With the revolution of generative AI, video-related tasks have been widely studied. However, current state-of-the-art video models still lag behind image models in visual quality and user control over generated content. In this paper, we introduce TokenWarping, a novel framework for temporally coherent video translation. Existing diffusion-based video editing approaches rely solely on key and value patches in self-attention to ensure temporal consistency, often sacrificing the preservation of local and structural regions. Critically, these methods overlook the significance of the query patches in achieving accurate feature aggregation and temporal coherence. In contrast, TokenWarping leverages complementary token priors by constructing temporal correlations across different frames. Our method begins by extracting optical flows from source videos. During the denoising process of the diffusion model, these optical flows are used to warp the previous frame's query, key, and value patches, aligning them with the current frame's patches. By directly warping the query patches, we enhance feature aggregation in self-attention, while warping the key and value patches ensures temporal consistency across frames. This token warping imposes explicit constraints on the self-attention layer outputs, effectively ensuring temporally coherent translation. Our framework does not require any additional training or fine-tuning and can be seamlessly integrated with existing text-to-image editing methods. We conduct extensive experiments on various video translation tasks, demonstrating that TokenWarping surpasses state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively. Video demonstrations are available in supplementary materials.
Restoring weight is a primary goal during anorexia nervosa (AN) treatment. Previous studies linked different weight gain profiles to treatment outcomes, but there is currently no consensus on profile shapes and numbers. We argue that heterogeneity stems from temporal distortions ("warping") in weight gain, and that similar weight improvements can stretch over different time periods. We thus favor a novel non-parametric solution that accounts for warping to identify weight trajectories. Time series clustering with dynamic time warping (DTW) was used to identify weight change trajectories among N = 518 patients with AN during inpatient treatment. Within-person body-mass-index gain (∆ BMI) served as our primary dependent variable to identify clusters. We characterized clusters based on admission psychopathology scores, and analyzed associations of cluster affiliation with changes in clinical outcomes between admission and discharge using linear and logistic models. We identified four distinct clusters, with n = 76 patients showing initial weight gain (Cluster 1), n = 329 showing continuous weight gain (Cluster 2), n = 70 showing initial weight loss and recovery (Cluster 3), and n = 43 showing weight loss (Cluster 4). The four clusters differed in terms of admission BMI, psychopathology scores, and days spent in treatment, and cluster assignment predicted treatment outcomes. Using one of the largest hitherto examined samples for weight gain profile analysis, the novel DTW-based approach provided an overall more elaborated set of outcome-predictive profiles compared to previous studies, which could help inform individualized treatment strategies and allocate therapeutic resources efficiently.
The global incidence of rotator-cuff injuries demands mechanically robust and bioresorbable patches to address the high failure rates of surgical repair. Here, we present a digitally fabricated, warp-knitted silk patch designed to meet this need. Through systematic modulation of key parameters (guide-bar configuration, needle pitch, and gauge), we engineered 17 distinct scaffolds from extra-coarse, degummed silk. Among them, the 4 × 1 tricot-stitch architecture (sample #14) emerged as the optimal candidate, exhibiting an balanced combination of high porosity (70.2 ± 0.1 %), high strength (Longitudinal tensile strength: 274 ± 8 N; Transverse tensile strength: 634 ± 33 N; Longitudinal tear strength: 270 ± 52 N; Transverse tear strength: 125 ± 14 N; Burst strength: 1 554 ± 33 N; Suture-pullout strength: > 46 N.), and controlled biodegradability (retaining 93 ± 3 % mass after 42 days). Critically, these properties not only exceed established mechanical benchmarks for tendon repair but are maintained under wet conditions simulating the in vivo environment. The patch further demonstrated good hemocompatibility (hemolysis rate 1.2 ± 0.1 %) and supported robust cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that digital warp-knitting of coarse silk yarns enables single-step fabrication of lightweight, highly porous, and mechanically anisotropic patches that combine long-term strength retention with favorable biocompatibility-offering a promising off-the-shelf solution for tendon reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recurrent tears after rotator cuff repair remain a significant clinical challenge, often due to inadequate mechanical strength and poor tissue integration of existing patches. We address this by digitally warp-knitting a bioresorbable silk patch that uniquely combines high tensile and burst strength, exceeding native tendon requirements, with a high-porosity architecture conducive to cell infiltration. This patch provides durable mechanical support in a wet physiological environment while degrading controllably. It represents a clinically promising, off-the-shelf solution to enhance repair outcomes, bridging the critical gap between robust mechanical performance and effective biological integration for tendon reconstruction.
