During the commissioning and qualification (C&Q) of a new large-scale freeze-thaw unit in a GMP manufacturing environment, a significant cleaning concern was identified involving the bottom shelf assembly. A non-fixed Teflon plate, intended as an insulation layer between the lower shelf and the pressure table, creates a narrow gap prone to fluid accumulation. This area is inaccessible for standard manual cleaning, posing a microbial and cross-contamination risk.The Teflon plate provides an insulation layer between the lower shelf and the pressure table. The current removal process is labor-intensive, requiring a two-person lift to clear internal pins, which introduces ergonomic risks and potential mechanical strain on critical hose connections. To resolve this, we collaborated with the vendor on a design evolution. This presentation details the investigative approach used to identify this "hidden" risk and the subsequent collaboration with the equipment vendor to re-engineer the pin design. Reducing pin length enables horizontal plate removal without lifting the shelf assembly, which successfully bridges the gap between mechanical requirements and GMP cleanability.
Sulfidation modification creates a redox-noninnocent sulfur interface on cobalt ferrite/red mud (CoFe2O4/RM, and its sulfidated form is denoted as S-CoFe2O4/RM), enabling both fast and selective peracetic acid (PAA) activation for sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation. The S-CoFe2O4/RM/PAA system removes 95.1 % of SMT within 5 min, with a rate constant 12.77 times that of unmodified CoFe2O4/RM. Using X‑ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), time-resolved X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), operando attenuated total reflectance Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we reveal that surface sulfur acts as a dynamic interfacial cofactor. First, low-valence sulfur species (S2-, SO32-) can serve as electron donors that continuously regenerate Co2+/Fe2+, sustaining rapid metal redox cycling. Second, sulfur alters the adsorption configuration of PAA and steers asymmetric O-O bond cleavage, switching the dominant reactive oxygen species from non-selective •OH to highly selective R-O• and 1O2. Nine degradation intermediates are identified, with pathways including hydroxylation, S-N bond cleavage, and N-centered radical coupling. Most intermediates are predicted to exhibit lower toxicity than SMT. The system shows strong resistance to anions and humic substances, excellent recyclability, and stable performance in real water matrices. This work establishes sulfur as a redox-noninnocent interfacial cofactor that decouples activation rate from indiscriminate radical chemistry, offering a new design principle for selective PAA activation in antibiotic wastewater treatment.
The styloid process (SP), a component of the stylohyoid complex (SHC), demonstrates considerable anatomic variability in length, angulation, ossification, and morphology. Although elongation has traditionally been regarded as the principal feature of Eagle syndrome, growing evidence suggests that 3-dimensional orientation may be equally important. We report a dry skull specimen demonstrating a markedly elongated unilateral SP with a tortuous shaft and pronounced anteromedial angulation. The osseous contour was continuous throughout its course, without evidence of fracture, segmentation, or pseudoarticulation. The distal tip projected medially toward the expected parapharyngeal space. An ipsilateral complete pterygoalar bar was also identified, creating a rare combination of skull base variants. This case highlights the importance of evaluating SP morphology beyond simple length measurements and underscores the potential influence of angulation and curvature on adjacent neurovascular and pharyngeal structures. Recognition of such variants is relevant for anatomists, radiologists, otolaryngologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and skull base surgeons.
