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Celebrity disclosures of health conditions can influence public awareness and searches for health information. On August 30th, 2025, Gordon Ramsay announced on Instagram (> 19 million followers) that he had undergone surgery for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). This study evaluates the impact of this announcement on online search behavior. Google Trends data were analyzed for the terms "Gordon Ramsay," "basal cell carcinoma," "skin cancer," "photoprotection," and "sunscreen" worldwide and in the United Kingdom from August 2023 to September 2025. Wikimedia Pageviews Analysis was used to assess daily visits to the BCC article in multiple languages. Ramsay's announcement generated a marked but transient surge in searches for "basal cell carcinoma," with an associated 1,800% increase in combined queries and a 218% rise in daily Wikipedia pageviews. The effect was most prominent in English-speaking countries and briefly in the Czech Republic following local media coverage. No increase was observed for prevention-related terms. Comparisons with other celebrities show that Ramsay had the highest impact over the past 9 years. Celebrity health announcements can trigger immediate spikes in public information seeking, but the effect is brief and geographically limited. However, heightened awareness may not necessarily lead to sustained engagement or preventive behavior.

Here we present a coherent, georeferenced and chronologically qualified corpus of fossil plant remains compiled from published archaeobotanical records from archaeological sites from Central Italy, focused on Olea europaea (olive) and Vitis vinifera (grape). The dataset is entirely based on secondary data and does not include newly generated primary archaeobotanical analyses. The dataset integrates site, context and all relevant archaeobotanical occurrences within a coherent relational and spatial model. The corpus was initiated through a structured bibliographic survey aided by the BRAIN database. Exclusively published literature was consulted, allowing to model archaeological sites and link them to excavation contexts and individual archaeobotanical occurrences (defined as the combination of a taxon and the specific plant part recovered, e.g., fruit, seed, rachis). The geodatabase was implemented using QGIS, with a local backend in GeoPackage, then migrated to PostgreSQL/PostGIS to support complex spatial/relational queries and future online outputs. All entities have a defined spatial placement accompanied by explicit quality-control parameters documenting positional uncertainty, source type and authority, as derived from the original published sources, ensuring transparent assessment of locational reliability. To enrich taxonomic information, an automated open thesaurus was built from CC BY/CC BY-SA resources (Floritaly, Acta Plantarum, and Wikimedia projects). The workflow employs REST-style access (or form-equivalent submissions), conservative rate-limiting, randomized waits, retries, and checkpoints; provenance and attribution (including noted transformations) are preserved. A standardized chronological table harmonizes relative cultural phases using ICCD nomenclature, with controlled fallbacks to Perio.do or peer-reviewed literature; a self-referential hierarchy (parent_id) ensures inheritance from sub-phase to broader period. Crucially, the use of open licenses, stable identifiers and cross-references makes the dataset interoperable and interlinked with the source ecosystems from which the secondary archaeobotanical data were extracted: records can resolve back to Floritaly and Acta Plantarum, and our forthcoming web portal can expose these connections for bidirectional navigation, automated updating and external reuse. The result is an interoperable, verifiable resource suitable for spatial and temporal analyses of plant remains based on aggregated and standardized published archaeobotanical data, while remaining legally reusable under the original licenses.

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Pathology education is evolving beyond traditional textbooks and increasingly embracing digital and active learning tools. While passive methods of teaching such as lectures remain dominant, active learning approaches-such as case-based learning, gamification, and technology-enhanced education-are on the rise. Tools like digital microscopy, social media, and resources such as Libre Pathology and pathCast are democratizing access to knowledge, fostering interactivity and accessibility. Quizzes and gaming events have become essential tools in medicine, enhancing learner engagement, honing diagnostic skills, and promoting collaborative learning. Notable examples in pathology include the ESP Pathology Progress Test, the RCPath International Pathology Day Quiz, and interactive events like the ISDP Dermatopathology Olympic Games. Gamification not only boosts motivation but also facilitates the practical application of real-world skills. These innovations are particularly impactful in pathology, where simulated diagnostic challenges offer realistic learning experiences. The inaugural SIAPeC Quiz (2024) demonstrated the efficacy of gamification in pathology education, combining interactive case-based challenges with digital tools to enhance diagnostic skills and engagement among junior pathologists. Featuring a diverse range of questions across histology, pathology, and subspecialties, the event incorporated whole-slide images and challenges that push the boundaries of what can be understood from minimal information (#TooCloseToDiagnose and #TooFarToDiagnose). This gamified format created a supportive environment for learners to experiment and learn from mistakes, fostering critical skills in a dynamic setting.