In this study, biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolates were screened and isolated from a hydrocarbon-rich automobile workshop, marine water, agarwood, and ayurvedic industrial waste. The efficient bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa WARP_W1 reduced surface tension to 35.21 mN/m and emulsified 64.32% of olive oil. The biosurfactant production was attempted using different oil sources, with coconut oil producing 899.69 mg/L biosurfactant, which is 35.8% more than olive oil. Logistic kinetic models accurately predicted microbial growth rate (R2 > 0.975) and biosurfactant production rate at 0.348h-1 and 0.201h-1, respectively. These data suggest that coconut oil could be a suitable substrate for biosurfactant. The physicochemical properties were also found to be efficient, with a low critical micelle concentration of 110.60 mg/L and a lowered surface tension of 26.99 mN/m in coconut oil. FTIR and NMR spectroscopy confirmed the glycolipid in the produced biosurfactant by showing rhamnolipid-like structural features. P. aeruginosa WARP_W1 is ideal for large-scale biosurfactant production because of its versatile utilization of carbon sources. This study provides the growth and product kinetic information on the substrate-specific production of biosurfactants.
Warp-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) possess a three-dimensional porous architecture that makes them promising for impact protection and airdrop buffering, yet their lack of intrinsic conductivity and limited cyclic stability restrict intelligent monitoring applications. Here, a structure-function synergistic strategy is proposed by integrating WKSF with carbon-nanotube-modified shear-stiffening gel (cSSG) to construct a conductive, impact-adaptive composite. As a benefit from strain-rate-dependent stiffening and hierarchical energy dissipation, the WKSF-cSSG composite exhibits enhanced impact resistance while forming a stable three-dimensional conductive network. After cyclic preconditioning to suppress the Mullins effect, the composite delivers stable sensing outputs over 3200 cycles with a response time of 18 ms. Under drop-hammer impact, the electrical response shows rapid synchronization with mechanical dynamics, enabling quantitative discrimination of impact intensities. Furthermore, an intelligent airdrop buffering prototype integrating a nine-channel sensing array and deep-learning-assisted classification achieves accurate recognition of five landing postures, demonstrating a material-to-system solution for intelligent protection applications.
Sizing is a critical operation in woven fabric production, as it enhances weaving efficiency by improving warp yarn performance. Conventional sizing agents include maize starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and commercial carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this study, a low-cost and biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose derived from wheat straw (CMCws) was investigated as an alternative sizing agent for cotton open-end yarns with a count of Nm 12.2. The high degree of substitution (DS = 1.23) of CMCws indicates extensive carboxymethylation, which enhances the polymer's hydrophilicity and solubility in water. This, in turn, contributes to a higher apparent viscosity (η = 903.03 cP at 300 s-1), reflecting stronger molecular chain interactions and better film-forming ability. CMCws was applied using a high-pressure squeezing technique, and its effect on yarn performance was evaluated in terms of tensile properties, film characteristics, and yarn surface morphology. The results showed that CMCws provided a tenacity gain of 28.57%, a hairiness reduction of 54.34%, and an abrasion resistance gain of 37.14%. These values fall within acceptable industrial ranges and are comparable to those obtained using conventional sizing agents. Furthermore, the optimized CMCws formulation, containing plasticizer and lubricant additives, exhibited good desizing efficiency, with effective removal achieved in hot water. The findings indicate that wheat-straw-derived CMCws is a viable, sustainable alternative to traditional sizing agents for woven fabric production.
Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is an emerging analytic technique that offers a flexible approach to modeling symptom dynamics in psychological and psychiatric research. Unlike traditional network models, which often rely on linear associations, DTW aligns symptom trajectories even when changes unfold at slightly different speeds or time intervals. This tutorial offers a brief introduction into DTW and demonstrates how to apply DTW to panel or time series data. We illustrate the workflow using clinical case data from patients with eating disorders, to capture temporal patterns that cannot be detected with conventional network analysis techniques, as these require more intensive time-series data. Key advantages include its applicability to non-stationary data, flexibility in handling irregular time intervals, and reduced reliance on frequent assessments, which patients often cannot maintain due to the burden. We also discuss some of the limitations such as noise, scaling decisions and lack of Granger causality associations. Finally, we outline directions for future research. By expanding the methodological toolkit available for studying therapy processes, DTW holds promise for advancing both research and clinical practice in personalized mental health care.