The escalating threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections poses a serious challenge to global public health, thereby creating an urgent need for the development of potent antibacterial agents with a low tendency to induce resistance. In this study, ten Ru(II) complexes were designed and synthesized by introducing benzimidazolium quaternary ammonium cations. Preliminary activity screening indicated that compound Ru1 exhibited superior antibacterial activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Ru1 showed rapid bactericidal kinetics and also exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on bacterial virulence factors (including biofilm and α-hemolysin), which with a low tendency to induce bacterial resistance. Mechanistically, owing to the high cationic charge density, Ru1 specifically targets and binds to phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on the bacterial membrane. This interaction leads to membrane depolarization and increased permeability, resulting in the leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids, accompanied by substantial accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately causing bacterial death. In addition, Ru1 displayed remarkable stability in complex physiological environments and excellent biocompatibility. In multiple in vivo efficacy models, Ru1 demonstrated superior therapeutic performance compared with vancomycin. Overall, this study illustrated that quaternate of ruthenium (II) complexes was an effective new strategy for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor with poor survival rates and nearly universal recurrence. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging obtained after radiation and chemotherapy treatment often shows "pseudoprogression" (PsP), or contrast enhancement that mimics tumor growth. However, this does not indicate actual disease progression. This study compared the efficacy of a previously developed radio-pathomic mapping model for discriminating between true progression (TP) and PsP relative to advanced diffusion and perfusion metrics. This retrospective study utilized the UCSD-PTGBM single-site public dataset comprised of 171 MR imaging sessions (139 TP and 32 PsP) from 130 adult patients following initial biopsy or resection. Radio-pathomic maps of cell density (RPM Cell) and extracellular fluid density (RPM ECF) from a previously-established methodology were created using conventional imaging data (e.g., T1, T1C, FLAIR, ADC) from the public UCSD dataset. These maps were then compared to perfusion (rCBV, CBF, MTT) and restricted spectrum imaging (RSI) diffusion (Free, Hindered, Cell) features to assess differences between TP and PsP within regions of contrast enhancement. Statistical analyses involved Pearson correlation coefficients, mixed effect models, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC) used to evaluate performance at the first and all timepoints, using DeLong's tests to confirm significance. RPM Cell significantly (p=0.006) outperformed other imaging features in discriminating TP from PsP (AUC=0.827 vs. <0.687 for alternatives, across all timepoints). Features that differed between patients with TP and PsP included RPM Cell (B=5.71, p<0.001) and RSI Cell (B=2.54, p=0.01). RPM Cell shows promise as a novel, accessible marker for detecting tumor recurrence. These cell density maps outperform current advanced imaging techniques in distinguishing true tumor progression from PsP in a retrospective single-site dataset of glioblastoma patients, potentially offering clinicians valuable insights into the tumor microenvironment through a non-invasive modality without requiring additional contrast agents or scan time.
Glacier retreat is rapidly transforming landscapes, creating thousands of new lakes that act as natural laboratories of ecological succession. In these newly formed ecosystems, colonizing animals must meet their requirements for essential organic nutrients, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Here, we combined compound-specific stable isotope analyses of amino acids with fatty acid analysis to trace the origins and transfer of organic nutrients to fish (Arctic char) across a glacial-to-lacustrine lake succession in southern Greenland. Through lake succession, primary sources of nutrients shifted, coinciding with a 60% increase in LC-PUFA concentration in individual fish. In early glacial stages, Arctic char appeared to compensate for low LC-PUFA availability through endogenous biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid and, when connected to the fjord, by assimilating marine-derived nutrients via egg cannibalism. Overall, our results demonstrate that glacier retreat reshapes not only physical landscapes but also organic nutrient availability, with cascading consequences for animal physiology, ecosystem connectivity, and potentially long-term evolutionary trajectories.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and increased risk for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined whether diagnosed diabetes before age 40 years is associated with incident CVD risk independent of other measured risk factors. It also evaluated whether cumulative glucose exposure from young adulthood to age 40 years is associated with subsequent CVD risk and explored the relative contribution of diabetes compared with other CVD risk factors. Using CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study data, we created a sequential propensity-score-matched sample at age 40 years: Each participant with diabetes was matched to one prediabetes participant and up to 2 without diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess associations of diabetes and cumulative glucose exposure with incident CVD and its components: coronary heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure. Of 4,931 individuals, 766 propensity-score-matched participants experienced 103 incident CVD events during a median 22-year follow-up after age 40 years. Diagnosed diabetes was independently associated with incident CVD after adjustment for other known risk factors (HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.33-3.41 for diabetes vs nondiabetes, P = 0.002); CVD risk rose as cumulative glucose exposure increased. Among matched participants, the excess CVD rate associated with diabetes was greater than the rate difference associated with other cardiovascular risk factors commonly elevated in diabetes. Diabetes by age 40 years was associated with higher subsequent CVD risk beyond established risk factors, with CVD risk increasing as cumulative glucose exposure rose.
