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Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of 36 000 IU recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in the treatment of cancer-related anemia (CRA) and to evaluate whether 36 000 IU rhEPO can serve as a rational "reduced-dose alternative" to the 40 000 IU rhEPO regimen. Methods: The multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial was conducted from March 2023 to July 2024 across 12 hospitals in China, including Liaoning Cancer Hospital. A total of 119 patients with CRA were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive the 36 000 IU rhEPO (n=61) or 40 000 IU rhEPO (n=58). The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in hemoglobin (Hb) levels from baseline at weeks 9-13. Secondary efficacy endpoints included hematologic and other biochemical parameters, transfusion requirements, quality of life (QOL), which was assessed by QOL scores and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores, and overall survival. Safety was evaluated by the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Results: The least-squares mean changes in Hb from baseline to weeks 9-13 were (12.9±2.3) g/L in the 36 000 IU group and (13.4±2.4) g/L in the 40 000 IU group. Analysis of covariance showed no statistically significant difference between groups (F=-0.21, P=0.836), with a between-group difference of (-0.5±2.5) g/L (95% CI: -5.4 g/L, 4.4 g/L). The lower limit of the 95% CI (-5.4 g/L) exceeded the predefined non-inferiority margin of -10 g/L, indicating non-inferiority of the 36 000 IU dose compared to the 40 000 IU. At week 13, the proportions of patients with Hb increase ≥10 g/L were 82.0% (50/61) in the 36 000 IU group and 86.2% (50/58) in the 40 000 IU group, with no significant difference between groups (Qmh=0.40, P=0.527). The average weekly transfusion rate was 2.0% in both groups. No significantly significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of changes in hematocrit, reticulocyte percentage, folate, vitamin B12, albumin, iron metabolism markers, QOL scores, KPS scores, or overall survival (all P＞0.05). Regarding safety, the incidence of TEAE was 80.3% (49/61) in the 36 000 IU group and 84.5% (49/58) in the 40 000 IU group, with nausea, fever, and fatigue being the most common symptoms (incidence＞5%). No drug-related serious adverse events were reported, and there were no significant differences between the groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions: The 36 000 IU dose of rhEPO is non-inferior to the 40 000 IU dose in terms of efficacy and has a favorable safety profile for the treatment of CRA. These findings support the use of 36 000 IU rhEPO as a reasonable clinical option for managing CRA. 目的： 探索36 000 IU重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）治疗肿瘤相关性贫血（CRA）的有效性和安全性，评估36 000 IU rhEPO能否成为40 000 IU rhEPO的合理“减量替代”。 方法： 采用多中心、开放标签、非劣效、随机对照试验设计，于2023年3月至2024年7月在辽宁省肿瘤医院等中国12家医院开展。共纳入119例CRA受试者，根据rhEPO给药剂量规格随机分为36 000 IU组（n=61）和40 000 IU组（n=58）。主要疗效指标为第9～13周血红蛋白（Hb）水平较基线的变化值，次要疗效指标包括血细胞比容等血液生化指标、输血需求、生活质量［生活质量（QOL）评分和卡氏功能状态（KPS）评分］及总生存时间。安全性指标为治疗期不良事件（TEAE）发生率。 结果： 36 000 IU组和40 000 IU组受试者在第9～13周Hb较基线变化值的最小二乘均值分别为（12.9±2.3）g/L与（13.4±2.4）g/L，协方差分析显示组间差异无统计学意义（F=-0.21，P=0.836），组间差值为（-0.5±2.5）g/L（95% CI：-5.4～4.4 g/L），95% CI下限（-5.4 g/L）高于预设的非劣效界值（-10 g/L），表明36 000 IU组相对于40 000 IU组具有非劣效性。在第13周时，36 000 IU组和40 000 IU组Hb升高≥10 g/L的受试者比例分别为82.0%（50/61）和86.2%（50/58），差异无统计学意义（Qmh=0.40，P=0.527），且两组平均周输血率均为2.0%。两组受试者治疗前后的血细胞比容、网织红细胞百分比、叶酸、维生素B12、白蛋白、铁代谢指标、QOL评分、KPS评分以及总生存时间差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。在安全性方面，36 000 IU组和40 000 IU组TEAE发生率分别为80.3%（49/61）与84.5%（49/58），以恶心、发热和乏力症状为主（发生比例高于5%），均未报告任何药物相关严重不良事件，组间差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。 结论： 36 000 IU rhEPO在治疗CRA方面对比40 000 IU rhEPO具有非劣效性，且安全性良好，36 000 IU剂量可作为临床治疗CRA的合理选择。.

Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Belimumab for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients to Predict the Withdrawal Time in Pregnancy and Vaccine Time in Infants.

PubMed2026-05-03作者：Zhou P, Zhong C, Ke M

Belimumab (BEL) is a monoclonal antibody that targets B cell activating factor (BAFF) and has been approved for treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, its optimal withdrawal time during pregnancy and the appropriate vaccine timing for infants remain unresolved. This study aimed to analyze variations in the plasma concentrations of BEL in pregnant SLE patients and infants using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Additionally, it provided evidence-based guidance on drug withdrawal timing and infant vaccination schedules. A PBPK model was developed and validated through comparison with drug concentrations in clinical data. The results showed that most observed values were within 0.5 to 2 times the predicted values, indicating that the model successfully predicted the concentration-time profiles of BEL in pregnant SLE patients, fetuses, and infants. The PBPK model shows that both the IV 10 mg/kg every 4 weeks and the subcutaneous 3 mg/kg weekly (each dose of approximately 200 mg) regimen during pregnancy can keep maternal and fetal exposures within the range of the assumed appropriate exposure level for fetal safety. Subsequently, the PBPK model predicts that discontinuing the intravenous 10 mg/kg regimen at least three weeks before delivery and stopping the subcutaneous 3 mg/kg weekly or 4 mg/kg bi-weekly regimen two weeks prior to delivery would minimize neonatal exposure. Furthermore, the model predicts that the clearance of belimumab will persist until 6.5 to 7 months after birth, when vaccination may be considered if the immune system has recovered by this time. This work offers a PBPK-based quantitative reference for BEL pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and infancy and may help optimize treatment planning in pregnant patients with SLE. The findings should be interpreted as model-informed and require further validation.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences

Childhood trauma and impulsivity in children with first-episode depression: mediation by left frontopolar thickness.

PubMed2026-05-05作者：Luo H, Jafri CZ, Wang X

Childhood trauma is a key risk factor for adolescent depression, often associated with elevated levels of impulsivity. The Frontopolar Cortex (FPC), critical for executive control and impulse regulation, may be linked to this relationship, but its mechanistic role has not yet been fully elucidated. We examined 54 drug-naïve adolescents with first-episode Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 43 Healthy Controls (HCs), assessing trauma via the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and impulsivity via the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to measure FPC thickness. Compared to HCs, MDD patients reported higher levels of trauma and impulsivity, with trauma exposure showing some variation across high and low impulsivity subgroups. The high-impulsivity subgroup exhibited significant left FPC thinning. Mediation analyses suggested that left FPC thickness might be associated with the relationship between childhood trauma and impulsivity, indicating a potential trauma-brain-behavior relationship. These results suggest that the FPC is a neural region involved in early adversity and impulsivity in depression. Clinically, targeting FPC-related circuits may potentially help mitigate impulsive behaviors and improve emotion regulation. Future research should explore the developmental mechanisms by which childhood trauma reshapes brain structure and influences behavioral outcomes in adolescent depression.Clinical trial number Not applicable.

BMC psychiatry

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[Study on the causal relationship between serum albumin and carpal tunnel syndrome and the mediating role of leptin].