Pentraxins, which constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition molecules, are categorized into short and long branches. The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a key member of the long pentraxin subfamily, while the C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P represent the short pentraxins. All pentraxins share a highly conserved C-terminal motif, an 8-amino acid sequence known as the pentraxin signature. PTX3 can be produced by a wide range of cell types, including immune cells such as dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, as well as various non-immune cells, underscoring its pleiotropic roles in multiple pathophysiological processes. These include inflammation, infection, tissue repair, female fertility, and cancer. Although PTX3 engages commonly recognized signaling pathways, such as TNF-α, NF-κB, FGF, and PI3K/AKT, it can exert paradoxical effects in different cellular contexts, either promoting or inhibiting the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted roles of PTX3 in various cancers, while also summarizing its functions in other physiological or pathological contexts. Furthermore, we critically examine the challenges and translational opportunities of PTX3, aiming to inform future research directions and therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
Arthropods, the most diverse phylum on Earth, are hosts to a plethora of bacterial parasites that secrete various effectors of unknown function during infection. The most prevalent of these is the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis. The microbe infects between 40% and 60% of insect species, where it induces a variety of fitness effects ranging from nutritional supplementation to reproductive manipulations and, in some hosts, limiting virus replication. Understanding the molecular basis of Wolbachia infection and Wolbachia-induced phenotypes is critical to the use of Wolbachia in vector control. Wolbachia ankyrin repeat proteins (WARPs) represent a highly dynamic and diverse part of the Wolbachia pangenome and remain thus far largely uncharacterized. Here, we perform molecular and genetic screens to identify interactions between Wolbachia wMel WARPs and their target host proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. Our results identify strong interactions of two Wolbachia proteins, WARP434 and WARP754, with multiple host targets. Heterologous expression of these two WARPs is extremely toxic in Drosophila tissues, and the toxicity is dependent on the ankyrin repeat domain of each WARP. We use coimmunoprecipitation (coIP) and mass spectrometry to identify native targets of the WARPs, and importantly, knockdown of host targets alleviates toxicity, confirming WARP/target interactions. Antibodies targeting both WARPs show expression by Wolbachia during infection of Drosophila cells, and expression of WARP754 in adult flies increases Wolbachia titer. Understanding how Wolbachia manipulates its host biology and which host pathways it targets during infection will help us define how the most prevalent intracellular bacterial parasite on Earth interacts with its insect hosts at the molecular level. Our screen is an important step toward that goal.IMPORTANCEMolecular interactions drive co-evolutionary arms races between hosts and pathogens. These interactions shape the structure and function of both host and parasite proteins, enabling immunity or virulence during infection. Understanding the molecular details that unfold during these events illustrates not only how hosts and parasites co-evolve at the molecular level but also may help characterize the function of poorly understood proteins. The most prevalent intracellular infection on earth is Wolbachia pipientis, with between 40% and 60% of insects harboring the bacterial symbiont. Understanding how Wolbachia infects host cells and the molecular tools it uses to alter cell biology is critical to the use of the microbe in vector control. Here, we identify Wolbachia proteins used by the symbiont to interface with specific host proteins. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this host-microbe interaction will shed light on how an important symbiont, used in the control of vector populations and disease transmission, uses Wolbachia ankyrin repeat proteins (WARPs) to interact with host targets and how targeting this host protein contributes to infection.
In recent years, nanoparticles and plant-based materials have gained increasing significance in the functional finishing of textile materials. Among natural fibers, cotton is the most widely utilized textile fiber due to its excellent moisture management, superior softness, high absorbency, breathability, compatibility, and biodegradability, making it highly suitable for a broad range of textile and apparel applications. In this study, cotton fabric was successfully functionalized using biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and Senna didymobotrya leaf extract. ZnCl₂ served as a precursor, while the plant extract acted as both a reducing and functionalizing agent. The dip-dry-cure method was employed with optimized concentrations using Box-Behnken design. Characterization scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) confirmed nanoparticle formation with an average size of 20.3 nm. The mechanical results with tensile strength of (warp: 312-318, weft: 289-295 N/mm2) and elongation at break (warp: 22.90-23.40%, weft: 16.29-16.95%), slight stiffness increase (warp: 1.8-1.9 cm, weft: 1.7-1.8 cm), there is a reduced air permeability (16.9-11.8 cm3/cm2/s), with a tear strength (533.36-554.7 g force). The functional properties of the treated cotton fabric have an antibacterial efficiency reached 99.99% (gram-negative bacteria) and 99.5% (gram-positive bacteria), with a ultraviolet radiation protection factor (UPF) of 112.6, indicating strong potential for medical and UV-protective applications.
