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Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to public health worldwide and demands interventions with a One Health perspective. A key challenge is determining the collection of antimicrobial resistance genes of a specific environment, also known as the resistome. Surveillance and monitoring of the resistome are essential for tracking the emergence and dissemination of resistance mechanisms. In this study, we took advantage of shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics sequencing data of piglets treated with different post-weaning diarrhoea treatments to generate an antimicrobial resistance gene catalogue of the pig gut microbiome during pre-weaning and post-weaning stages. The selected catalogue, comprising a total of 102 genes and representing the majority of antibiotic classes, has been implemented in the microfluidic Biomark™ X9 System and validated using total DNA and RNA extracted from piglets' faecal samples. Additionally, this platform has been verified by demonstrating a strong and statistically significant correlation with resistome quantification data from both metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing. Overall, the microfluidic qPCR platform implemented here demonstrated enhanced detection of low-abundance targets, successfully identifying genes and transcripts that remained below the stochastic detection threshold of shotgun sequencing. This approach enables high-throughput monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, providing a critical tool to support the reduction of antimicrobial use in farms.

Colocalisation is a powerful approach to assess if two genetic association signals are likely to share a causal variant. However, association analyses in large biobanks and molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTL) studies now routinely identify millions of association signals across thousands of traits, making it infeasible to test for colocalisation between all pairs of signals. Here we introduce gpu-coloc, a GPU-accelerated re-implementation of the coloc algorithm that combines efficient data storage with parallelisation to achieve a 1000-fold speed increase while maintaining near-identical results. As a result, the run time of gpu-coloc now approaches the colocalisation posterior probability (CLPP) method, a competing method that only uses information from fine mapped credible sets to detect colocalisations. Using summary statistics from UK Biobank, FinnGen, and eQTL Catalogue, we demonstrate that gpu-coloc and CLPP detect highly concordant results, especially when restricting the analysis to confidently fine mapped signals. We introduce the colocalisation collider metric to quantify spurious colocalisations in large-scale colocalisation graphs and use it to choose decision thresholds that provide a reasonable trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. Finally, we demonstrate how gpu-coloc can also be applied to marginal GWAS summary statistics from studies that lack fine mapping, where it is still able to recover molQTL colocalisations for ~80% of the GWAS loci. Our efficient software and comprehensive analyses provide practical guidelines for future large-scale colocalisation analyses.

The Teide National Park is a high-mountain ecosystem characterised by a high temperature and solar radiation, together with low humidity. Aside from these extreme conditions, a rich biota inhabits there. In 1996, the first comprehensive inventory of arthropods was carried out and, since then, no further catalogue has been accomplished. The present work aims to update the current check-list of arthropods, as well as establishing sampling sites for further biomonitoring with standardised protocols. A total of 615 taxa has been identified from the specimens recorded during the 2024-2025 field surveys, with 80 of them being new to the Teide National Park. This contribution highlights the outstanding biodiversity in an ecosystem characterised by extreme-conditions.

In tectonically complex and data-limited regions, microseismicity offers a valuable tool for studying active fault structures and their activity. This study presents a robust methodology for investigating seismotectonics through instrumental seismicity, applied in Southeastern Piedmont, a region characterized by limited surface faulting and complex subsurface geometry. By integrating phase and parameter data from multiple seismic catalogues and applying rigorous quality-control and relocation procedures, we construct a high-resolution seismicity dataset spanning over 45 years. Focal-mechanism calculations and spatial-temporal clustering reveal a heterogeneous distribution of seismicity from the crust down into the lithospheric mantle (70 km), with strike-slip dominating focal mechanisms, influenced by the rheological and thermal structure of the lithosphere. The temporal distribution of seismicity reveals that earthquakes occur as mainshock-aftershock sequences repeatedly affecting the same volumes, indicating the presence of active and long-lived seismogenic structures within the Adria lithosphere. This study provides an updated analysis of seismicity in Southeastern Piedmont (Alessandria's area), within the tectonic suture between the Alps and the Apennines, where inherited post-subduction structures control the segmentation into blind seismogenic faults. This work offers a robust framework for improving the understanding of post-collisional tectonic evolution and identifying hidden active faults.