PubMed2026-04-20作者：Zheng JX, Zhong SW, Yang Y

Objective: To evaluate the causal association between serum albumin and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and to investigate the mediating role of leptin in this relationship. Methods: In April 2025, data on serum albumin, leptin (adjusted for body mass index), and CTS from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and FinnGen public databases were collected for a two-way, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Causal analyses were performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median estimator, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. The robustness of the results was tested using Cochran's Q statistic, MR-Egger intercept test, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. A two-step approach was used to analyze the mediating effect of leptin between serum albumin and CTS. Results: The IVW analysis showed that elevated serum albumin levels significantly increased the risk of CTS (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.00-1.38, P=0.045), and the results from the weighted median estimator and weighted mode method were consistent with the IVW direction and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Mediation analysis revealed a significant negative causal effect between serum albumin and leptin (OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.28-0.68, P<0.001), and elevated leptin levels significantly reduced the risk of CTS (OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.68-0.94, P=0.006). Leptin played a key mediating role in the path of serum albumin affecting CTS (β(indirect)=0.190, P=0.027), with a mediation proportion of 118%. Reverse MR analysis showed that the causal effect of CTS on serum albumin was not statistically significant (OR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.04, P=0.889). There were no statistically significant differences in the heterogeneity test (Cochran's Q=20.68, P=0.079) and multi-effect test (MR-Egger intercept value -0.004, P=0.684; MR-PRESSO global P=0.067) . Conclusion: There is a positive causal relationship between serum albumin level and the risk of CTS, and leptin level plays an important mediating role in this pathway, suggesting that albumin may indirectly increase the risk of CTS through the modulation of leptin, and provide new genetic clues for the identification of people at high risk of CTS. 目的： 评估血清白蛋白与腕管综合征（carpal tunnel syndrome，CTS）之间的因果关联，并探讨瘦素在其中的中介作用。 方法： 于2025年4月，收集全基因组关联研究（Genome-Wide Association Studies，GWAS）和FinnGen公开数据库的血清白蛋白、瘦素（经身体质量指数调整）及CTS数据进行双向双样本孟德尔随机化（Mendelian randomization，MR）分析。用逆方差加权法（inverse variance weighted，IVW）、加权中位数法、MR-Egger、简单模型法、加权模型法进行因果分析，用Cochran's Q统计量、MR-Egger截距、孟德尔随机化多效性残差与离群值（Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier，MR-PRESSO）来检验结果的稳健性，用两步法分析瘦素在血清白蛋白与CTS之间的中介效应。 结果： IVW分析结果显示，血清白蛋白水平升高会明显增加CTS风险（OR=1.18，95%CI：1.00~1.38，P=0.045），加权中位数法、加权模型法结果与IVW方向一致且差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。中介分析显示，血清白蛋白与瘦素存在明显的负向因果效应（OR=0.44，95%CI：0.28~0.68，P<0.001），瘦素水平增加会明显降低CTS风险（OR=0.79，95%CI：0.68~0.94，P=0.006），瘦素在血清白蛋白影响CTS路径中发挥关键的中介作用（β(间接)=0.190，P=0.027），中介效应比为118%。反向MR分析显示，CTS对血清白蛋白的因果效应无统计学意义（OR=1.00，95%CI：0.97~1.04，P=0.889）。异质性检验（Cochran's Q=20.68，P=0.079）及多效性检验（MR-Egger截距值-0.004，P=0.684；MR-PRESSO P=0.067）差异均无统计学意义。 结论： 血清白蛋白水平与CTS风险之间存在正向因果关联，瘦素水平在通路中发挥重要中介作用，提示白蛋白可能通过调控瘦素间接增加CTS的发生风险，为识别CTS高风险人群提供遗传学线索。.

Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases

Efficacy and safety of local consolidative therapy combined with systemic therapy in driver-negative oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed2026-01-01作者：Han H, Li L, Park T

Oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a potentially modifiable stage of metastatic disease, however, the survival benefit of local consolidative therapy (LCT) in patients without actionable driver mutations remains uncertain in the era of immunotherapy. To address this clinically relevant controversy, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding LCT to systemic therapy in driver-negative oligometastatic NSCLC. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through December 2025 identified 13 eligible studies including 1,698 patients. Pooled analyses demonstrated that the addition of LCT was significantly associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.36-0.56) and progression-free survival (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.46-0.61) compared with systemic therapy alone. Notably, cumulative meta-analysis showed that the survival advantage remained stable as evidence accrued over time, underscoring the consistency of the treatment effect. LCT was also associated with a higher objective response rate (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12-1.93) without a significant increase in treatment-related adverse events (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.93-1.84). Importantly, subgroup analyses demonstrated that the survival benefit persisted in studies incorporating immunotherapy-based regimens, suggesting that LCT retains clinical value even within contemporary systemic treatment paradigms. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and no significant publication bias was detected. Collectively, these results indicate that integrating LCT into systemic therapy is associated with meaningful survival gains in driver-negative oligometastatic NSCLC without added toxicity, supporting a risk-adapted, multidisciplinary treatment strategy in the modern immunotherapy era. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261351878.

Frontiers in oncology

Dynamic protein-polysaccharide hydrogels with spatiotemporal controlled delivery for brain microenvironment remodeling and neural regeneration of intracerebral hemorrhage stroke.

