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The historical challenges facing veterinary care have been exacerbated by the surge in pet ownership and demand for services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Managers in veterinary services are essential in navigating these challenges while ensuring the provision of quality animal care. Evidence from human healthcare highlights the importance of developing and supporting managers to thrive in their management roles. However, there is currently no established management competency framework to guide development of managers working in veterinary care. A two-step approach was used to explore the existing efforts to develop a competent veterinary management workforce. A scoping review of Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. This review aimed to identify both the key management challenges in veterinary services and specific competencies required by veterinary managers. A supplementary web-based search of professional institutions and postgraduate programmes relevant to veterinary leadership and management was also completed. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria with only five of them published after 2011. The literature identified key challenges in managing veterinary services and revealed a limited recognition of skills and competencies for veterinary managers, especially when compared with the human healthcare sector. Several professional institutions and educational programmes supporting veterinary leaders were identified. Findings confirm that current approaches to management competency identification and development in veterinary care are insufficient. A validated, comprehensive framework to build management capability in veterinary care is urgently needed to support managers in fulfilling their roles and to promote sustainable veterinary service delivery.

Control of onchocerciasis (river blindness of humans due to infection with the filarial nematode, Onchocerca volvulus) remains a challenge because of the lack of effective adulticides and vaccines. Emodepside is a broad-spectrum veterinary anthelmintic that has been found to inhibit nematode muscle activity by activating their tetrameric SLO-1K channels. Emodepside has adulticidal activity and is being trialed for onchocerciasis treatment, but the molecular mode of action of emodepside is still being elucidated. Here, we examine the single-channel currents of Ovo-SLO-1A, a SLO-1K splice variant from O. volvulus, and explore how emodepside modulates the dynamics of the opening of the channel. Ovo-SLO-1A was expressed in HEK293 cells, and patch clamp electrophysiology techniques were used to record currents. Single-channel currents were recorded to determine open-state channel conductances and kinetics. Emodepside's effects were tested at 0.3 µM and 1.0 µM. Ovo-SLO-1A had a main open-state conductance of 110 ± 3 pS and frequent flickering subconductance states. The presence of the flickering subconductance states suggests that there is limited cooperativity between the tetrameric channel subunits required for opening to the main open state. Emodepside increased mean current amplitudes. Emodepside also increased open burst times, and open probability. Verruculogen (1 µM) inhibited channel opening in the presence or absence of emodepside. This study successfully expressed Ovo-SLO-1A in HEK293 cells, measured the conductance of the main open-state, and detected the presence of subconductance states and flickering openings. The increased amplitudes of the single-channel currents, open burst times, and open probabilities provides insights into the complex kinetics by which emodepside increases Slo-1K currents and illustrates the dynamic actions of emodepside on Ovo-SLO-1A.

While veterinary surgeons are known to have particularly high rates of injury compared to other sectors, little is known about the rates of injury among veterinary students. This study aims to understand animal-related injury rates, injury context and mechanisms, attitudes to reporting injuries, and resultant behaviour among UK and Irish veterinary students. A survey was distributed to students across all veterinary schools operating in the UK and Ireland in 2021. Questions explored participants' experience of injury through asking about their most recent and most severe injuries via quantitative and free-text questions. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and qualitative content analysis. Five hundred thirty-three responses were included in the analyses. Overall, 47.5% of the students reported having been injured by an animal during the veterinary degree, and 35.5% of the students reported being injured within the last 12 months. Most recent injuries were caused by companion animals (38.0%), livestock (37.6%) and equids (23.5%). For their most severe injuries, 48.7% involved livestock, 28.7% companion animals and 22.1% equids. The content analysis highlighted that students normalised injuries and infrequently reported injuries to the university. It was very rare for students to take time off from their studies or placements due to course pressures. These findings reflect concerningly high levels of injury, which are being under-reported and reflect a culture of injury acceptance and expectation among students. Veterinary schools should consider lessons learned in other work environments that have been successful in changing safety culture.