Vaccine hesitancy remains a global health challenge, undermining gains in routine immunization coverage and the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide. Effective, responsive health communication is needed to counter 'infodemics' and strengthen public trust in vaccination. Evidence on how to design effective digital campaigns to strengthen vaccine demand is limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Results from this four-country study demonstrate a process for the design and randomized controlled testing of evidence-based, context-driven persuasive messaging to strengthen vaccine demand. Campaigns led to 3.5 M+ clicks to additional resources, and messages were successful at shifting attitudes toward vaccine confidence, with campaigns in local languages performing better in encouraging information-seeking behavior (clickthrough rate). Strategic partnership with UNICEF country offices was key to convert behavioral insights into effective communication strategies. This work provides a replicable process that local health agencies can adopt to strengthen their digital social and behavior change communications.

To describe cancer incidence, mortality, and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) in Africa in 2022 by age and country to inform cancer control planning. We conducted a descriptive analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022 estimates, summarizing age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality (ASMR) per 100,000, and MIR (ASMR/ASIR). Two lenses were applied: age bands (0-19, 20-44, 45-69, ≥70 years) and country concentration curves, which identify the smallest set of countries accounting for 50% and 80% of the burden. In 2022, there were 1,154,584 new cancer cases and 754,574 deaths. Breast, cervix uteri, prostate, colorectal, and liver cancers dominated incidence, whereas liver, lung, cervix uteri, breast, and stomach cancers dominated mortality. Around 80% of incident cases occurred in 15 countries. MIR increased with age and was highest at ≥70 years. Liver, lung, stomach, and brain/central nervous system cancers showed consistently high MIR. Cancer site profiles differed by life stage, with hematologic cancers predominating in childhood and adolescence and breast, cervix, prostate, and colorectal cancers predominating from mid-adulthood onward. Cancer mortality in Africa is high, rises with age, and is concentrated in few countries. Age-band and country-concentration lenses identify priorities for human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccination, tobacco control, and oncology packages in high-burden settings.

To investigate the longevity of a large sample of Olympic Games participants, considering the interaction between different types of sports and medal awards. Data scraping from Wikipedia and Wikidata allowed us to collect a sample of 102,993 famous athletes. We selected 20 of the most populated disciplines to make the groups comparable. We conducted a comparison of life duration on a subset of 17,194 elite athletes, predominantly male, dead at the time of analysis. Olympic medalists' lifespan was shorter than non-medalists. Athletes in such disciplines as boxing, weightlifting, ice hockey, cycling, football, swimming, and wrestling lived significantly shorter lives than the mean of the group of athletes. In contrast, the duration of life in athletes involved in athletics, rowing, fencing, artistic gymnastics, shooting, cross-country skiing, sailing, and equestrian sports was highest compared with the mean of the group. Disciplines classified as engaging mostly power were linked to shorter lifespans, whereas those involving predominantly skill were associated with longer life durations. The interaction of being a medalist and sport was found to be significant. Medalists in the disciplines of athletics, basketball, boxing, equestrian sports, wrestling, and water polo had significantly shorter lives (the final item was insignificant after correction for multiple comparisons). Olympic achievement was linked to length of life in mainly individual, not team, sports.

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The presence and role of endogenous digoxin-like cardiotonic steroids (CTS) in humans is controversial. This study utilises a novel pipeline to quantify CTS and examines their interaction with digoxin within a randomised trial. The RAte control Therapy Evaluation in permanent Atrial Fibrillation (RATE-AF) trial randomised patients with permanent AF and symptoms of heart failure to low-dose digoxin or beta-blocker therapy; clinicaltrials.gov NCT02391337. Circulating CTS were detected and quantified using a new ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) pipeline. All 160 participants of the RATE-AF trial were included, with mean age 76 years (SD 8) and 46% women. Endogenous CTS detected and quantified in baseline samples included digoxigenin and digitoxigenin, plus low or unquantifiable levels of ouabain, telocinobufagin, cinobufagin, marinobufagenin, bufalin, cinobufotalin, dihydroouabain, and ouabagenin. Compared to beta-blockers, patients randomised to digoxin had better functional outcomes at 12 months for heart failure (-&#x2009;0.57 New York Heart Association class, 95% CI&#x2009;-&#x2009;0.82 to&#x2009;-&#x2009;0.32; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and atrial fibrillation (odds ratio 2.24 for a two-class improvement in modified European Heart Rhythm Association class, 95% CI 1.43-3.84; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), with lower NT-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (geometric mean ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.99; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.006). No interactions were observed for any baseline CTS with each outcome. Digoxin was associated with fewer adverse events (odds ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.07-0.34; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), again without any interaction from circulating CTS. Digoxin levels by LC-MS/MS were strongly correlated with measurement by a clinical immunoassay (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.87; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and treatment with digoxin did not affect CTS concentrations at 6-month follow-up. A range of CTS are detected in the circulation of patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Within this randomised trial but limited by low circulating levels, CTS do not appear to interact with the ability of digoxin to improve wellbeing compared to conventional first-line treatment with beta-blockers.