PubMed2026-05-02作者：Wan L, Xu J, Wang X

The treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains highly challenging, primarily due to its dynamic and multifaceted pathologies, which create a hostile microenvironment at the lesion site characterized by a ROS-inflammation-glial scar feedback loop and severely impaired neural regeneration. Herein, a dynamic protein-polysaccharide hydrogel is designed, constructed by a visible light-induced thiol-disulfide exchange reaction as a general strategy, and integrated with a spatiotemporal controlled delivery of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Thiolated gelatin and thiolated hyaluronan were chosen to formulate the hydrogel that mimics brain ECM providing structure support with cell adhesion, infiltration, and tunable degradability, but also presents anti-swelling and pro-coagulant capacities. Importantly, the thiol-disulfide chemistry endowed the hydrogel efficient ROS scavenging and ROS-responsive on-demand release of ChABC, while MSNs loading achieved a sustained release of IGF-1. In vitro studies, the hydrogel is shown to reduce cellular ROS, regulate anti-inflammation polarization of macrophages via the MAPK signaling pathway, and promote neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation, migration, differentiation and endothelial angiogenesis. Moreover, in an ICH mouse model, the hydrogel is demonstrated not only to enable efficient tissue ROS scavenging, anti-inflammation polarization of microglial/macrophages, and dynamical self-adaptive reduction of glial scar, achieving microenvironment remodeling, but also to regulate behaviors of endogenous NSCs and enhance angiogenesis, providing neural regeneration. Consequently, these effects enhanced neurons and myelin repair, ultimately contributing to synergistic recovery of neurological function. Overall, this dynamic hydrogel represents a promising strategy for simultanously remodeling the lesion site's microenvironment and promoting neural regeneration, thereby improving the treatment efficacy of ICH.

Biomaterials

Association of preadmission metformin use and prognosis in patients with sepsis with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed2026-01-01作者：Zhang M, Lin Z, Chen C

Preadmission metformin may lower mortality in diabetic sepsis patients, but evidence is conflicting, necessitating a systematic review and meta-analysis for confirmation. We systematically searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to September 1, 2025, for cohort studies evaluating metformin use in septic patients with diabetes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA statistical software and Review Manager software, calculating pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals via the inverse variance random-effects model. The MET group included diabetic sepsis patients with preadmission metformin exposure, and the NM group included those without. This meta-analysis of 14 studies (12,687 patients), all with low bias risk, demonstrated that preadmission metformin use in sepsis-diabetes patients was associated with reduced overall mortality (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.44-0.75, P < 0.00001). Significant reductions were observed in 28-day (OR 0.61, P = 0.002), 90-day (OR 0.48, P = 0.001), 365-day (OR 0.33, P = 0.0005), and in-hospital mortality (OR 0.43, P < 0.02). However, 30-day (OR 0.71, P = 0.06), 60-day (OR 0.72, P = 0.22), and ICU mortality (OR 0.76, P = 0.25) showed no significant differences. Notably, metformin also significantly improved serum creatinine (MD -0.32, P = 0.04) and metformin usage was associated with elevated serum lactate levels. This meta-analysis links preadmission metformin use in diabetic sepsis patients to reduced mortality-particularly 28-day, 90-day, 365-day, and in-hospital-along with decreased serum creatinine. Clinically and from a public health standpoint, these data support the integration of metformin history as a favorable prognostic indicator into updated clinical guidelines, thereby informing future antimicrobial stewardship and sepsis bundle strategies. These findings support further evaluation of metformin's benefits in large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials.

Frontiers in endocrinology

A bio-inspired customizable mechanical central pattern generator enables one-to-many scalable pneumatic control.

PubMed2026-05-06作者：Qi Y, Zhao Y, Shao J

As pneumatic robotics evolve toward high-degree-of-freedom arrays with multiple actuators, the conventional one-valve-one-actuator control paradigm inevitably leads to component redundancy and convoluted tubing layouts. To fundamentally reduce the controller's quantity, here we propose a bioinspired customizable mechanical central pattern generator as an entirely electronics-free one-to-many scalable pneumatic control core. As an externally-clocked mechanical central pattern generator analog, this device integrates multi-channel timing logic into a single physical unit, enabling a single pneumatic input to drive multiple output channels in coordinated, predefined sequences and thereby achieving efficient 1:n pneumatic control over multiple actuators. Experimental characterizations of four- and five-channel configurations demonstrate pressure retention rates exceeding 90.8% across varying input pressures and loads. Leveraging discrete and mechanically-latched state transitions, the device decouples its internal clock from external load dynamics, ensuring exceptional sequence fidelity even under physical disturbances. Applications involving a three-chamber pipeline robot, a point-to-point material handling system, and a five-fingered dexterous hand comprehensively demonstrate the device's remarkable multi-channel coordination, scalability, and customizability. By embedding control logic into its physical structure, this work fundamentally breaks the coupling between system complexity and controller count, providing a new paradigm for electronics-free and autonomous pneumatic systems.