Advancing age fundamentally alters the clinical presentation of suspected coronary artery disease. Although chest pain remains the hallmark symptom of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), older adults increasingly present with dyspnea or heart failure (HF)-related symptoms, creating substantial diagnostic uncertainty during emergency department (ED) evaluation. Whether this age-dependent shift is specific to ACS or represents a broader change in the clinical phenotype of patients undergoing coronary angiography remains incompletely understood. We therefore investigated age-related changes in symptom presentation and determined whether these patterns differed between patients with and without ACS. We performed a retrospective patient-level analysis of a single-center coronary angiography registry comprising 3198 procedures consolidated into 2560 unique patients. Patients aged ≥50 years presenting with documented chest pain and/or dyspnea/HF symptoms were stratified into four age groups (50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥ 80 years). Presentations were categorized as isolated chest pain, isolated dyspnea/HF, or combined symptoms. ACS status was determined using clinical presentation and biomarker data. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of dyspnea-containing presentations after adjustment for demographic and cardiovascular comorbidities, and interaction analyses assessed whether the association between age and symptom presentation differed by ACS status. Among 1530 eligible patients, isolated chest pain declined progressively with age, whereas dyspnea-containing presentations more than doubled, increasing from 18.8% in patients aged 50-59 years to 47.2% in those aged ≥80 years (P < 0.001). This transition occurred in both ACS (n = 602) and non-ACS (n = 928) patients. After adjustment, patients aged ≥80 years had more than twofold higher odds of dyspnea presentation than those aged 50-59 years (adjusted OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.64-4.29; P < 0.001). Despite the age-related transition toward dyspnea, both significant and multivessel coronary artery disease increased progressively with advancing age. No significant age-by-ACS interaction was observed (Pinteraction = 0.993). Advancing age is associated with a marked and independent transition from isolated chest pain toward dyspnea-containing presentations regardless of ACS status, suggesting that older patients with suspected coronary disease increasingly present with dyspnea rather than isolated chest pain. These findings support considering dyspnea a high-risk presenting symptom that should prompt careful evaluation for ACS and other cardiovascular disorders in older adults. Equivalent rather than merely an atypical symptom in older adults, even in the absence of typical chest pain.
Skin integrity is necessary for protection against microbial invasion, and disturbance of this barrier predisposes to infections, particularly those caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Study antioxidant SOD3, GPX4 genes expression and interaction with other genes and skin histopathology, hematological, and biochemical parameters as integrated markers of efficacy and safety of therapeutic potential of honeybee venom used in S. aureus-associated skin wounds. Male albino rats were divided into five different groups. The dorsal fur of experimental rats was shaved to create the bacterial infection site. After three weeks of treatment, wound healing was evaluated through histopathological examination, while systemic influences were assessed using hematological and biochemical parameters. The expression levels of antioxidant genes SOD3 and GPX4 were quantified. In silico analyses were conducted using gnomAD and GeneMANIA databases. Gene expression analysis revealed significant lower relative expression of SOD3 and GPX4 in the positive control group, whereas honeybee venom obviously increased relative expression both genes. The gnomAD database identified 812 variants in SOD3 and 2064 variants in GPX4. GeneMANIA analysis exhibited that SOD3 and GPX4 interact with 8 and 17 related genes, respectively, mainly through physical interaction. Histopathological results showing impaired skin architecture in infected rats and partial improvement by honeybee venom. Hematological analysis demonstrated minor variations. Liver enzymes were improved in honeybee venom treated groups. Renal function parameters showed no significant differences. Honeybee venom ability to increase relative expression SOD3 and GPX4 and promote tissue partial restoration highlights its potential as an effective therapeutic agent for infected wounds.