The Sport for Development (SFD) sector has so far enjoyed a longstanding practice in tackling socio-economic challenges in South Africa. Despite the increasing catalogue of topics addressed in SFD, the uptake of environmental protection, and further ocean conservation, is still uncommon and only practiced by a small number of local NGOs. Considering that the ocean's resources are indispensable to the survival of South Africa's population, this research aimed to address the mentioned topic within SFD (and in South Africa) by developing an SFD conceptual framework that teaches young adolescents ocean conservation and competences related to it in Cape Town, South Africa. Based on the experiential learning theory by David Kolb, the conceptual framework includes a specifically developed ocean conservation competence framework, conveyed by carefully adapted sport-based activities. This SFD intervention was deemed as complimentary to the Ocean Guardian Workshop (OGW) of the collaborating nongovernmental organization I AM WATER. During the OGW, young adolescents are taught how to snorkel in the ocean, giving them the opportunity to physically experience the ocean, while learning and developing a sense of embodiment and emotion towards preserving it. Aiming at deepening this impact, the SFD intervention was applied directly after the completion of the OGW for four consecutive weeks. To evaluate this intervention, a quantitative pre and post- survey approach was applied, addressing the ocean conservation related competences acquired throughout the combined OGW and SFD intervention. The results were analyzed using an independent t-test and demonstrate no significant differences regarding the development of ocean conservation related competences. The discussion places great emphasis on the reflexivity of the researcher, highlighting the short-term nature of the study and the dynamics in Global North to Global South research.

The brachial artery constitutes the dominant arterial supply of the upper extremity and undergoes terminal division into the radial and ulnar arteries within the cubital fossa at the level of the radial neck. Deviations from this classic bifurcation pattern, whether in its location or configuration, carry substantial implications for both anatomical knowledge and clinical practice. To systematically document and characterize instances of anomalous, proximally displaced terminal branches of the brachial artery observed during routine anatomical dissection and to interpret these findings within their embryological context alongside their implications for contemporary clinical and surgical practice. A retrospective observational investigation was conducted on 116 upper extremities from 58 embalmed adult cadavers over a continuous 14-year period (2011-2025), conducted jointly at two academic anatomy departments. All arterial structures, from the axilla through to the cubital fossa and distal forearm, were methodically exposed and catalogued. A total of 9 (7.7%) limbs demonstrated anomalous high-origin superficial terminal branches. This comprised two instances of a bilateral superficial ulnar artery, each arising from the axillary artery rather than the expected brachial trunk, and seven instances of a proximally originating superficial radial artery (right side [five] and left side [two]). In every case identified, the variant vessel coursed anterior to the pronator teres muscle. All seven radial artery cases demonstrated a morphologically consistent finding of proximal tortuosity and segmental dilatation, likely related to hemodynamic alterations induced by passage through a fibro-osseous tunnel formed by the bicipital aponeurosis. This investigation describes a bilaterally symmetrical axillary origin of the superficial ulnar artery, an exceptionally rare anatomical configuration, along with a proximal radial artery origin concordant with published global estimates. Recognition of these variants is indispensable for the safe conduct of venepuncture, arterial cannulation, cardiac catheterization via the transradial route, and reconstructive or orthopedic procedures involving the upper extremity.

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) initiate plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), encompassing receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). Eucalyptus grandis, an economically important species worldwide, is a long-lived organism that faces multiple disease pressures. The deployment of PRR-based breeding tools offers a route to broad, non-race-specific resistance that can remain effective across outbreaks. The objective of this work was to identify and characterise the PRR repertoire of E. grandis using public multi-omics data. Two state-of-the-art predictors were compared with a multi-species curation and a meta-analysis was conducted compiling transcriptomic data under biotic stress. A set of 730 RLKs/RLPs (PRR candidates) were consistently identified across three sources (~ 1.6% of protein-coding genes), of which 283 were differentially expressed (RLKs/RLPs-DEG). A PFAM domain-based scheme was applied to standardise classification across tools. RLKs (TM-K-LRR) predominated over RLPs (TM-LRR), while many carried malectin or malectin-like ectodomains. RLKs/RLPs genes were unevenly distributed across the genome: chromosome 6 had the highest count and the densest clustering. Gene-family expansion appeared mainly driven by duplication, with extensive tandem arrays supported by segmental, proximal and dispersed events. Gene Ontology and cis-elements annotations in RLKs/RLPs-DEG/no-DEG showed significant enrichment in terms related to cell cycle development, hormonal regulation and stress response. We proposed a catalogue of 16 RLKs which resulted in DEGs against at least three pathogens, suggesting their broad spectrum and robustness. Most of them presented orthologues with cross-taxon evidence of defence roles. This study delineates novel multi-pathogen candidate PRR genes, providing valuable information to assist Eucalyptus breeding programs.

