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We consider a bipolar Euler-Riesz system and rigorously justify the high-friction limit of weak solutions towards a bipolar aggregation-diffusion system with Riesz interactions. The analysis is carried out via the relative entropy method in the regime where smooth solutions of the limiting equations exist. This extends previous results on the high-friction limit of bipolar Euler-Poisson systems to a more general class of interactions, and extends the one-species Euler-Riesz case to the bipolar setting.

Bipolar fuzzy relation equations arise as a generalization of fuzzy relation equations considering unknown variables together with their logical connective negations. The occurrence of a variable and the occurrence of its negation simultaneously can give very useful information for certain frameworks where the human reasoning plays a key role. Hence, the resolution of bipolar fuzzy relation equations systems is a research topic of great interest. This paper focuses on the study of bipolar fuzzy relation equations systems based on the max-product t-norm composition. Specifically, the solvability and the algebraic structure of the set of solutions of these bipolar equations systems will be studied, including the case in which such systems are composed of equations whose independent term be equal to zero. As a consequence, this paper complements the contribution carried out by the authors on the solvability of bipolar max-product fuzzy relation equations.

In this paper we introduce the concept of multiple bipolar fuzzy measures as a generalization of a bipolar fuzzy measure. We also propose a new definition of a group, which is based on the multidimensional bipolar fuzzy relations of its elements. Taking into account this information, we provide a novel procedure (based on the well-known Louvain algorithm) to deal with community detection problems. This new method considers the multidimensional bipolar information provided by multiple bipolar fuzzy measures, as well as the information provided by a graph. We also give some detailed computational tests, obtained from the application of this algorithm in several benchmark models.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector spaces and study their basic properties. In this regard, at first some new operation and external hyperoperation are defined on bipolar fuzzy soft sets over hypervector space V, related to the operation and external hyperoperation of V. Then the notion of bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector space is defined, supported by non-trivial examples, and it is investigated that the new bipolar fuzzy soft sets, constructed by the mentioned operation and hyperoperation, are bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector spaces. Finally, the behavior of bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector spaces under linear transformations is studied.

In this paper, three topics in bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector spaces are investigated. At first, four equivalent conditions to definition of a bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector space are presented, from different point of views. Then some new bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector spaces are constructed, using the notions of subhyperspace, level subset, generated subhyperspace and previous bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector spaces. Finally, normal bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector spaces is studied, as an especial kind of bipolar fuzzy soft hypervector spaces. All concepts are supported by interesting examples.

Thermoelectricity is generally understood as a classical effect emerging from energy-dependent transport asymmetries. Here we uncover a purely quantum mechanism, where a superconducting S-I-S' tunnel junction in thermal equilibrium develops a nonlinear bipolar thermoelectric response owing to the dynamical Coulomb blockade and the emission-absorption imbalance of a cold electromagnetic bath. Two representative environments are analysed, revealing Seebeck coefficients up to 100 $μ$V/K for realistic junction parameters. Because the response directly reflects the spectral properties of the surrounding environment, our results suggest that bipolar quantum thermoelectricity could provide a new route for spectroscopic sensing of electromagnetic modes and for designing low-temperature thermoelectric devices with environmentally engineered performance.

In this paper, we introduce concept of bipolar neutrosophic set and its some operations. Also, we propose score, certainty and accuracy functions to compare the bipolar neutrosophic sets. Then, we develop the bipolar neutrosophic weighted average operator and bipolar neutrosophic weighted geometric operatör to aggregate the bipolar neutrosophic information. Furthermore, based on the neutrosophic weighted geometric(aritmetic) operatör and the score, certainty and accuracy functions, we develop a bipolar neutrosophic multiple criteria decision-making approach, in which the evaluation values of alternatives on the attributes take the form of bipolar neutrosophic numbers to select the most desirable one(s). Finally, a numerical example of the method was given to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the developed method.

Argument graphs provide an abstract representation of an argumentative situation. A bipolar argument graph is a directed graph where each node denotes an argument, and each arc denotes the influence of one argument on another. Here we assume that the influence is supporting, attacking, or ambiguous. In a bipolar argument graph, each argument is atomic and so it has no internal structure. Yet to better understand the nature of the individual arguments, and how they interact, it is important to consider their internal structure. To address this need, this paper presents a framework based on the use of logical arguments to instantiate bipolar argument graphs, and a set of possible constraints on instantiating arguments that take into account the internal structure of the arguments, and the types of relationship between arguments.

In this article, we combine the concept of a bipolar fuzzy set and a soft set. We introduce the notion of bipolar fuzzy soft set and study fundamental properties. We study basic operations on bipolar fuzzy soft set. We define exdended union, intersection of two bipolar fuzzy soft set. We also give an application of bipolar fuzzy soft set into decision making problem. We give a general algorithm to solve decision making problems by using bipolar fuzzy soft set.

We theoretically study the quasiparticle current behaviour of a thermally-biased bipolar thermoelectrical superconducting quantum interference proximity transistor, formed by a normal metal wire embedded in a superconducting ring and tunnel-coupled to a superconducting probe. In this configuration, the superconducting gap of the wire can be modified through an applied magnetic flux. We analyse the thermoelectric response as a function of magnetic flux, at fixed temperatures, in the case of a device made of the same superconductor. We demonstrate magnetically controllable, bipolar thermoelectric behaviour and discuss optimal working conditions by looking at the thermoelectric power and other figures of merit of the device.