Growing environmental concerns about conventional plastics have created a demand for alternative resources that are both truly biodegradable and cost-effective. Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are drawing great attention due to their degradability and lower environmental impact on ecosystems. However, higher production cost of bacteria-derived PHAs has become a bottleneck for commercial applications, prompting the search for alternative microbial hosts. Among various microbes, yeasts have become an alternative host for PHAs production due to their stress tolerance, generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status, versatility in substrate utilization, resistance to phage infection, lack of effective biopolymer depolymerizing enzymes and the unique physicochemical environment offered by subcellular compartments for PHAs production. In this perspective, this review provides the current state of PHAs production from wild yeast strains and the various approaches that have been used to improve yield. Furthermore, we discuss the performance, challenges, and limitations of various synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies in yeast strains for PHAs production, including overexpressing PHAs biosynthetic genes, knocking out competing pathways, metabolic engineering for precursor supply, and improving renewable feedstock utilization. This review highlights the knowledge gaps in yeast based PHAs production using native and engineered strains, and explains its limitations compared to other microbial sources.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly promoted as a transformative innovation in in vitro fertilization (IVF), particularly for embryo selection. This article examines how discourses surrounding AI in IVF reflect broader shifts in medical paradigms and market logics. Drawing on a comparative critical discourse analysis of clinic websites, media texts and professional publications in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, we explore how stakeholders frame the promise and potential of AI-enabled embryo selection. Our findings reveal three interconnected dynamics. First, UK discourses predominantly construct a paradigm shift from evidence-based medicine (EBM) toward data-driven care, positioning AI as a solution to the perceived limitations of randomised controlled trials. Dutch sources, by contrast, largely sustain EBM principles, framing caution as a safeguard against false hype and escalating costs. Second, UK clinics and technology developers predominantly employ promissory narratives that create self-fulfilling prophecies about an AI-driven future, while Dutch actors largely resist the inevitability of technological fixes. Third, the meaning of patient choice diverges: in the UK, choice is increasingly conflated with consumerism, enabling clinics to market unproven add-ons at additional cost; in the Netherlands, patient choice remains more insulated from market forces, though globalised imaginaries exert growing pressure. These findings illuminate how commercial interests and sociotechnical imaginaries shape reproductive care beyond clinical evidence, raising ethical concerns about equity, regulation and the commodification of hope. The IVF sector offers a critical lens on the wider implications of AI-driven medicine for healthcare governance in an era of marketisation.
Admission to doctoral programs that provide clinical neuropsychology training is highly competitive. The Women in Neuropsychology committee (WIN: Society for Clinical Neuropsychology [SCN], American Psychological Association [APA] Division 40), in collaboration with New2Neuropsychology (N2N), created the Linking with Liaisons (LwL) initiative, the first neuropsychology-focused graduate application cycle initiative. LwL aimed to foster the advancement of underrepresented, minoritized, and repeat applicants through the 2024 doctoral graduate school application cycle in the USA and Canada. Applications were matched with neuropsychology liaisons who reviewed application materials and conducted mock interviews. Additionally, applicants received informational sessions on the application process and interviewing. We present descriptive and qualitative survey data collected from 23 applicants and 17 liaisons. Overall, the LwL initiative was rated very highly by both applicants and liaisons for communication, making applicants feel prepared, and offering a unique opportunity. Linking with Liaisons successfully engaged the targeted applicant pool, and findings support the feasibility and participant satisfaction with this initiative's format. To date, the success of programs such as the LwL initiative reinforces the importance of developing similar programs to strengthen recruitment and retention of individuals from underrepresented and minoritized groups in the field of clinical neuropsychology.
High-level MET gene amplification is a rare but potentially actionable alteration in gastric cancer. Previous phase III trials of MET-targeted therapies enrolled broadly MET-positive populations without prospective selection for high-level MET amplification, and no MET-directed therapy is currently established for this disease. Here, we report a 74-year-old woman with heavily pretreated metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma harboring high-level MET amplification (copy number 21) identified by comprehensive genomic profiling. Following expert panel review, the patient received capmatinib through the BELIEVE trial (NCCH1901; jRCTs031190104) and achieved a confirmed partial response at 8 weeks, with a 43.7% reduction in the sum of target lesion diameters. The response was maintained at 16 weeks; disease progression was observed at 24 weeks, with a progression-free survival of approximately 5.5 months. In the context of a literature review of MET-targeted therapies in gastric cancer, this case supports further investigation of selective MET inhibition in gastric cancer with high-level MET amplification, a rare molecular subset not prospectively enriched in previous clinical trials.