An-Ci curves are used to infer Vcmax,25 and J25 for terrestrial biosphere models, but fitting-tool assumptions can alter both parameters; although Vcmax,25 varies more, J25 differences can also shift inferred limitation regimes and thereby affect propagation from leaf to canopy simulations. We compared 11 widely used An-Ci fitting configurations and one optimal model configuration across four C3 crops (soybean, perennial ryegrass, red clover, and winter wheat), ran two complementary sensitivities (one-at-a-time toggles relative to a baseline and variance-based decomposition), and used the resulting parameters in the Soil-Canopy Observation, Photochemistry and Energy (SCOPE) model to simulate An and gross primary productivity (GPP). Vcmax,25 differed by up to fourfold across tools, with consistent fingerprints across crops. Pooled sensitivities identified mesophyll conductance (gm) and limiting-rate selection as the dominant drivers of between-tool spread. In SCOPE, using the same assumptions in simulation as in parameter estimation kept leaf An errors below 9%, while mismatched assumptions produced An deviations -68% to +81% across crops and soybean GPP shifts -12% to +20%. Vcmax,25 is transportable only with its assumptions. Users should align gm, limiting-rate, and kinetic settings with intended simulations or treat catalogued values as priors unless recomputed from raw An-Ci data.

The cooperative project "POLypharmacy, drug interActions and Risks" (POLAR_MI) of the Medical Informatics Initiative Germany (MII) aimed at detecting medication-related risks attributed to polymedication in adult patients from German university hospitals. Here, we report technological challenges and solutions to undertake this large-scale multicentre project relying on routine healthcare data stored and processed by the data integration centres, which were recently established at the German university hospitals. We developed and implemented a two-step, privacy-preserving, distributed analysis approach to analyse clinical routine healthcare data relying on the internationally balloted MII HL7® FHIR® core data set specifications (version 1.0). In this approach, without direct data access for the data analysts, a local data aggregation step comprising data extraction, transformation (including statistical analyses) and loading (ETL) at each university hospital's data integration centre was followed by a central random-effects meta-analysis. Using an iterative procedure between data integration centres and the cross-institutional analysis team, we overcame many challenges and established the "POLAR_MI ETL Pipeline". These challenges originated from the heterogeneity of the data integration centres and the IT infrastructure of the related university hospitals including their local hospital information system. Applying our pipeline, we analysed data from ten centres on nearly 800,000 encounters from about 500,000 patients. For the first time within the MII infrastructure, we demonstrated that a project on routine healthcare data is feasible using a distributed analysis approach based on the recently established network of data integration centres in Germany. We describe an approach to obtain a valuable and insightful overview of health risks in routine healthcare and share the related code. Moreover, we propose improvements to the ETL process for future distributed analyses. Finally, our data-related challenges and solutions can be adapted to other healthcare settings (in other countries and initiatives, respectively) as long as data integration centres equivalents and a common data format/model are available. POLAR_MI was registered on 27/11/2020 in the "HMA-EMA Catalogues of real-world data sources and studies" (EU PAS number: EUPAS36582).