This study systematically investigates the structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of pectic polysaccharides extracted and purified from Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze. Through sequential purification involving ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography, two homogeneous pectin fractions-WARP-A2b (17.5 kDa) and WARP-A3b (51.5 kDa)-were obtained. Their structural domains, including homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, and rhamnogalacturonan II, were characterised using FT-IR, NMR, Congo red binding, circular dichroism, and SEM. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed both fractions to be rich in galacturonic acid, rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose. WARP-A3b exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity in scavenging ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals, which may be attributed to its higher galacturonic acid content and distinct rhamnogalacturonan-I domain organisation. Enzymatic hydrolysis and de-esterification experiments further elucidated the contribution of specific structural domains to antioxidant performance. These results offer new insights into the structure-activity relationships of A. rugosa pectins and support their potential as natural antioxidants in pharmaceuticals.
We compared the capabilities of quantitatively assessed paired inspiratory-expiratory area-detector computed tomography (ADCT) for pulmonary functional loss and disease severity evaluations between upright and supine ADCT in matched progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) patients. This retrospective cohort consisted of age-, sex-, and underlying disease-matched patients with PPF who underwent paired inspiratory-expiratory CT on upright ADCT (n = 40) and supine ADCT (n = 40), pulmonary function tests, and disease severity assessment. Based on CT data, the absolute values of the logarithm of the Jacobian determinant and warp-field magnitude of the whole lung and all lobes were calculated. Stepwise regression analyses were performed. On supine ADCT, both indices of the left lower lobe (LLL) were the first and only steps for pulmonary function test results and CT-assessed disease severity (absolute value of the logarithm of the Jacobian determinant: 0.139 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.175, 0.007 ≤ p ≤ 0.018; absolute value of the warp-field magnitude: 0.371 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.447, p < 0.001). However, on upright ADCT, both indices indicated that LLL was the first step and the right lower lobe was the second step for pulmonary function test results and CT-assessed disease severity (0.503 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.674, p < 0.001 or 0.000 < p ≤ 0.006 and 0.474 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.652, 0.002 ≤ p ≤ 0.045, respectively). Upright ADCT has equal to or better potential than supine ADCT for detecting pulmonary functional loss and evaluating disease severity when paired inspiratory-expiratory ADCT is applied in PPF patients. Upright ADCT has superior potential to supine ADCT for pulmonary functional loss and disease severity evaluations when paired inspiratory-expiratory ADCT is performed in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). Matched progressive pulmonary fibrosis patients compared functional loss and disease severity evaluations between inspiratory-expiratory upright and supine area-detector CT. Clinical parameters demonstrated better correlations with upright than with supine inspiratory-expiratory area-detector CT. Warp-field magnitude showed better correlations with disease severities than the logarithm of the Jacobian determinant on each area-detector CT.
In this study, an assembly technique based on phytic acid-modified chitosan (PA-CS) and silicone-containing waterborne polyurethane (SiWPU) was developed to construct of a multifunctional hemp fabric integrating flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, and antibacterial properties. A stable multilayer structure was constructed via hydrogen bonding interactions between the phosphate groups of PA-CS and the urethane groups (-NHCOO-) of SiWPU. Research shows that PA-CS significantly enhances the fabric's thermal stability and decomposes at high temperatures to form a dense carbon layer, raising the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the hemp fabric to 35.1%, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating. Compared with the original fabric, the PHRR, HRC, and THR of the PA-CS/SiWPU coated hemp fabric were reduced by 80.7%, 80.7%, and 65.8%, respectively. Simultaneously, the silicon component in SiWPU migrates to the fabric surface, resulting in a water contact angle of 133.10°, demonstrating excellent hydrophobicity and antifouling performance. Furthermore, the coating exhibits remarkable antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Following the coating treatment, the breaking strength of the fabric increased by 41.6% (warp) and 40.7% (weft), while the elongation at break improved by 28.6% (warp) and 27.9% (weft). Concurrently, the bending rigidity decreased from 4.93 cN/mm to 3.20 cN/mm, accompanied by a reduction in both static and dynamic friction factors. After 10 washing cycles, the fabric exhibited breaking strength retention rates of 94.2% (warp) and 89.1% (weft). This study opens a new avenue for the high-value-added and multifunctional utilization of hemp fabrics, demonstrating great application potential in fields including home, biomedical, and smart textiles.