Effective collaboration depends on mutual understanding of professional roles and responsibilities, making sustainable interprofessional learning (IPL) an integral part of hospital clinical practice. In this context, learning and collaboration reinforce one another and ultimately support better patient outcomes. However, the factors influencing IPL in hospital settings are not yet clearly understood. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to identify facilitators of, and barriers to, IPL in hospital-based clinical practice, focusing on nurses and physiotherapists. This scoping review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus, from inception to July 2026. Inclusion criteria were empirical scientific articles focusing on facilitators and barriers to IPL, applicable to adult hospital settings and including both nursing and physiotherapy perspectives. Grey literature, studies evaluating specific educational interventions or conducted in clinical settings with dedicated IPL initiatives beyond routine daily practice, and studies conducted in paediatric, maternity, or psychiatric settings were excluded. The database search yielded 1,973 articles, of which 11 were included following screening of 33 full-text articles. The included studies identified a range of facilitators to IPL including factors that supported socialization and familiarization (n = 6), building a positive team climate (n = 5), and conducive organizational structures (n = 10). Barriers included limiting structural prerequisites (n = 5), constraining interprofessional interactions (n = 4), and non-conducive prevailing workplace culture (n = 5). Sustainable IPL requires organizational structures that enable regular interaction among professionals, inclusive team cultures, and collaborative leadership. This ensures that learning continues even as staff members change, and that essential knowledge is retained in hospital-based clinical practice, so that patients receive care based on their needs. This review may therefore support hospitals and educational organizations in creating conditions that support the systematic integration of IPL into both education and clinical practice and thereby sustain IPL and collaboration between nurses and physiotherapists.
To describe current approaches and perceptions in preparing self-study reports for an Accreditation Council on Pharmacy Education (ACPE) site visit at United States (US) schools/colleges of pharmacy. A 28-item survey was administered to programs completing a full ACPE site visit between spring 2021 and spring 2025. Questions developed by the research team assessed self-study planning and preparation processes (10 items plus 2 items based on responses), site visit preparation approaches (1 item), stakeholder involvement (6 items), perceptions of the process (5 items), and open-ended questions (4 items: challenges, what respondents would do differently, strategies that led to success, and additional comments). Frequencies were used to report quantitative results and themes were identified for open-ended questions. A total of 32 programs (out of 62) completed the survey (response rate=51.6%). Among the 32 respondents, most programs (93.8%) conducted "kick-off" meetings and provided preparatory materials; 59.4% started the self-study process 12-18 months before submission. Self-study leadership was typically assigned to deans or administrators with assessment roles (62.5%), with most utilizing newly created committees (68.7%). Administrators, faculty, and staff were involved in both writing (>90%) and reviewing drafts (>80%). Leadership, organization, and clear timelines emerged as key success strategies. Despite varying institutional contexts, programs employed similar structural approaches to managing the self-study process. This project contributes to limited research analyzing how academic programs manage the self-study process. Future research should examine how implementation of the new accreditation requirements has influenced practices.
With stroke incidence on the rise in Canada, research that can enhance the wellbeing of people living with aphasia (PLWA) is critical. To provide insights into the day-to-day social experiences of PLWA and how these experiences relate to communicative access, this study sought to: 1) describe PLWA's experiences with social participation, 2) identify challenges and supports to their social participation, and 3) gain their insights into improving communicative accessibility. Five PLWA enrolled in a community aphasia group in Southern Ontario, Canada were included in this study. A series of individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted using supportive communication strategies for aphasia. Data collected from these interviews was analyzed using an iterative, collaborative qualitative analysis process. Three themes emerged during analysis: 1) coping with change, describing participants' personal experiences adapting to life with a communication disability, 2) barriers to social participation, identifying factors that negatively impacted their opportunities for interacting with others, and 3) facilitating social participation, pertaining to ways that participants felt PLWA's social participation could be improved. Improving public knowledge and awareness of aphasia was identified as a key facilitator for increasing social participation for participants in this study. Participants with perceived social support expressed having more opportunities for social participation than those without perceived social support. Present findings suggest that creating and maintaining both in-person and virtual opportunities for social participation that are communicatively accessible can help address the diverse needs of people living with aphasia.