Intrinsically motivated information seeking is an expression of curiosity believed to be central to human nature. However, most curiosity research relies on small, Western convenience samples. Here, we analyze a naturalistic population of 482,760 readers using Wikipedia's mobile app in 14 languages from 50 countries or territories. By measuring the structure of knowledge networks constructed by readers weaving a thread through articles in Wikipedia, we replicate two styles of curiosity previously identified in laboratory studies: the nomadic "busybody" and the targeted "hunter." Further, we find evidence for another style-the "dancer"-which was previously predicted by a historico-philosophical examination of texts over two millennia and is characterized by creative modes of knowledge production. We identify associations, globally, between the structure of knowledge networks and population-level indicators of spatial navigation, education, mood, well-being, and inequality. These results advance our understanding of Wikipedia's global readership and demonstrate how cultural and geographical properties of the digital environment relate to different styles of curiosity.

Biomedical relation classification has been significantly improved by the application of advanced machine learning techniques on the raw texts of scholarly publications. Despite this improvement, the reliance on large chunks of raw text makes these algorithms suffer in terms of generalization, precision, and reliability. The use of the distinctive characteristics of bibliographic metadata can prove effective in achieving better performance for this challenging task. In this research paper, we introduce an approach for biomedical relation classification using the qualifiers of co-occurring Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). First of all, we introduce MeSH2Matrix, our dataset consisting of 46,469 biomedical relations curated from PubMed publications using our approach. Our dataset includes a matrix that maps associations between the qualifiers of subject MeSH keywords and those of object MeSH keywords. It also specifies the corresponding Wikidata relation type and the superclass of semantic relations for each relation. Using MeSH2Matrix, we build and train three machine learning models (Support Vector Machine [SVM], a dense model [D-Model], and a convolutional neural network [C-Net]) to evaluate the efficiency of our approach for biomedical relation classification. Our best model achieves an accuracy of 70.78% for 195 classes and 83.09% for five superclasses. Finally, we provide confusion matrix and extensive feature analyses to better examine the relationship between the MeSH qualifiers and the biomedical relations being classified. Our results will hopefully shed light on developing better algorithms for biomedical ontology classification based on the MeSH keywords of PubMed publications. For reproducibility purposes, MeSH2Matrix, as well as all our source codes, are made publicly accessible at https://github.com/SisonkeBiotik-Africa/MeSH2Matrix .

Wikipedia is the largest free online encyclopedia and the seventh most visited website worldwide, containing >45,000 freely accessible English-language medical articles accessed nearly 1.6 billion times annually. Concerns have been expressed about the balance of content related to biological sex on Wikipedia. This study aims to categorize the top 1000 most-read (most popular) English-language Wikipedia health articles for June 2019 according to the relevance of the article topic to each sex and quality. In the first step, Wikipedia articles were identified using WikiProject Medicine Popular Pages. These were analyzed on 13 factors, including total views, article quality, and total number of references. In the second step, 2 general medical textbooks were used as comparators to assess whether Wikipedia's spread of articles was typical compared to the general medical coverage. According to the article's content, we proposed criteria with 5 categories: 1="exclusively female," 2="predominantly female but can also affect male individuals," 3="not sex specific or neutral," 4=predominantly male but can affect female individuals," and 5="exclusively male." Of the 1000 Wikipedia health articles, 933 (93.3%) were not sex specific and 67 (6.7%) were sex specific. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of reads per month between the sex-specific and non-sex-specific articles (P=.29). Coverage of female topics was higher (50/1000, 5%) than male topics (17/1000, 1.7%; this difference was also observed for the 2 medical textbooks, in which 90.2% (2330/2584) of content was not sex specific, female topics accounted for 8.1% (209/2584), and male topics for accounted for 1.7% (45/2584; statistically significant difference; Fisher exact test P=.03). Female-category articles were ranked higher on the Wikipedia medical topic importance list (top, high, or mid importance) than male-category articles (borderline statistical significance; Fisher exact test P=.05). Female articles had a higher number of total and unique references; a slightly higher number of page watchers, pictures, and available languages; and lower number of edits than male articles (all were statistically nonsignificant). Across several metrics, a sample of popular Wikipedia health-related articles for both sexes had comparable quality. Wikipedia had a lower number of female articles and a higher number of neutral articles relative to the 2 medical textbooks. These differences were small, but statistically significant. Higher exclusively female coverage, compared to exclusively male coverage, in Wikipedia articles was similar to the 2 medical textbooks and can be explained by inclusion of sections on obstetrics and gynecology. This is unlike the imbalance seen among biographies of living people, in which approximately 77.6% pertain to male individuals. Although this study included a small sample of articles, the spread of Wikipedia articles may reflect the readership and the population's content consumption at a given time. Further study of a larger sample of Wikipedia articles would be valuable.