The bipolar filtration introduced by T. Cochran, S. Harvey, and P. Horn is a framework for the study of smooth concordance of topologically slice knots and links. It is known that there are topologically slice 1-bipolar knots which are not 2-bipolar. For knots, this is the highest known level at which the filtration does not stabilize. For the case of links with two or more components, we prove that the filtration does not stabilize at any level: for any n, there are topologically slice links which are n-bipolar but not (n+1)-bipolar. In the proof we describe an explicit geometric construction which raises the bipolar height of certain links exactly by one. We show this using the covering link calculus. Furthermore we discover that the bipolar filtration of the group of topologically slice string links modulo smooth concordance has a rich algebraic structure.

We present near-IR K-band intermediate-dispersion spatially-resolved spectroscopic observations of a limited sample of bipolar planetary nebulae (PNe). The spectra have been used to determine the excitation mechanism of the H2 molecule using standard line ratios diagnostics. The H2 molecule is predominantly shock-excited in bipolar PNe with broad equatorial rings, whereas bipolar PNe with narrow equatorial waists present either UV excitation at their cores (e.g., Hb 12) or shock-excitation at their bipolar lobes (e.g., M1-92). The shock-excitation among bipolar PNe with ring is found to be correlated with emission in the H2 1-0 S(1) line brighter than Brγ. We have extended this investigation to other PNe with available near-IR spectroscopic observations. This confirms that bipolar PNe with equatorial rings are in average brighter in H2 than in Brγ and show dominant shock excitation.

In the paper we introduce a novel bipolar morphological neuron and bipolar morphological layer models. The models use only such operations as addition, subtraction and maximum inside the neuron and exponent and logarithm as activation functions for the layer. The proposed models unlike previously introduced morphological neural networks approximate the classical computations and show better recognition results. We also propose layer-by-layer approach to train the bipolar morphological networks, which can be further developed to an incremental approach for separate neurons to get higher accuracy. Both these approaches do not require special training algorithms and can use a variety of gradient descent methods. To demonstrate efficiency of the proposed model we consider classical convolutional neural networks and convert the pre-trained convolutional layers to the bipolar morphological layers. Seeing that the experiments on recognition of MNIST and MRZ symbols show only moderate decrease of accuracy after conversion and training, bipolar neuron model can provide faster inference and be very useful in mobile and embedded systems.

Seven out of ten people with bipolar disorder are initially misdiagnosed and thirty percent of individuals with bipolar disorder will commit suicide. Identifying the early phases of the disorder is one of the key components for reducing the full development of the disorder. In this study, we aim at leveraging the data from social media to design predictive models, which utilize the psychological and phonological features, to determine the onset period of bipolar disorder and provide insights on its prodrome. This study makes these discoveries possible by employing a novel data collection process, coined as Time-specific Subconscious Crowdsourcing, which helps collect a reliable dataset that supplements diagnosis information from people suffering from bipolar disorder. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed models could greatly contribute to the regular assessments of people with bipolar disorder, which is important in the primary care setting.

In decision analysis and especially in multiple criteria decision analysis, several non additive integrals have been introduced in the last sixty years. Among them, we remember the Choquet integral, the Shilkret integral and the Sugeno integral. Recently, the bipolar Choquet integral has been proposed for the case in which the underlying scale is bipolar. In this paper we propose the bipolar Shilkret integral and the bipolar Sugeno integral. Moreover, we provide an axiomatic characterization of all these three bipolar fuzzy integrals.

We have studied the concept of bipolarity of information in the soft sets. We have defined bipolar soft sets and basic operations of union, intersection and complementation for bipolar soft sets. Examples of bipolar soft sets and an application of bipolar soft sets in a decision making problem with general algorithms have also been presented at the end.

We present near-IR narrow-band continuum-subtracted images in the H$_2$ $2.122μ$m, and Br$γ$ $2.166μ$m emission lines for a sample of 15 bipolar planetary nebulae. H$_2$ emission was definitely detected for most of the objects in this sample (13 out of 15). The very high H$_2$ detection rate supports the idea that bipolar planetary nebulae have important reservoirs of molecular material and offer suitable physical conditions for the excitation of H$_2$. The strength of the H$_2$ emission and the H$_2$/Br$γ$ flux ratio are found to correlate with the morphology of the bipolar nebulae observed. Bipolar PNe with broad and bright rings exhibit stronger H$_2$ emission than bipolar PNe with narrow twists. High-quality (sub-arcsec) [N~{\sc ii}] and H$α$ optical images have been used to compare the distribution of the ionized and molecular material. The H$_2$ emission lies just outside the optical [N~{\sc ii}] emission zone.

Bipolar carrier transport is often a limiting factor in the thermoelectric efficiency of narrow bandgap materials (such as Bi2Te3 and PbTe) at high temperatures due to the introduction of an additional term to the thermal conductivity and a reduction in the Seebeck coefficient. In this work, we present a theoretical investigation into the ability of nanoinclusions to reduce the detrimental effect of bipolar transport. Using the quantum mechanical non equilibrium Greens function (NEGF) transport formalism, we simulate electronic transport through two-dimensional systems containing densely packed nanoinclusions, separated by distances similar to the electron mean free path. Specifically, considering an n type material, where the bipolar effect comes from the valence band, we insert nanoinclusions that impose potential barriers only for the minority holes. We then extract the materials electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and electronic thermal conductivity including its bipolar contribution. We show that nanoinclusions can indeed have some success in reducing the minority carrier transport and the bipolar effect on both the electronic thermal conductivity and the Seebeck coe

This work establishes the relaxation limit from the bipolar Euler-Poisson system to the bipolar drift-diffusion system, for data so that the latter has a smooth solution. A relative energy identity is developed for the bipolar fluid system and is used to show that a dissipative weak solution of the bipolar Euler-Poisson system converges in the high-friction regime to a strong and bounded away from vacuum solution of the bipolar drift-diffusion system.