compiled the latest scientific research on neonicotinoids and farmed fish, aiming to clarify their toxic mechanisms, multilevel harms to fish, and practical, low&#x2010;cost detoxification methods suitable for fish. Neonicotinoids and their breakdown products damage fish's nervous system, reproduction, growth, and immunity. Only a few probiotics show partial protective effects, while plant&#x2010;based detoxification solutions remain largely unstudied for fish. Neonicotinoid contamination threatens global aquaculture sustainability and food safety. Our findings provide actionable scientific guidance for farmers, researchers, and policymakers to manage pesticide risks and safeguard aquatic food supplies.