Wikipedia, the open crowdsourced encyclopedia that anyone can edit, ranks among the top ten most-visited websites globally. Its integration into university curriculum as an innovative educational tool is a slowly growing trend; however, many higher education institutions have yet to fully grasp its potential. In response, a specific optional module for Wikipedia editing, designed for the selected undergraduate science courses at the School of Advanced Studies, Russia, was implemented as an optional extra credit service-learning activity, a teaching methodology combining meaningful service to the community with curriculum-based learning. Students who chose to participate and those who preferred not to participate in the activity were invited to participate in a research project to explore their perspectives and experiences. In total, five sessions of focus group discussions were conducted with participants (12 females and 2 males) in one set and non-participants (5 females and 4 males) in another to identify students' perspectives on themes such as their interest in science, reasons for their choices, and their expectations before the activity while post-experience focus group discussions were used to identify the perspectives of participant students on themes, encompassing contribution of the service-learning activity, acquisition of new skills, and the development of prosocial behaviors. Students' opinions on integrating social responsibility topics into the curriculum were also explored. The results extracted from these focus group discussions, analyzed through consensual coding, revealed factors promoting student participation, like interest in the subject, novelty of the activity, and grade improvement opportunities, as well as factors deterring participation, such as concerns about academic benefits, workload, and time constraints. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that Wikipedia editing serves as a novel teaching methodology, promoting student learning and development in digital literacy and information literacy, which are among the twenty-first-century skills. Interestingly, at the same time, not all students could address the value of contributing to open, crowdsourced knowledge for public service or interpret this activity as an academic service-learning. These suggest that Wikipedia editing is an innovative teaching approach, fostering students' learning and development while also indicating its potential to enhance students' understanding of responsible citizenship and public service in the digital age.

The increasing number of people who use drugs (PWUDs) can be attributed to the rising online sales of drugs and other related substances. Information on drugs and drug markets has also become easily accessible in web-search engines and social media. Aside from providing direct care, nurses have essential roles in preventing substance use disorder. These roles include health education, liaison, and researcher. Thus, nurses must examine and utilize the Internet, where information and transactions related to these substances are increasing. This study utilized an infodemiological design in exploring the worldwide information utilization for substance use disorder. Data were gathered from Google Trends and Wikimedia Pageview. The data included relative search volumes (RSV), top and rising related queries and topics, and Wikipedia page views between 2004 and 2022. After describing the data, autoregressive integrated mean averaging (ARIMA) models were used to predict future utilization of online information from Google and Wikipedia. Google trends ranked 37 countries based on the search volumes for substance use disorder. Ethiopia, Finland, the United States, Kenya, and Canada have the highest RSVs, while the lowest-ranked country is Turkey, followed by Mexico, Spain, Japan, and Indonesia. Google searches for substance use disorder-related information increased by more than 900% between 2004 and 2022. In addition, Wikipedia page views for substance use disorder-related information increased by almost 200% between 2015 and 2022. Based on the ARIMA models, RSVs and page views are predicted to increase by about 150% and 120% by December 2025. Top and rising search-related topics and queries revealed that the public increasingly utilized online information to understand specific substances and the possible mental health comorbidities related to substance use disorders. Their recent concerns revolved around diagnostics, specific substances, and specific disorders. The Internet can be of paradoxical use in substance use disorder. It has been previously reported to be increasingly used in drug trades, contributing to the increasing prevalence of substance use disorder. Likewise, the present study's findings revealed that it is increasingly utilized for substance use disorder-related information. Thus, nurses and other healthcare professionals should ensure that online information regarding substance use disorders is accurate and up-to-date. Nurse informaticists can form and lead Internet- and social-media-based health teams that perform national infodemiological investigations to assess online information. In doing so, they can inform, expand, and contextualize ehealth substance use education and strengthen the accessibility and delivery of substance use healthcare. In addition, public health nurses can collaborate to engage patients and communities in identifying harmful substance use disorder information online and creating culturally-appropriate messages that will correct misinformation and improve ehealth literacy, specifically in substance use disorder.