Communications engineering

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Establishing a transdisciplinary competency framework for interdisciplinary case management practice in long-term care: a participatory Delphi study.

PubMed2026-05-04作者：Huang Y, Xia N, Lou VW

The World Health Organization has identified the long-term care system as a critical area for enhancing the health and quality of life of older adults. Within this system, case management is a prevalent service delivery model implemented by interdisciplinary teams comprising professionals from various sectors. However, the absence of a comprehensive transdisciplinary competency framework applicable across different disciplines obstructs the development of relevant training programs and hinders workforce capacity building and professionalization. This study was conducted in the context of Hong Kong's long-term care system and aimed to establish a transdisciplinary competency framework through expert consensus to advance case management practices. This study employed an online five-stage participatory Delphi approach, with two rounds of questionnaire surveys and three roundtable discussions. The expert panel featured 40 health and social care professionals in the long-term care field. Their task was to develop a list of essential competencies for the long-term care workforce in case management. To determine the list of competencies, metrics such as the percentage of agreement, mean rating scores for each statement, and interquartile range were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale that measured clarity, relevance, and importance. The panel reached consensus on a comprehensive transdisciplinary framework that includes 49 competencies organized into six key domains: overarching values; knowledge of long-term care and case management practices; assessment skills; analytical and intervention skills; communication skills and teamwork; and advocacy. Experts highlighted that this framework can significantly improve the capacity-building efforts of interdisciplinary teams involved in long-term care case management. The competencies are further organized into three progressive levels-basic, intermediate, and advanced-to support the growth of practitioners' professional skills. The proposed transdisciplinary competency framework provides a foundation for developing and implementing training curricula for frontline professionals in the long-term care sector. Governments can utilize this framework to create career progression pathways that attract more talent to the field and enhance the supervision and evaluation of practitioners' competencies. This approach will help ensure the quality of long-term care services.

Human resources for health

Gabaergic modulation alleviates auditory hypersensitivity and neuroinflammation in sodium salicylate-treated male mice.

PubMed2026-05-03作者：Zhong H, Pan C, Zhao Y

Auditory hypersensitivity, or hyperacusis, is characterized by increased sensitivity to sound and is often associated with tinnitus, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms of sodium salicylate-induced auditory hypersensitivity in mice, focusing on neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and neuronal excitability. Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the model, and auditory sensitivity was evaluated by behavioral testing. Inflammatory cytokines, excitatory receptor expression, and microglial activation in the auditory cortex were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Sodium salicylate treatment increased auditory sensitivity and was accompanied by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced microglial activation, and upregulation of excitatory receptor subunits. Pharmacological inhibition of microglial activation with minocycline attenuated these changes and improved auditory sensitivity. In addition, modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory signaling reduced inflammation, normalized excitatory receptor expression, and alleviated hypersensitivity. These findings suggest that sodium salicylate-induced auditory hypersensitivity involves an interaction between neuroinflammation and neuronal hyperexcitability, and that targeting microglial activation and restoring inhibitory neurotransmission may provide potential therapeutic strategies for hyperacusis and related auditory disorders.

Neuroscience

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GSH-Responsive Nanoparticles Enhance Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy Through Synergistic Effects of Cuproptosis and PI3K Inhibitor Combination.

PubMed2026-05-05作者：Wu L, Na J, Liu X

Cuproptosis, an emerging form of programmed cell death, is capable of inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway contributes to tumor cell progression by reprogramming mitochondrial morphology and function. In this study, we have designed copper complex nanoparticles (NPCu) and PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitor Alpelisib nanoparticles (NPALP) that enhance the efficacy of cuproptosis-based therapies. NPCu triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes the aggregation of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), while NPALP inhibits the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to induce apoptosis. The combination of these two nanoparticles (NPCu+NPALP) effectively activates the antitumor responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). When combined with an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (α-PD-1), NPCu+NPALP significantly inhibits tumor progression and activates antitumor immunity, offering a promising strategy for liver cancer treatment.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

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A General Kinematic Model for Multimodal Locomotion in Bioinspired Robots.