To compare outcomes of dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) treated with open right-sided barbed suture gastropexies (BSG) and standard right-sided incisional gastropexies (SIG). Retrospective cohort study. Client-owned dogs treated for GDV with BSG (n = 58) and SIG (n = 63). Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Suture type and size, surgery time, perioperative complications, and survival to discharge were recorded and compared between groups. Follow up was conducted by medical record evaluation, e-mail, or phone contact. Postoperative surgical complications, recurrence of gastrointestinal signs, gastric dilatation with or without volvulus, and survival time were recorded and compared. Categorical (χ2 versus Fisher's exact test) and parametric versus nonparametric (paired t-test versus Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test; one-way ANOVA versus Kruskal-Wallis) methods of comparison were applied as appropriate. Perioperative mortality rate was 5.79% (7/121) with no difference between SIG (5/63) and BSG (2/58) (p = .28). Barbed suture gastropexies resulted in shorter surgical times when compared to SIG when performed as the sole procedure (53.3 versus 62.6 min, p = .03). Perioperative and postoperative surgical complications (p = .12), recurrence of GDV (p = .22), or gastric dilatation without volvulus (p = .5) did not differ between groups. Postoperative gastrointestinal signs were reported in 23% of dogs with no difference between groups (p = .33). Barbed suture gastropexy is a viable option for surgical management of GDV. Persistent gastrointestinal signs remain possible regardless of gastropexy technique. Barbed suture gastropexy can result in shorter surgical times with similar recurrence rates to previously reported gastropexy techniques.

Veterinary medical care requires communication and collaboration among members of the veterinary team. Coordinating the efforts of diverse team members can increase the potential for conflict, which can adversely impact team satisfaction and patient care when not managed productively. Awareness of conflict management styles and self-awareness of one's own preferred mode(s) of navigating conflict are imperative to enhancing a broader understanding of conflict. The purpose of this pilot study was to characterise first-year veterinary medical students' preferred modes of conflict management at a single institution. Eighty-seven students (n = 87) completed the Thomas‒Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) and descriptive statistics were performed. Results revealed that accommodating (n = 35/87; 40.2%) was the most common preferred conflict-handling mode, followed by avoiding (n = 29/87; 33.3%). Collaboration, a highly assertive and cooperative mode, was the least common preferred conflict mode (n = 7/87; 8.0%). Our results are based on self-reported data at a single point in time and may not translate to real-world behaviour. Future research pursuits will focus on exploring how the conflict styles of veterinary students may change over time as they progress through their training and professional socialisation. This research suggests an opportunity for additional training in how to navigate conflict, with specific instruction on assertive and cooperative approaches to resolution. Future educational interventions related to conflict management training should be explored and additional research is needed to evaluate the most effective ways in which to incorporate these skills into veterinary medical training.

A genetic analysis was conducted to identify and classify sharks from the families Squalidae and Squatinidae at the Eastern Libyan coast of the Mediterranean Sea. This study was based on COI gene barcoding, and the sequences obtained were matched with global reference databases to ascertain their taxonomic identity and genetic diversity ratio. The sequences were then deposited in the GenBank database through the BankIt submission system, where the following accession numbers were assigned: Squalus mitsukurii (PV717998), Squalus megalops (PV718644), Squatina oculata (PV716693), Squatina squatina (PV738303), and Squatina aculeata (PV719649). The phylogenetic evolution tree was constructed by applying the neighbor-joining method (Chromas Pro v1.5 Beta). Squalus mitsukurii was the first confirmed genetic record of the Mediterranean Sea, whereas S. megalops was the first confirmed genetic record of the Libyan coast. In addition, S. oculata, S. squatina, and S. aculeata were genetically confirmed in Libyan waters for the first time. Haplotype network analysis revealed a clear distinction of genetic distance among the species, with little variation among the species. Nucleotide diversity and Tajima D were computed, and both showed a strong deviation from neutrality, which could have been caused by either selective pressures or past demographic changes. Collectively, these findings contribute significantly to the ichthyofaunal diversity of Libya and the Mediterranean Sea in general, and they further demonstrate the power of DNA barcoding as a means of recording and preserving shark diversity.

To evaluate whether participation in a high-volume sterilisation campaign increases veterinary students' confidence in surgical and anaesthetic skills. We hypothesised that the intervention would improve confidence across key domains and lead to satisfactory technical competence. Prospective, observational pre-post-intervention study. Field-based surgical campaign conducted over 10 days in eight rural communities in coastal Oaxaca, Mexico. Thirteen fourth-year veterinary students from two US universities volunteered to participate. Inclusion required students to be in their final year of training; all the students completed the study. Participants engaged in a 10-day sterilisation campaign, assisting in pre-, intra- and post-operative care under the supervision of licensed veterinarians. Surgical procedures focused on ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy in dogs and cats. The primary outcome was change in self-reported confidence across 11 surgical domains, measured pre- and post-intervention using a 0-10 Likert scale. The secondary outcome was technical competence, which was assessed on the final day using a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills rubric covering five domains. Significant increases in confidence were observed in 10 of 11 domains (Wilcoxon p < 0.05), with large effect sizes (r > 0.5). The highest effect was for ligating blood vessels (r = 0.877). Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills scores showed consistent proficiency, with domain means ranging from 3.58 to 3.94, and the strongest performance in instrument handling. Field sterilisation participation increased students' surgical confidence and end-of-campaign competence, but single-site uncontrolled sample and self-report limit generalisability; larger multisite controlled studies are needed objectively.

