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Limited empirical evidence exists regarding the experience of United States (US) military nurses who deployed to the first Persian Gulf War. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of US military nurses deployed to the first Persian Gulf War. A qualitative descriptive design was used to complete a secondary analysis of interview data from US military nurses deployed during the first Persian Gulf War. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis following institutional review board approval. The fourteen participants reflected the experiences of Army (n = 6), Navy (n = 7), and Air Force (n = 1) nurses. Waiting was a dominant way participants spent their time during the "short war". We identified 6 dimensions of waiting: (1) between wars, (2) to go to war, (3) for war to begin, (4) despite the war beginning, (5) to return home, and (6) the antithesis to waiting-returning home. Findings from this analysis illustrate that waiting pervaded all phases of deployment. They also add to the scant empirical evidence regarding the experience of military nurses deployed to the first Persian Gulf War. Because waiting is inherent in deployment, policies and practices are needed to guide the constructive use of waiting. A strength of the study, the findings reflect common experiences among nurses across 3 branches of the US military. A limitation of this analysis is the absence of the perspective of nurses who served as flight nurses. Additionally, conducting a secondary analysis limited our ability to explore unanswered questions that arose during analysis. In future studies, investigators are urged to consider the influence of the conflict duration and location, when the deployment occurred during the conflict, and the type of patients seen.

War has often been posited as the antithesis of globalization. This article, however, follows historian Paul Chamberlin in considering how the Cold War might be viewed instead as a moment in which new global linkages, revolving around "flows of arms, capital, technical knowledge, soldiers, and political ideologies," were cemented. Focusing on the town of Martin-the biggest producer of tanks in socialist Czechoslovakia-it shows how military production simultaneously integrated the town and its citizens into transnational financial and intellectual networks and explicitly anti-Western alliances such as the Warsaw Pact. It pinpoints how exactly international linkages shaped processes of tank production, the experiences of tank producers, and indeed, the tanks produced themselves. A study of "military globalization" in Martin between the 1950s until the late 1980s reveals a complex patchwork of new openings and closings, as well as how enmeshed Eastern Europeans' Cold War experiences were with the hot wars that "weaponized" the conflict outside Europe. It ultimately lays bare the role that military industries have historically played in processes of globalization, both within socialist Eastern Europe and beyond.

Caring is a transpersonal concept within the context of the expression from clinical practitioners or researchers to an individual, family, community and policy development. The connections between human health outcomes and the environment are profoundly relevant in harmful algal bloom (HAB) research. Nurses are responsible for integrating science and environmental health into nursing education, research and practice for collaboration, community engagement and policy changes to address patient needs and mitigate adverse environmental changes and health impacts. A theoretical framework is required to guide this work. An analysis of the Bureaucratic Caring Theory (BCT). BCT is a holographic theory that harmonises a dialectical synthesis of thesis (spiritual-ethical) and antithesis (bureaucracy) into a broader meaning of truth or symbiosis. BCT supports (1) co-creation of improved conditions for the community, (2) fostering self-consciousness and an understanding of health to existing Physical, Educational, Legal, Technological, Educational, Economic and Political dimensions unified by Spiritual-cultural meaning and (3) the study of existing theories and models to communicate community member needs and the response of the nursing profession. A theoretical framework was needed to guide practice, education, and research in HAB Human Health Outcomes research. The underpinning of HAB research with BCT aligns with nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research with interprofessional scientists and has significant health care implications. We propose the application of BCT which identifies the seven dimensions of the theory and the 8th central dimension of spiritual-ethical caring to enhance continued scientific inquiry, increased attention to environmental health education, and knowledgeable, caring practice to improve the health and well-being of individuals, families, communities, and the impact of environmental health policy development.