Raramuri Criollo (RC) cattle from Mexico have special genetic and resilience characteristics which have positioned them as an important alternative for future meat production under arid conditions. Despite the remarkable hardiness of RC cattle, their meat has been anecdotally catalogued as lean, tough and unattractive for consumption. However, abundant information about RC meat quality has not been documented to date. This study evaluated technological characteristics and tenderness of Longissimus lumborum muscle from Raramuri Criollo cattle compared to a commercial Hereford × Angus (H × A) crossbreed during dry ageing. pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), Warner-Bratzler shear force (SF), and instrumental colour were analyzed at 0, 15 and 30 d of ageing. pH values remained within the normal physiological range (5.4-5.5) for high-quality beef in both genetic groups. WHC showed significant differences among days of ageing, but not by racial group (p > 0.05). Additionally, RC beef demonstrated higher chromatic stability than H × A meat during ageing. Meat from H × A animals exhibited faster early tenderization, while RC beef showed a more gradual and sustained reduction in SF, with RC reaching lower SF than meat from crossbred animals by d 30 of ageing. From day 0 to day 15 SF decreased by 9.48 N and 12.16 N for RC and H × A meat, respectively, while from day 16 to day 30 the SF showed decreases of 4.73 and 2.11 N for RC and H × A meat respectively. In conclusion, RC meat is as tender as H × A after 30 d ageing without deterioration in its technological properties. These findings highlight the potential of RC to produce competitive tender meat, supporting valorisation of indigenous cattle genetic resources as a viable strategy for sustainable beef production in arid environments.

Background : Adapting evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to fit local contexts while preserving fidelity to core mechanisms is challenging, particularly for complex, multicomponent interventions. The Core Functions and Forms (CFF) model distinguishes essential intervention mechanisms (core functions) from adaptable delivery strategies (forms), offering a principled approach to balance fidelity and tailoring. We applied CFF to adapt hospital discharge EBIs for patients with non-English language preference (NELP). Methods : Using Steps 1 and 2 of the ADAPT framework integrated with CFF, we convened an Adaptation Team to (1) rate the importance of core functions for NELP discharge care, (2) generate and evaluate forms-divided into specific forms (concrete components) and cross-cutting forms (e.g., who delivers, when, where, and how)-and (3) refine a pilot intervention. We collected participant demographics, audio-recorded and transcribed four facilitated meetings, and administered structured ranking and rating surveys via REDCap. Two analysts conducted rapid content extraction within one week of each meeting to compile ideas for subsequent rounds. Quantitative synthesis included mean importance rankings and mean impact and feasibility scores (1-10 scale). Specific forms were catalogued by corresponding core function. Results : The Adaptation Team (n=13) included clinicians, nurses, professional interpreters, social workers, and patient/caregiver representatives with lived NELP experience. The highest-ranked core functions were "understand and address patient priorities" and "assess and address linguistic and cultural needs." For intervention delivery, physicians were rated highest for impact (mean=9.5) but lowest for feasibility (mean=4.8), while nurses, social workers, and community health workers offered better balance with high impact (mean range 8.1-8.5) and greater feasibility (mean range 7.3-7.4). In-person contact during admission plus post-discharge follow-up was rated most impactful (mean=9.4) but least feasible (mean=4.3), though feasibility improved with remote delivery (mean=8.0). For language concordance, remote delivery by a language-concordant provider best balanced impact (mean=8.1) and feasibility (mean=8.3). Conclusions : This work demonstrates operational integration of CFF into ADAPT, coupling theory-driven function specification with systematic stakeholder engagement. Key innovations include applying CFF across a family of related discharge EBIs to enable reuse of shared mechanisms and explicitly separating specific from cross-cutting forms to highlight implementation-relevant decisions.

DNA methylation (DNAm) has emerged as one of the most promising molecular biomarkers for age estimation (AE), offering a powerful complement to traditional anthropological and radiological methods. Its potential spans forensic, biomedical, and humanitarian domains, particularly in the identification of deceased individuals and the estimation of legal age in living persons. Despite its rapid development, the forensic implementation of DNAm-based AE models remains challenged by issues of validation, dataset diversity, and tissue-specific variability. This survey provides an up-to-date overview of DNAm-based AE models developed between 2019 and 2025. We catalogued and analyzed published models according to their data origin, tissue type, methylation quantification method, and mathematical approach. We also distinguish between models designed to estimate chronological age in living individuals and those focused on age-at-death estimation in deceased persons. Our analysis highlights trends toward tissue-specific model optimization, targeted approaches with a small number of markers, and the integration of machine learning to improve predictive performance. Special attention is given to the development of pediatric and young-adult epigenetic clocks tailored to the estimation of legal age, an area with growing societal and humanitarian relevance, particularly in migration and child protection contexts. By identifying the main methodological advances, limitations, and challenges, this review outlines a roadmap for the next generation of DNAm-based AE models, emphasizing the need for standardized validation protocols, increased population diversity, and interdisciplinary approaches that integrate molecular, radiological, and computational tools.