To evaluate the initial safety and feasibility of the Luca™ System, a telemanipulated robotic system with bimanual capabilities, used to perform a Core vitrectomy during surgical treatment of epiretinal membrane (ERM) or macular hole (MH). This was a prospective, single-arm, first-in-human study conducted at Ghent University Hospital in Belgium. Seven patients (mean age 71.0 ± 11.5 years) scheduled for vitreoretinal surgery for ERM (n=6) or MH (n=1) were enrolled between February and June 2024. The Luca™ system was used to create a posterior vitreous detachment and to perform a core vitrectomy, after which the remainder of the surgery (e.g., membrane peeling) was completed manually. The primary safety endpoint was the incidence and severity of device-related Adverse Event (AEs). Secondary endpoints included the proportion of subjects with iatrogenic retinal tears and changes in BCDVA and BCNVA. All surgeries were completed without serious safety incidents, and no device-related AEs or serious AEs were reported. No accidental retinal touches, hemorrhages, or iatrogenic retinal tears related to the robotic system occurred. In 6 out of 7 patients (85.7%), the robotic-assisted part of the procedure was successfully completed according to pre-operative planning. At 3 months, 5 out of 7 patients (71.4%) had a BCDVA gain. The initial clinical experience with the Luca™ robotic system demonstrates a favorable safety, feasibility, and performance profile for vitreoretinal surgery in patients with acquired maculopathies. The safety profile appears comparable to that of manual surgery.
The study examines the socio-economic, ideological and religious factors influencing how likely Americans perceive the consequences of environmental regulation to be. Three perception-based items from the Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel Wave 106 (n = 10,156) are examined: higher fuel and electricity prices, gradual loss of individual freedoms, and fewer jobs or declining pay in fossil-fuel-dependent industries. These items are interpreted as subjective expectations rather than observed or causal effects of regulation. We use fuzzy hybrid TOPSIS to create a synthetic index of the perceived effects of environmental regulation on Americans (AP-ERE), and fuzzy clustering to classify respondents as extremely convinced, extremely unconvinced or intermediate. The results reveal significant disparities among ideological, socioeconomic, and religious groups. The convinced cluster is more prevalent among religious, conservative, older and male respondents, suggesting that they perceive a greater likelihood of economic and social costs. Overall, the results suggest that perceptions of environmental regulation are shaped not only by ideology and socio-economic characteristics, but also by religious identity and religiosity.
To compare the four-week patency and degree of intra-graft stenosis of a percutaneously created extraluminal arterial bypass using a stent graft to a surgically created prosthetic bypass in a porcine carotid artery model. Seven female Yorkshire swine underwent both percutaneous and surgical carotid artery bypass procedures. Percutaneous bypasses were created using subcutaneously tunneled 6-mm GORE VIABAHN stent grafts, while surgical bypasses were performed on the contralateral side. Animals received dual antiplatelet therapy and were monitored weekly with Doppler ultrasound for four weeks. Graft patency and stenosis were assessed with angiography and explant inspection. Percent stenosis at cranial, mid-graft, and caudal segments were calculated and compared. Percutaneous bypass creation was technically successful in 6 of 7 pigs (86%); one failure was due to stent graft maldeployment. All successfully placed percutaneous and surgical grafts remained patent at four weeks. Mean angiographic stenosis for percutaneous grafts was 47% (caudal), 20% (mid), and 43% (cranial); versus 34% (caudal, p=0.26), 12% (mid, p=0.69), and 35% (cranial, p=0.42) for surgical grafts after four weeks. Visual inspection demonstrated comparable degrees of intimal hyperplasia (p=1.0). Four seromas occurred adjacent to surgical bypasses, whereas none occurred with percutaneous bypasses (p=0.06). Percutaneously created extraluminal arterial bypass demonstrated similar short-term patency and intra-graft stenosis compared to surgical bypass, supporting its potential as an alternative revascularization strategy in complex PAD.
Generative AI holds ample potential to make agri-food systems more productive, resilient, and nature-friendly, but also poses risks. Here, following a methodical assessment of AI-generated advice on crop protection provided by ChatGPT-5, DeepSeek 3.1 up to 3.2-Exp, NormAI, KissanAI and VirtualAgronomist, we reveal systematic biases, faulty recommendations, and unethical machine behavior. As proprietary AI-powered advisories tend to favor commodified inputs and restrict the plurality of non-chemical alternatives, they may create informational biases that could, in turn, influence farmers' uptake of agroecological and biodiversity-driven solutions. For instance, whereas biological control, soil health and diversification tactics carry notable social-environmental benefits, they are systematically downgraded or even excluded by certain AI systems. Over time, such input-oriented foci can reinforce farmers' dependencies on purchased products - thereby eventually and inadvertently fueling pest proliferation, inflicting environmental harm, and eroding ecosystem services. Greater scrutiny, robust governance, and tailored regulations are urgently needed to safeguard environmental integrity and farmer livelihoods.