PubMed2026-01-01作者：Hong Z, Fei J, Li W

Locomotion in animals such as fish, snakes, inchworms, and octopuses exhibits a remarkable diversity, with each species utilizing distinct body morphologies and movement strategies. Currently, no existing kinematic model is capable of describing the full range of locomotion exhibited by these animals. Addressing this challenge holds important implications for both the study of biomechanics of animals and the development of bioinspired robots. In this work, we propose a general kinematic model that integrates the curvature equation with a nonlinear oscillator. Through parameter adjustments, its morphology can transition between the motions of various animals. It is the most versatile kinematic model to date for describing multimodal locomotion of animals so far as we know. By translating the general kinematic model into a motion control algorithm and combining it with virtual simulation, we create a motion optimization framework that substantially simplifies the complexity of multimodal control for bionic robots with diverse actuation mechanisms, thereby enhancing their maneuverability. Using fish locomotion as an example, we validate the methodology on an untethered multijoint robotic fish, successfully enabling the robotic fish to perform cruising and various fast turn motions, thereby demonstrating its effectiveness in guiding motion control. This work is believed to have laid the foundation for the study of bionic motion and bioinspired robots.

Research (Washington, D.C.)

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[Chinese expert consensus on NGS-based probe design for tumor comprehensive genomic profiling testing (2026 edition)].

PubMed2026-04-23作者：Tumor Pathology Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association

Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a mainstream approach for clinical diagnosis and treatment with the development of precision oncology. However, as the first stage of NGS testing, probe design has not yet been standardized by a reliable assessment framework. In response to this unmet need, the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, in collaboration with the Tumor Pathology Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, and other authoritative institutions, convened clinical experts, pathologists, and representatives from third-party medical laboratories for in-depth discussions on standardization strategies. The expert panel formulated six core technical consensus statements, including the selection of target genes and regions, gene combination strategies, probe performance evaluation, and probe updates, based on a thorough analysis of both international studies and domestic clinical experience. For the design of the probe pool, this consensus methodically suggests a full-process technical specification. It fills a technical gap in tumor NGS probe design by standardizing probe design, establishing a multi-level performance validation system, and dynamically managing probe modifications. Furthermore, it supports the shift of genomic testing from "clinically available" to "clinically reliable" by offering a scientific basis for the National Medical Products Administration's (NMPA) regulatory review of laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) for oncology. 随着肿瘤精准医学发展，基于二代测序（NGS）的肿瘤全景变异（CGP）检测成为临床诊疗的主流检测手段。然而，作为NGS检测的起始环节，探针设计尚未建立技术标准或评估体系。中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院联合中国抗癌协会病理专委会、中国食品药品检定研究院等权威机构组织临床专家、病理专家及第三方医学检验机构深入研讨，参考国内外文献，结合中国临床实践，针对CGP检测产品的目标基因及目标区域选择、基因组合方式、探针性能评估、探针变更等多个关键环节达成6条纲领性的技术共识，系统提出探针池设计全流程技术规范。共识通过探针设计标准化、多层级性能验证体系的构建及探针动态变更管理，填补了肿瘤NGS探针设计技术标准空白，为国家药品监督管理局对肿瘤NGS实验室自建方法的合规性审查提供科学依据，推动肿瘤基因检测从“临床可用”向“临床可信”转变。.

Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology]

Filtering and Interfacial Interaction Mechanism of TaC for Carbon Inclusions Suppression in PVT-Grown SiC Crystals.

PubMed2026-05-05作者：Wang X, Yang S, Xie X

The presence of carbon inclusions, originating from the nonstoichiometric sublimation of source materials, poses a significant challenge to the quality of silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals grown by the physical vapor transport (PVT) method. To address this issue from a metallurgical process control perspective, this study investigates the application of a filtration structure based on tantalum carbide (TaC). TaC particles were synthesized, and their interfacial evolution during the crystal growth environment was systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results revealed that carbon is progressively adsorbed onto the TaC particles, forming a surface layer. Crucially, the filtration performance is closely related to the surface state of the TaC. Under improper growth conditions, excessive carbon thickening turns the surface from golden-yellow to black-gray, severely impairing its adsorption capacity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate that golden-yellow TaC exhibits a markedly higher carbon adsorption energy (-1.46 eV) than its black-gray state counterpart (-0.82 eV). Crystal growth experiments further demonstrate that maintaining TaC in the golden-yellow state enables stable dynamic filtration during 4H-SiC growth. The resulting 4H-SiC wafers exhibit excellent polytype stability, high crystalline quality, ultralow carbon inclusion density, and extremely low dislocation density. These results confirm the practical feasibility of TaC-based filtration for high-quality, low-defect SiC substrate fabrication. This work not only provides an effective strategy for defect control in SiC crystal growth but also clarifies the underlying mechanisms─specifically, the structure-activity relationship of TaC and its interfacial interaction with C during high-temperature vapor-phase adsorption─thus advancing its practical application in advanced semiconductor material preparation.