Excess riverine phosphorus represents a preeminent catalyst for water quality degradation. Spatial mapping and characterization of the net gain and loss of riverine phosphorus help discern the critical source areas. Here, we developed a dataset encompassing phosphate ( PO 4 3 - ) and total phosphorus (TP) gain and loss across catchments in the conterminous United States (CONUS). We compiled 51 394 PO 4 3 - and 285 675 TP concentration measurements and estimated PO 4 3 - and TP loads at 963 and 2317 stations, respectively. Next, we leveraged the upstream-downstream topology information from the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) catchment map at the Hydrologic Unit Catalogue-12 (HUC12) level to derive the net gain and loss of riverine phosphorus across catchments in the CONUS. Such maps can be used to estimate potential contributions of point and non-point sources to riverine phosphorus pollution at refined spatial scales, identify different major factors controlling local riverine P gain and loss compared to P loads, and evaluate watershed model's fidelity for representing riverine P cycling. The resultant dataset is provided in Excel (.xlsx) format, accessible at Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28509317, Wang et al., 2025b). Leveraging the HUC12 information for spatialization, the new datasets aim to address the existing gap in regional characterization of riverine phosphorus and support effective management practices across the CONUS.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute a heterogeneous and predominantly malignant group of neuroendocrine neoplasms that arise from endocrine cells dispersed throughout the body. Their clinical presentation, biological behavior, prognosis, and therapeutic management vary considerably depending on the primary tumor location and hormonal activity. Despite substantial progress in understanding the biology of NETs, identifying reliable molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response remains a major challenge. Increasing attention has therefore been devoted to the molecular characterization of NETs, with particular focus on recurrent genetic alterations that may contribute to tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and recent findings referring to certain genes involved in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic and intestinal neuroendocrine tumors. We chose the genes based on data from the COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) database, which compiles somatic mutations identified across numerous human cancers. We outline the biological functions of these changes and discuss their potential prognostic and predictive role as molecular markers. We also discuss their clinical relevance in both sporadic and familial forms of NETs, alongside their implications for future research and personalized management strategies.

Significant physiatric workforce disparities exist across the United States (US), linked to regional presence of academic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) departments. This analysis provides an updated catalogue of PM&R departments and divisions at US medical schools to appraise growth trends, geographic distribution, and naming variability. Findings reveal regional differences. The Northeast has the highest concentration of PM&R academic entities, with 74.1% of medical schools having a PM&R affiliation, compared to only 32.1% in the South, 38.5% in the West, and 54.2% in the Central region. Likewise, since 2018, PM&R's academic growth has failed to match the pace of new medical school creation in all regions but the Northeast, despite creation of new PM&R departments or divisions in all but one region. Additionally, PM&R departmental and divisional names were noted to be variable. While most entities were named "Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation," others employed names such as "Rehabilitation Medicine," "Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine," and "Rehabilitation and Human Performance." Overall, persistent geographic disparities in academic physiatry are seen with PM&R's growth failing to match the pace of medical school growth, likely propagating workforce disparities. It is unclear if the name variability undermines the mission, public perception, or academic value of PM&R.