BackgroundPalliative Care, Geriatrics and Emergency physicians are exposed to death, terminally ill patients and distress of patients and their families. As physicians bear witness to patients' suffering, they are vulnerable to the costs of caring-the emotional distress associated with providing compassionate and empathetic care to patients. If left unattended, this may culminate in burnout and compromise professional identity. This study aims to provide a better understanding of suffering across various practice settings and specialties to guide the design of support frameworks for physicians and their patients.MethodsFrom August 2023 to September 2024, semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen Palliative Care, 12 Geriatrics and 13 Emergency physicians from various hospitals in Malaysia. Interview transcripts were analyzed using both inductive and deductive qualitative analyses.ResultsData analysis revealed three key domains: (1) living and dying well, (2) definition of suffering, and (3) impact of patient suffering on physicians.ConclusionPhysicians' concepts of a good life and death frame their notions of suffering beyond the antithesis of a good life. Suffering is found to be distress at a loss of control, independence and dignity, alongside the presence of physical, emotional and existential distress. Witnessing patient suffering predisposes to physician suffering as they question their goals and roles in patient care. Our findings underscore the need for host organizations, hospitals and clinical departments to invest more in the care of their physicians. We believe these findings ought to be applicable to many resource-limited nations and other health care professionals beyond Malaysian shores.

Normative timelines are prescribed and enforced by social institutions that reward a trajectory through linear, teleological life stages. In the West, these timelines are constructed with the ultimate goal of upholding traditional cultural values such as reproductive futurity and capitalistic productivity. They are predicated on the assumption of a homogenous society in that equal opportunity and desire to access each transition is assumed. This ideology effectively construes deviation in the sequence or timing of events as a personal failure rather than cultural difference. Normative constructions of time often lack applicability to individuals of nonnormative identities, whose lives may not unfold in traditional, consecutive, or linear paths. By delineating "on-time" and "off-time" events and, by extension, "right" and "wrong" ways to age, the normative life course acts as a mechanism of oppression employed by social institutions to pathologize individuals of nonnormative identities, particularly in later life. The trans* experience, by defying continuity in body, sexuality, and gender, is an inherent antithesis to the normative life course and a prime opportunity for theoretical scrutinization. This forum article endeavors to trans*form the life course by challenging normative notions of aging, identity, and chronology, drawing primarily from trans* experience, history, and theory.

Oncogenic tyrosine kinase activity of BCR::ABL1 is causally associated with chronic phase (CP) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induces remission in majority of patients. However, in the terminal blast crisis (BC) phase, 80% patients are resistant to TKIs. Forty percent among them are resistant despite inhibition of BCR::ABL1 activity by TKIs and in earlier study, we observed similar antithesis in K562 cells resistant to TKI-imatinib. We demonstrated active BCR::ABL1 signaling downstream of inactivated BCR::ABL1 and its causal association with resistance. This study explores the involvement of ITGB1, integrin with significant role in genesis of CML and differentially expressed in resistant K562 cells, in mediation of atypical activation of BCR::ABL1 pathway and thus resistance. Imatinib-sensitive and resistant K562 cells as well as sensitive cells with ITGB1 knockdown (KD) to mimic resistant cells, were analyzed for proteome and phosphoproteome by mass spectrometry and kinome was profiled by quantification of kinase activities in an array-based assay. The commonality between differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) identified in resistant cells and ITGB1-KD cells together with ITGB1 interactors, identified from ITGB1-immunoprecipitate by mass spectrometry, provided a comprehensive sketch of ITGB1-mediated signaling in resistant cells. The proteins identified as key players in ITGB1-mediated activation of BCR::ABL1 signaling were validated in K562 and KU812 cells, CD34+ cells from patient samples and their functional significance was assessed by inhibition studies in K562 cells. It was observed that the reduced levels of ITGB1 in resistant cells activated BCR::ABL1 downstream signaling kinases- p38MAPK and ERK. Though not influenced by ITGB1, LYN was active in resistant cells. Inhibition studies revealed that p38MAPK, ERK and LYN regulate the activity of each other, thereby explaining ITGB1-independent activation of LYN. The three kinases in turn activate members of CDK, MAPK, AKT and PKC families while ERK alone modulates EPH activity. Thus, reduction in level of ITGB1 in resistant cells leads to activation of ERK and p38MAPK belonging to BCR::ABL1 pathway, despite inactivation of BCR::ABL1, which in turn leads to activation of LYN. Together, these kinases activate members of vital pro-survival pathways, thereby imparting imatinib resistance in CML-BC cells.