ACS applied materials & interfaces

Synergistic therapeutic effect and mechanism of Cryptotanshinone combined with Matrine on ovarian cancer.

PubMed2026-05-06作者：Xu H, Zhao Y, Zhu A

Chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer (OC) poses a significant challenge in clinical treatment, with cisplatin resistance limiting therapeutic efficacy. We aim to explore the inhibitory impact of the synergistic action of Cryptotanshinone and Matrine on OC cells, along with its molecular mechanism, thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for OC management. Cell proliferation was assessed via the CCK-8 assay; apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry; cell migration and invasion were evaluated using the Transwell assay; gene expression was measured with qRT-PCR. A nude mouse xenograft model was established to verify in vivo efficacy. The role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was elucidated through rescue experiments. Cyptotanshinone and Matrine inhibited OC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination therapy synergistically enhanced the antiproliferative effects, inducing apoptosis, suppressing migration and invasion, and downregulating the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. In cisplatin-resistant cells, the combination reversed drug resistance and reduced P-gp expression. In vivo, the combination significantly suppressed tumor growth and modulated the expression of molecular markers (e.g., Ki-67, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3), with no notable toxicity observed in the liver or kidneys. Mechanistically, the combination markedly downregulated transcription of key genes in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Rescue experiments confirmed that pathway inhibition underpins the synergistic effect. Cryptotanshinone and Matrine exert anti-OC effects through multiple mechanisms by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, effectively reversing drug resistance. This study provides experimental evidence and potential therapeutic strategies for OC treatment and offers prospects for optimizing clinical drug regimens.

Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Impact of the POPulation Medicine Multimorbidity Intervention in Xishui County (POPMIX) on people at high risk for COPD who smoke: protocol for the POPMIX-Smoking cluster randomised controlled trial.

PubMed2026-05-06作者：Chen S, Huang K, Zheng Z

Tobacco use is a major contributor to the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other non-communicable diseases in China. People at high risk for COPD who smoke, particularly those with pre-existing chronic conditions, often remain underserved by conventional smoking cessation programmes. Population medicine offers a promising framework for proactively identifying high-burden diseases, managing multimorbidity and prioritising interventions for vulnerable populations. This protocol describes a stratified, two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial (Population Medicine Multimorbidity Intervention in Xishui County-Smoking) being conducted in Xishui County, a rural area of Guizhou Province, China. A total of 26 townships were stratified by population size and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a multicomponent intervention or usual care. Eligible participants were individuals aged 35 years or older who smoked and were at high risk for COPD as identified by the COPD Screening Questionnaire. The intervention package integrates multiple components, including a digital smoking cessation programme, digital mental health support, community-based spirometry, tailored chronic disease management, health education and a performance-linked 'pay-for-population' scheme that aligns healthcare worker reimbursement with population health outcomes. Primary outcomes are smoking amount and nicotine dependence and secondary outcomes include COPD-related health outcomes, hypertension, diabetes, health risk behaviours, quality of life, healthcare utilisation and productivity loss. Follow-up occurs at 3, 6 and 12 months. Ethical approval has been granted by the Peking Union Medical College Ethics Committee (CAMS&PUMC-IEC-2024-042). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. Results will be shared through peer-reviewed publication and (inter)national conference presentations. NCT06458205.

BMJ open

Stacked human aortic endothelial cells induce atherosclerotic fatty streaks and release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

PubMed2026-06-01作者：Zeng Y, Ouyang Z, Qiu Y

Fatty streaks, one of the earliest signs of atherosclerosis, comprise lipid-laden foam cells, which are traditionally thought to be derived from circulating monocytes that have infiltrated through the leaky endothelium and from vascular smooth muscle cells that have migrated into the intima from the media. Here we demonstrate that fatty streaks can also be induced by stacked human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that these stacked HAECs form a new cellular phenotype presenting a streak/coral-like structure: "coralthelial cells". These coralthelial cells exhibit considerable lipid accumulation and increased expression of Golgi and coat protein II markers in their nuclei. Moreover, proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, are upregulated in the coralthelial cell, potentially due to the nuclear translocation of the Golgi apparatus and an elevated expression of the ribosomal protein RPL23 in the nucleolus. To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that fatty streak-like structures found in atherosclerotic plaques can also be generated from the stacked HAECs.