Significant opportunities for understanding the co-occurrence of conditions across species in coincident households remain untapped. We determined the feasibility of creating a Companion Care Registry (CCR) for analysis of health data from the University of Colorado Health (UCHealth) patients and their companion animals who received veterinary care at the geographically-adjacent Colorado State University Veterinary Health System (CSU-VHS). Overall populations of the institutions were compared. Using a hybrid deterministic and probabilistic record linkage method, non-medical Personally Identifiable Information was securely matched to determine the total number of UCHealth patients within the HIPAA-compliant Health Data Compass Research Data Warehouse (2015-2024) who took a companion animal to the CSU-VHS (2019-2024). 12&#xa0;115 matches were identified, indicating 29% of CSU-VHS clients were UCHealth patients. The overlap between CSU-VHS clients and UCHealth patients underscores the potential feasibility and utility of a CCR. This work provides a mechanism to evaluate environmental and inter-species influences on One Health.

From July 2021 through June 2024, we necropsied 35 American alligators from Louisiana, Alabama, and South Carolina (including the Gulf of America and Atlantic Ocean river basins). A new polystomatid, Latergater dupreezi n. gen., n. sp. is described based on specimens collected from the eye of 1 wild-caught American alligator measuring 1,450 mm in total length and captured from a salt marsh habitat within the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge (Grand Chenier, Louisiana) on 19 July 2021. The new species resembles species of Polystomoidinae Yamaguti, 1963 and Oculotrematinae Yamaguti, 1963. It is readily differentiated from species of Polystomoidinae by the combination of having circular haptoral suckers with skeletal elements but that lack marked separation between suckers; ceca having anterior, medial, and lateral diverticula; a compact testis that occupies a small proportion of the intercecal space (vs. a broad testis that spans the intercecal space); a sinistral and intercecal ovary (vs. an ovary that is ventral to the sinistral cecum) having a proximal oviduct extending mediad and then posteriad (vs. proximal oviduct extending anteriad); a small uterus (occupying a minute portion of the intercecal space), medial, and located close to the cecal bifurcation; and vaginal pores that open laterally at the level of or slightly posterior to the level of the testis. It differs from species of Oculotrematinae by having vaginae and lacking hamuli. No other nominal polystome has this combination of features; therefore, the erection of a new genus for the new species is warranted. We lack a nucleotide sequence for the new species because we used the only specimen we collected as a heat-killed, formalin-fixed, stained wholemount (holotype) for a taxonomic study that prioritized morphology. Without a nucleotide sequence (and phylogenetic analysis), we herein refrain from emending an existing subfamily or proposing a new subfamily to accommodate the new genus. This is the first record of a polystome infecting a crocodilian and the first definitive record of an ectoparasitic polystome infecting a host captured in saltwater.

Workplace and educational discrimination remain institutional issues, particularly for minoritised individuals, and can negatively affect performance and opportunity. This study sought to investigate the experience of discrimination and identity disclosure (being 'out') of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and others (LGBT+) members of the UK veterinary professions and students. A mixed-method approach was utilised to analyse 130 survey responses and examine associations between respondents' identity disclosure (being 'out' or not) and other variables. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, based within minority stress theory, to generate themes to explain findings. Over half the respondents reported having experienced or witnessed a range of discriminatory behaviours, and over half were not 'out' to all. When considering people's decisions around identity disclosure negative associations were detected for those who had witnessed discrimination and those who were unsure about antidiscrimination policy, and positive associations for those who felt supported at their place of work or study and by veterinary community in general. Three themes were generated that begin to explain respondents' experiences. Further research is required for institutions to know how our findings relate to their settings and to obtain additional in-depth understanding of individuals exposure to discrimination. Our findings indicate that LGBT+ discrimination remains an issue for some veterinary professionals and students in the UK. For the profession to move towards a more equitable future, we suggest that a multifaceted approach is needed to bolster institutional support and the active promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion initiatives.