Respiratory-correlated four-dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI) is useful to estimate breathing induced motion for MRI-guided radiotherapy. Based on 4D-MR image sets, a three-dimensional mid-position (MidP) MRI can be generated using deformable image registration (DIR) for radiotherapy planning. However, the desired spatial resolution and image contrast of the MidP MRI may differ from the original 4D-MRI. This retrospective study validates a high-definition (HD)-MidP MRI approach that combines 4D-MRI motion information with a high-resolution MRI to enhance the spatial resolution of the MidP image. Computed tomography (CT) and MR image sets of 25 lung cancer patients were eligible, of whom 17 were complete and suitable for analysis. Standard-definition (SD)-MidP images were derived by applying DIR to warp the ten respiratory phases of a 4D-CT or 4D-MRI, whereas the HD-MidP MRI was derived by warping a high-resolution respiratory-triggered MRI to the MidP. The MidP image quality was assessed with a 4-point Likert scale on tumor and organ at risk (OAR) distinctiveness by three readers. Additionally, the gross tumor volume (GTV) was delineated by the readers, from which a consensus contour was derived for each MidP image. Reader contours were evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean distance to agreement (DTA). Anatomical accuracy was evaluated by comparing MidP tumor locations to manually determined tumor displacements, while DIR precision was analyzed using the distance to discordance metric (DDM). Moreover, deformation vector fields (DVFs) from the DIR were used to automatically calculate MidP-based treatment margins. Eighteen targets were identified in seventeen patients. All HD-MidP MR image sets were delineated, while 98% (53/54) of the SD-MidP CT and 87% (47/54) of the SD-MidP MR image sets were of adequate quality for delineation. The SD-MidP MRI was positively scored in 13 out of 47 assessments for tumor distinctiveness and in 6 out of 47 assessments for OAR distinctiveness. In contrast, the HD-MidP MRI showed a substantial improvement, with positive scores in 45 out of 54 assessments for tumor distinctiveness and 51 out of 54 assessments for OAR distinctiveness. Contour analyses revealed that the HD-MidP MRI achieved the highest average DSC value (0.83) and, simultaneously, the lowest mean DTA value (0.96 mm). Compared to the manually determined tumor displacements, subvoxel differences in MidP tumor location were observed in 96% (52/54) of the registrations. The distribution of DDM values (median: 1.1 mm) for the HD-MidP MRI was found to be significantly higher than the distributions for the SD-MidP CT (median: 0.2 mm) and SD-MidP MRI (median: 0.7 mm), indicating a lower, but still subvoxel, precision for the HD-MidP MRI approach. The DVF variability was higher for the HD-MidP MRI (median: 2.7 mm) than for the SD-MidP MRI (median: 2.3 mm). However, when used to derive treatment margins, these margins were identical. The presented HD-MidP MRI methodology scored highest on both tumor and OAR distinctiveness, with GTV contours demonstrating the best alignment. Combined with its high anatomical accuracy, these findings support its potential for lung radiotherapy planning.
To achieve near-normal temperature formation of starch paste with satisfactory sizing properties for near-normal temperature sizing application of cotton warps and easy desizing, esterified-sulfonated corn starch (ESCS) samples with degrees of substitution (DSes) of 0.021-0.072 were prepared using dry processes of esterification and sulfonation to evaluate their sizing properties and desizability. It was found that, with the rise in the DSes, the solubility, water dispersibility, adhesion to cotton fibers for the ESCS, and its film elongation and endurance increased, reaching the highest values at DSes = 0.072, which were significantly higher than those of acid-treated starch (ATS). The properties of ESCS (DSes = 0.072) showed no significant variation across temperatures from 95 °C to 40 °C, attributed to only slight variations in solubility. ESCS (DSes = 0.072) could form a paste suitable for immediate use at ~40 °C, with excellent sizing properties for cotton warp sizing at 40 °C to effectively overcome the issues of high-temperature sizing, and easy desizing from cotton warps using a simplified desizing (no chemicals and boiling water used). This study provides valuable methods for the near-normal temperature sizing of starch sizes for cotton warps and easy desizing.