Chromatin regulatory genes are essential for orchestrating neurodevelopment by controlling DNA accessibility and the expression of genes required for neuronal differentiation and maturation. Mutations affecting these regulators-including histone modifiers, chromatin remodelers, and chromatin-binding factors-are a major cause of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), many of which display overlapping yet mechanistically heterogeneous clinical features. As the catalogue of chromatin-related NDD genes has expanded, so too has the availability of phenotypic, functional, and pathway annotations. However, these data remain dispersed across multiple resources, making it difficult to integrate them in order to systematically compare genes or explore shared mechanisms. Existing platforms such as the Human Phenotype Ontology and the Monarch Initiative offer powerful phenotype-gene mapping tools, but they operate across the full genomic space and do not provide the focused framework needed to examine chromatin-related NDD genes as a coherent group. We present CRONDEX (ChROmatin and NeuroDevelopmental disorder-related genes EXploratory platform), a user-friendly web resource developed to meet this need by supporting integrative exploration of relationships among chromatin-related genes implicated in NDDs. The database was constructed by intersecting curated chromatin (EpiFactors) and neurodevelopmental (SysNDD+Orphanet+SFARI+NDD-GeneHub) gene sets while excluding transcription factors, and enriched with annotations from Gene Ontology, KEGG, and the Human Phenotype Ontology. CRONDEX provides two complementary query modes: (i) a Gene-Based Query, which identifies genes with phenotypic profiles similar to a user-defined target using Jaccard similarity metrics; and (ii) a Criteria-Based Query, which retrieves genes matching specific phenotypic, functional, or pathway filters. Through representative examples, we show how the Gene-Based Query recovers biologically coherent relationships-from paralogous pairs such as CREBBP-EP300 to functionally convergent modules like the BAFopathies-while the Criteria-Based Query enables hypothesis-driven exploration, exemplified by the intersection of thermogenesis and chromatin-related NDDs, and by chromatin-binding genes linked to status epilepticus. By enabling rapid, integrative, and hypothesis-oriented analyses, CRONDEX facilitates the discovery of shared mechanisms across chromatin-related NDDs and supports both basic and translational research. The platform is freely accessible at https://jgf-bioinfo.shinyapps.io/CRONDEX/. CRONDEX provides a domain-focused platform that enables phenotype-guided exploration of chromatin-related genes, supporting mechanistic hypothesis generation in NDDs.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern, and antimicrobial use in animal agriculture represents an important component of broader One Health stewardship efforts. While veterinary antimicrobial policies have traditionally emphasized prescribing rules and professional behavior, less is known about how economic regulations governing pharmaceutical markets shape incentives linked to antimicrobial use. This study examines the effects of France's 2015 ban on commercial rebates and discounts on veterinary antimicrobial prices. Using listed product prices from purchase catalogues obtained from veterinary practices sourcing products through a leading French wholesaler from 2013 to 2021, we apply an interrupted time series design combined with a hedonic pricing framework to assess policy-related price dynamics. The hedonic results indicate substantial price segmentation by antimicrobial criticality, target species, administration route, marketing authorization status, and manufacturer size. The interrupted time series results show that the ban was associated with an immediate price decline of approximately 15% at implementation and a subsequent weakening of the pre-existing upward price trend. Price responses were largely uniform across critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) and non-CIAs, with only minor divergence in longer-run trends by antimicrobial criticality. Evidence of anticipatory price adjustments following the policy's announcement further suggests that market actors responded to regulatory signals before formal implementation. These findings indicate that regulatory interventions targeting financial arrangements in veterinary pharmaceutical markets can alter pricing incentives and complement traditional stewardship strategies by reshaping the economic context in which antimicrobial use decisions are made.

Thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive, and radiation-free tool for real-time bedside monitoring of regional lung ventilation and perfusion. Its unique ability to visualize spatial and temporal heterogeneity has established clinical value across intensive care, perioperative management, and chronic respiratory disease settings. Despite decades of recognized potential, the global translation of EIT from laboratory research to routine clinical practice has faced significant challenges, including high device costs, lack of standardization and guidelines, workflow integration challenges, and insufficient evidence linking its use to clinical outcomes. China's experience over the past decade presents a compelling and instructive case of rapid adoption that contrasts sharply with the slower global pace. Unlike prior descriptive reviews that catalogued milestones achieved, this article provided an analytical framework that examined how and why this accelerated translation occurred in China. It first evaluated the specific clinical value driving adoption across diverse scenarios. It then identified the distinctive ecosystem that enabled this rapid translation. Several factors worked synergistically: rapid clinical validation was achieved through China's vast hospital network. Domestic industry innovation drove down device costs and improved portability. Chinese researchers provided proactive leadership in building national and international standards. Most importantly, strategic government support-including reimbursement policies-removed economic barriers to adoption. Transferable lessons from this model were discussed for overcoming implementation barriers and accelerating the adoption of innovative medical technologies globally.