Neonatal intensive care units throughout the world strive to provide family-integrated care guided by the family-centred care philosophy. Under the family-integrated model of care, families are considered a member of the healthcare team and the primary caregivers to their newborn. Families experiencing intensive care related to their newborn acquiring hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy shortly before, during or after birth, are commonly prevented from holding or participating in the care of their newborn in the first few days of life. These restrictive practices are the very antithesis of family-centred or family-integrated care. The exclusion of families in the context of family-integrated care may be a result of the dissent amongst families, healthcare providers and scholars worldwide regarding the prioritisation of family-centred care philosophy. The African philosophy of Ubuntu share many of the concepts of family-centred care. This discursive paper will explore the competing frameworks and how the application of Ubuntu philosophy for the care of infants diagnosed with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy lends to holistic care in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Pragmatism in medicine remains largely unacknowledged, undefined and un-described. We argue that it should not be viewed as an antithesis to an evidence-based approach, but rather as a way of solving a clinical problem whilst acknowledging limitations arising from the context in which the care is provided. The imperfection of the approach may be its strength, as uncertainty demands continuous re-appraisal of the situation. Existence of readily available evidence, compiled in a guideline may be an advantage, but is not a prerequisite for success. Indeed, the evidence-based approach is not perfect, and its application meets a number of limitations. We would like to assert that a pragmatic approach focused on seeking the most available, given therapeutic context, solutions remains the most available and efficient in present-day medical practice. It fills many holes between the academic perfection of research and vast heterogeneity of individual patients and clinical contexts.

Curiosity, a crucial trigger of exploration and learning, has been described as the antithesis of mind wandering, a state of non-engagement with the external environment or a given task. Findings have confirmed that music's structure influences levels of curiosity in listeners as they listen and, as such, suggests that this context could be useful in examining the relationship between curiosity and mind wandering. Here, participants were exposed to extended melodies twice, during which they carried out two counterbalanced tasks: one requiring them, whenever probed, to indicate whether they had been mind wandering at that moment and the other requiring them to indicate, when probed, how curious they were feeling about the music at that moment. Critically, participants were probed at the exact same moments in the music when completing the two tasks, allowing the relationship between curiosity and mind wandering to be examined. Results confirmed our prediction of a negative relationship between curiosity and mind wandering, while exploratory analysis further suggested an influence of expertise and the music's information dynamics on patterns of mind wandering. We discuss the implications of our study for understanding music as an exploration-affording sound environment and outline directions for future work.

Although many persuasive messages include imagery, relatively little is known about the potential for the visual components to induce reactance. This research examined the effects of three message variations-camera angle (low vs. eye-level), antithesis (vs. thesis) (i.e., the juxtaposition of contrasting images), and facial expression of emotion (anger vs. happiness)-on reactance and subsequent persuasion. Two experiments (N = 240 and N = 259) using pro-environmental appeals found that variation in each of the visual features was associated with increased perception of threat to freedom, reactance and decreased persuasion. Political conservatives felt more threatened by any message than liberals, but were not differentially sensitive to image variations. This research opens the door for a programmatic analysis of imagery and reactance.

In this article, I propose cabaret methodology as a valuable paradigm for capturing experiences of hormonal contraception in all their complexity. I sought a playful, self-aware and ethically rigorous practice to explore and express the lived experiences of people who use hormonal contraception, including myself. I have spent the past 4 years developing the solo cabaret piece Side FX, which functions as a repository of contraceptive experiences and histories, and queers the clinical encounter through comedic audience participation.The pill is variously configured as an agent of liberation or oppression, a liberal feminist victory or a white feminist weapon. Curiously for such a contentious technology, it is rarely visible in theatre, film or television. Taking the pill is an action so mundane that it rarely ever merits dramatic representation. It is the antithesis of drama done to prevent a sudden and drastic change (pregnancy, motherhood, abortion), yet drastic changes are often felt by the pill-taker, dramatically complicated by their ambiguity. Working within a tradition of feminist health activism, I argue for the importance of maintaining multiplicity while analysing discourse around the pill.Cabaret presents itself as a forum through which to explore, express and trouble the experiences under consideration; a series of turns, connected thematically, hosted by a mercurial, dominant presence, revelling in rug-pulling, sophisticated comedy and contradictions. The application of cabaret to research can allow multiplicity and ambiguity to stand without rejecting the paradigms of research altogether. I argue that these multiple narratives offer a productive ambiguity that reflects how varied individual experiences of hormonal contraception are.