Lymphoid cancers of different types and subtypes are known to cluster in families. We hypothesize that there are shared susceptibility factors in families with these heterogenous lymphoid malignancies. Exome sequencing was performed on 100 individuals from 43 lymphoid cancer pedigrees. Variants from 37 families were ranked using the Weights-based vAriant Ranking in Pedigrees (WARP) pipeline. Six affected unrelated probands were used for interpretation only. We detected recurrent variants in the germline lymphoid cancer gene FAM160A1 in 4 (9%) of the 43 families, and variants in other genes involved in lymphoid cancers: NPAT, BCL9, HCLS1 and ID3. Variants in genes including BCL9, LEF1, TLE3, and KLHL12 involved in the WNT/β-catenin pathway were identified, representing a novel observation. Some variants appeared to segregate with specific types of lymphoid cancers; others were shared across different subtypes. Identifying factors predisposing to different types of lymphoid cancers will help understand the etiology of these neoplasms.
This study analyzes the mechanical behavior of a quasi-isotropic biaxial glass fiber-vinyl ester composite in a multiaxial stress condition and the effect of the orientation of the fibers. A ply structure was created through the process of vacuum infusion using six layers of biaxial fabric that were oriented to 15°. Tensile samples were isolated at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 90 degrees relative to the warp direction. It was found that strength and stiffness strongly depend on orientation, with maximum tensile strengths of 157.2 MPa at 90° and 125 MPa at 0°, and minimum tensile strengths 59.6 MPa at 15°, showing fiber and shear failures, respectively. MAT_124 underwent finite element analysis in LS-DYNA, and the results were excellent, with a difference of less than 1.5%. Three-point bending and Charpy impact tests indicated that flexural properties were lower at 15° and 90°, whereas off-axis orientations were generally better at impact energy absorption, although at 45°, binding sites were few and far between. The results have important implications for the design of laminates subjected to complicated loads.
With the rapid development of infrared detection methods and military surveillance technologies, flexible and wearable infrared stealth materials (ISM) have attracted increasing attention. Inspired by the layered structure of penguins' fat-feather-oil, this study prepared a three-layer MXene/waterborne polyurethane (WPU)-foam rubber-phase change microcapsule (PCM)/WPU composite material (M-F-P) via the solution blending and doctor-blading method. The outermost layer of the M-F-P composite is an MXene/WPU conductive film, which features a low infrared emissivity and Joule heating performance to adapt to suddenly cold environments. The porous foam rubber in the middle layer provides excellent thermal insulation performance, which effectively inhibits heat conduction and enhances infrared stealth efficiency. Meanwhile, as a four-directional elastic material, it exhibits deformation recovery capability in both the warp and weft directions as well as the 45° direction. The bottom layer of the PCM/WPU film has a phase change enthalpy of 154.3 J/g and possesses efficient thermal management capability. It achieves dynamic thermal regulation through the cycle of heat absorption at high temperatures and heat release at low temperatures.
Smart wearable devices have become integrated into people's daily lives, while triboelectric textiles are emerging as one of the most promising wearable power sources since they can harvest biomechanical energy with great wear comfort. However, the low and alternating output as well as the difficulties in large-area fabrication of triboelectric textiles severely restrict their practical applications. Here, core-sheath-structured fibers (CSSF) are obtained by conjugated electrospinning and then woven with cotton fibers and conductive yarns to form a dual-mode triboelectric textile (DMTT). The CSSF is strong enough for the subsequent weaving, sliding, and even washing, making sure the continuous production and great mechanical stability of the DMTT. In sliding mode, direct-current (DC) signals can be obtained via induction by the warp and weft interlaced structure, which achieves electrostatic breakdown. The maximum instantaneous DC output current reaches 420 mA·m-2, which is 6 times higher than the state of the art of DC triboelectric textiles. Moreover, the DMTT can also generate alternating-current signals when pressed by external force. The dual-mode outputs of DMTT make it possible to detect a much wider range of external stimuli, showing its great potential for multi-motion identification.