Mechanobiology in medicine

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[Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a child with Coffin-Siris syndrome type 8 due to an intronic variant of SMARCC2 gene].

PubMed2026-06-10作者：Zhong S, Li Y, Chen Y

To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of a child with Coffin-Siris syndrome type 8 (CSS8) due to an intronic variant of the SMARCC2 gene. A child who had attended the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University on 5 March, 2025 was selected as study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the child and her family members. Following extraction of genomic DNA, whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out. Candidate variants was validated by Sanger sequencing. The effect of candidate variants on mRNA was analyzed using an in vitro minigene assay. CSS8-related publications were searched in home and oversea databases for a literature review. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: EC2023-094). The child had manifested intellectual disability, delayed language development, recurrent fever, rash, joint pain, and chronic multifocal aseptic osteomyelitis. WES revealed that she has harbored a heterozygous c.1496+2T>C variant of the SMARCC2 gene, which may affect the splicing of mRNA. Sanger sequencing verified that neither of her parents has carried the same variant. In vitro minigene assay indicated that the variant can affect the normal splicing of SMARCC2 mRNA and result in two abnormal transcripts including retaining of 126 bp upstream of intron 16 and skipping of exon 16. Both splicing forms did not alter the reading frame, but resulted in production of truncated proteins. Based on the guidelines from American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was rated as likely pathogenic (PS2_Moderate+PVS1_Moderate+PM2_Supporting+PS1_Supporting). The child was treated with naproxen and adalimumab, though she still had repeated episodes of attacks. After hormone supplementation and methotrexate treatment, her condition was relieved. The c.1496+2T>C variant of the SMARCC2 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of CSS8 in this child. Above finding has enriched the mutational and phenotypic spectra of the SMARCC2 gene.

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics

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[Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 36 000 IU vs. 40 000 IU recombinant human erythropoietin for the treatment of cancer-related anemia: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial].

Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Belimumab for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients to Predict the Withdrawal Time in Pregnancy and Vaccine Time in Infants.

Childhood trauma and impulsivity in children with first-episode depression: mediation by left frontopolar thickness.

[Study on the causal relationship between serum albumin and carpal tunnel syndrome and the mediating role of leptin].

Efficacy and safety of local consolidative therapy combined with systemic therapy in driver-negative oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dynamic protein-polysaccharide hydrogels with spatiotemporal controlled delivery for brain microenvironment remodeling and neural regeneration of intracerebral hemorrhage stroke.

Association of preadmission metformin use and prognosis in patients with sepsis with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A bio-inspired customizable mechanical central pattern generator enables one-to-many scalable pneumatic control.

Establishing a transdisciplinary competency framework for interdisciplinary case management practice in long-term care: a participatory Delphi study.

A Polypoid Encounter with Colonic Mature Renal Heterotopia.

Gabaergic modulation alleviates auditory hypersensitivity and neuroinflammation in sodium salicylate-treated male mice.

GSH-Responsive Nanoparticles Enhance Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy Through Synergistic Effects of Cuproptosis and PI3K Inhibitor Combination.

A General Kinematic Model for Multimodal Locomotion in Bioinspired Robots.

[Chinese expert consensus on NGS-based probe design for tumor comprehensive genomic profiling testing (2026 edition)].

Filtering and Interfacial Interaction Mechanism of TaC for Carbon Inclusions Suppression in PVT-Grown SiC Crystals.

Synergistic therapeutic effect and mechanism of Cryptotanshinone combined with Matrine on ovarian cancer.

Impact of the POPulation Medicine Multimorbidity Intervention in Xishui County (POPMIX) on people at high risk for COPD who smoke: protocol for the POPMIX-Smoking cluster randomised controlled trial.

Stacked human aortic endothelial cells induce atherosclerotic fatty streaks and release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

[Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a child with Coffin-Siris syndrome type 8 due to an intronic variant of SMARCC2 gene].

Ectopic Bronchial Tissue Masquerading as a Lung Mass: The First Report of Bronchogenic Choristoma.