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The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (F.A.Z.) is one of the most important national daily newspapers in Germany and serves as a source of information for more than 818,000 readers every day. The newspaper has high journalistic standards, which is why it should be assumed that pharmacological content is also presented correctly. Specifically, the differentiation between trade names and active ingredient names of drugs should be correct to inform readers, avoid surreptitious advertising and contribute to drug therapy safety. In this study, 345 articles from 2014 to 2023 from the online archive of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung were analyzed regarding the correct use of trade names using the example of Aspirin®. If the trade name is used incorrectly, suggestions are made to improve journalism about pharmacological content in the long term. The study shows that the trade name is used many times more frequently in the articles analyzed than the active ingredient name. In addition, the trade name is repeatedly mentioned in contexts where there is no need for it. This analysis shows that even in a renowned newspaper, mistakes are made in the correct naming of drugs. On this basis, further trade names and newspapers should be analyzed to counteract the "genericide" of drug names. The use of generic drug names is important for drug therapy safety.

The Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (HAZ, The Hannover General Newspaper) was launched in 1949 and is the largest daily newspaper in Lower Saxony, Germany. Drug advertisements in daily newspapers are common but have not yet been the topic of scientific investigation. This study analyzed all 181 medical advertisements published in the HAZ issued in 2021, all of which promoted over-the-counter medicines. Information was extracted from each advertisement and checked for selected parameters relating to the general structure of an advertisement, the content of the advertisement and the medical products themselves. The Therapeutic Products Advertising Act (Medicines Advertising Law; Heilmittelwerbegesetz (HWG)) of 1965 regulates the handling of medical advertisements through mandatory information and prohibitions. All advertisements were checked for compliance with the Act. The Therapeutic Products Advertising Act is loosely worded and poorly implemented, i.e., in only 52% of the advertisements mandatory information was included and only 69% of the advertisements avoided the prohibitions of the law. Furthermore, there is a clear connection between the newspaper's readership, common diseases in the German population and the indications for the preparations. The most common indication was joint pain with 22.65%, this correlates with the prevalence of the disease in Germany and the age of the newspaper's readership. In most cases, scientific evidence of the effectiveness of the preparations was lacking and only 46 of the 181 advertisements mention clinical studies. All in all, this paper gives an insight into the world of medical advertisements in a German newspaper, where marketing mechanisms, the kind of the consumer and the prices of the advertisement play a far more bigger role than scientific evidence. The Medicines Advertising Law has many flaws that are exploited by the drug companies to address the readers of the newspaper. The law needs to be stricter and better controlled to protect the layman from false medical information.

The Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung (DAZ, German Pharmacist Journal) is an independent pharmaceutical newspaper focusing on science and practice, mainly for the profession of pharmacist. In this study, drug advertising in the DAZ was analysed. To our knowledge, there is little scientific data available on drug advertising in professional journals. We assumed that professional journals provide particularly good background information on the advertised drugs because they are targeted to specialists. All non-prescription medicines and preparations that fall under the Medicines Advertising Law (Heilmittelwerbegesetz, HWG) were studied. The Medicines Advertising Law regulates the legal procedure for advertising medicinal products in Germany. The 167 product advertisements from the 52 issues of 2021 were analysed and checked for compliance with the Medicines Advertising Law. We identified significant deficiencies in compliance with the legislation. These included the lack of mandatory information required by the Medicines Advertising Law, for example the indication of adverse drug reactions and the listing of contraindications. There are very few peer-reviewed references on the efficacy of the advertised preparations. A scientific validation was carried out using the PubMed database, with the result that scientific information was available only for 1/3 of the advertisements. In addition, the appearance and target groups as well as social structures, images and feelings conveyed by the advertising were analysed. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of drug advertising in professional journals, which have not yet been researched to any great extent. Even in professional journals, pharmacological evidence plays a much smaller role than marketing, psychology and traditional social values. It seems that drug manufacturers deliberately ignore the German Medicines Advertising Law to advertise their products in the best possible way. Stricter legal controls should be put in place to prevent this practice and protect consumers from misinformation. This will increase drug safety.

This paper addresses the subject of letters to the editor as one of the longest standing forums for public discussion and debate by ordinary citizens. To show how the voice of ordinary citizens is presented in letters to the editor during national election campaigns over a period of ten years (2008, 2013 & 2017), we are focusing on the Austrian Kronen Zeitung: A newspaper with an exceptionally high market share of up to 40% during the examination period, a heavy focus on the letters section with three pages per day, and a self-declared willingness to take a stance, especially during election periods. Based on a quantitative content analysis of 530 letters to the editor and 525 articles in the politics section as well as survey data from the Austrian national election study on the political positions of the Kronen Zeitung's readers, we find that letters to the editor in the Kronen Zeitung do not reflect, but complement the articles in the politics section. The tone of the letters is more negative than that of news articles, but the letters closely reflect the readers' political positions, therefore offering identification with the paper.