This study investigated environmental contamination by Sporothrix spp. in a veterinary facility specialised in treating cats with sporotrichosis. Twelve samples were collected from frequently touched surfaces and cages of three cats at different treatment stages. Sampling sites included a procedure table, door handle, faucet, ethanol sprayer, an identification card with visible secretions, and cage components. Samples were cultured on Mycosel agar. Fungal growth was assessed through micromorphological analysis. Sporothrix was isolated from four samples (33%), one from the stainless-steel procedure table and the others associated with the cages of two symptomatic cats. Cat #1, with active ulcerative lesions, had positive cultures from both the cage grid and latch. Cat #2, in early treatment and showing respiratory signs, had fungal growth on the cage grid. No contamination was detected from Cat #3's environment, and for the remaining sports swapped. These findings suggest that cage surfaces in veterinary settings can be a source of environmental contamination and potential occupational exposure.

Mobile phones are commonly used in clinical areas, including theatre, anaesthesia and patient preparation. Contamination rates of 72.6%-100% for mobile phones are reported in human healthcare, including multidrug-resistant bacteria in more than 30%. Veterinary studies are limited to Staphylococcus only, but similarly high levels of contamination are reported. The personal and work mobile phones of veterinarians and nurses were swabbed for bacterial culture. Gram morphology and colony-forming units per millilitre (CFU/mL) were recorded for each bacteria grown. Participants completed an anonymous survey detailing habits of phone usage and hygiene. Swabs from 39 mobile phones were collected, with 16 of 39 (41%) positive for bacterial contamination. Gram-positive cocci were most common (38.4%), with 5.13% Gram-positive coccobacilli, 5.13% Gram-positive rods and 2.56% Gram-negative rods. Veterinarians' mobile phones had a significantly higher incidence of contamination than nurses' (62.5% vs. 6.7%; p = 0.007). More personal phones were contaminated than work phones (52.6% vs. 30%). Two mobile phones had growth of colonies more than 4000 CFU/mL. Mobile phone usage in clinical areas was reported by 76.2% of 21 participants, 57.1% cleaned their mobile phone less than weekly, 23.8% used non-antibacterial items to clean with and 23.8% had recently used their mobile phone in the bathroom. Bacterial contamination of mobile phones was common, with veterinarians having a significantly higher incidence compared to nurses. Gram-positive cocci were most common, but Gram-positive coccobacilli, Gram-positive rods and Gram-negative rods were also present. Mobile phone hygiene could be usefully included in infection control guidelines as they are potential fomites for healthcare-associated infections.

Longissimus muscles (LM) in sheep are important for animal scientists who study meat quality and translational researchers who study thoracolumbar spinal disease. Computed tomography (CT) is an established technique for characterizing paraspinal muscles in sheep; however, studies reporting reproducibility of CT measures using open-source software are lacking. The objectives of this prospective pilot study were to develop a standardized protocol for measuring LM area and density in sheep using CT and to determine the reproducibility for measurements. Thoracolumbar CT images were acquired for four sheep at five time points each as part of another study. Six observers applied a standardized CT image analysis protocol to record triplicate transverse area (cm2) and water phantom-corrected mean density (Hounsfield units, HU) values for the left and right LM. Average coefficients of variation (CVs) for 4 of 6 observers were good to excellent (<10%) for all variables. Average CVs did not differ among observers for 3 of 4 variables (ANOVA, p&#xa0;>&#xa0;.05).

Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) face unique challenges in delivering health care and sustaining digital health systems. These challenges include geographically dispersed populations and service delivery points, workforce shortages, and poor infrastructure. National electronic health records (EHRs) can strengthen health systems by facilitating continuity of care but are only available in 47% of countries worldwide. The status of national EHRs in PICTs has not been previously described in the published literature. This study aimed to map national EHR coverage in 14 PICTs of the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region classified as Small Island Developing States (SIDS). This included the presence or absence of a national EHR; identification of EHR software used; coverage nationally and across primary, secondary, and tertiary facilities; presence or absence of supporting digital health or health information system strategies and policies; comparison of national EHR coverage in PICTs with national EHR coverage globally; and exploration of a relationship between EHR coverage and country income in PICTs. Given the absence of peer-reviewed literature on EHRs in PICTs, an environmental scan methodology was selected to review gray literature sources. We conducted a 3-stage environmental scan to systematically search publicly available websites across government, bilateral, multilateral, and philanthropic organizations for documents describing the status of national EHR implementations in the aforementioned 14 PICTs. Of the 14 PICTs assessed, 12 countries (86%) have an EHR implemented at some level of the public health system, and 8 (57%) have a single national system implemented at more than one facility. Although this is higher than national EHR coverage rates globally (57/122, 47%), average coverage across the 12 PICTs using EHRs was only 39% (median 16%). We also identified a positive relationship between EHR coverage and country income status and generally medium to high EHR coverage across tertiary hospitals (19/41, 46%) and secondary care facilities (29/77, 38%) but low implementation at primary care facilities (61/4158, 1.5%). EHR coverage across all facilities in the 14 countries assessed was 2.5% (108/4267). EHR software used includes Tamanu (Nauru, Palau, Samoa, Kiribati, Fiji [Aspen Medical public-private partnership hospitals]), Medtech (Cook Islands, Niue), Vesalius (Tonga), PATIS Plus (Fiji), and custom systems. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that EHRs are being implemented in PICTs, including at scale in some settings. Despite high apparent coverage in some PICTs, the success of implementation and health worker usage remains unclear. Gray literature indicates that some EHRs currently available are failing or incapable of scaling nationally. To support sustainability of national EHRs in PICTs, governments should prioritize the implementation of fit-for-purpose, open-source, and scalable EHRs, and future studies should assess the success of EHR adoption and impact in the region.

The feeding of raw meat diets (RMDs) to dogs has become increasingly popular in the UK in recent years. A major concern surrounding RMDs is the potential risks to humans and animals posed by the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, particularly for transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study explores how veterinary professionals and owners conceptualise and communicate about the risk of AMR bacteria in RMDs. Focus groups and discussion forum data were used to explore veterinarian, nurse and dog owner views on the risk of AMR bacteria in RMDs. Six focus groups (three veterinary professionals and three dog owners) were conducted; additionally, 34 open-access discussion forum threads around RMDs were collected. All data were analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis. Results highlight that bacterial load (and therefore, potential for AMR) was perceived as a potential risk by participants from all groups, yet was generally considered less important than other concerns, such as nutrition. Veterinary professionals were concerned about AMR, and perceived issues, which could lead to the introduction of AMR bacteria at many stages of the production system. Raw-feeding dog owners placed greater trust than veterinary professionals in the processes of diet creation and their dog's immune systems to manage those risks. This study will help dog health professionals and dog owners alike in reconciling communication between pro-raw, neutral and cooked food feeders. Additionally, we identify that increased rigour in raw meat production systems could better protect consumers and public health.

Veterinarians play a crucial role in public health, animal welfare and human-animal relationships, yet their work involves increasing emotional, structural and ethical challenges. This study explored the lived experiences, perceptions, and needs of veterinary professionals in Italy to understand how these dimensions shape wellbeing and professional identity. A qualitative cross-sectional design was adopted. Twenty veterinarians were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Semi-structured online interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using the framework method. Four interconnected themes emerged: (1) structural vulnerabilities, including workload, economic pressure and contractual insecurity; (2) emotional labour and moral distress, particularly around euthanasia, client grief and ethical decision making; (3) interpersonal complexity, involving emotionally charged client relationships and team dynamics; and (4) professional identity and societal (mis)recognition, reflecting frustration with misconceptions and lack of institutional support. Communication emerged as a transversal challenge, with many participants reporting insufficient training for emotionally demanding interactions. Veterinary professionals face multifaceted challenges that affect their emotional health, job satisfaction and social recognition. Findings underscore the need for improved education, organisational restructuring and stronger institutional commitment to wellbeing. Enhancing public understanding of the veterinary role and promoting healthier human-animal relationships may support a more sustainable professional context. Despite diverse participant representation, the small, self-selected sample and predominance of female participants may have influenced findings. While not statistically generalisable, the study offers transferable insights into veterinarians' lived experiences and points towards future comparative research across contexts.

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To investigate whether chest and head conformation in dogs is associated with the etiology of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) and likelihood to experience sustained return of spontaneous circulation (sROSC) following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Retrospective study from the years 2000 and 2023 of dogs that underwent CPR that were one of two body types: either mesocephalic (Shepherd) or brachycephalic (Bulldog). Electronic medical records from one veterinary record system and from the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) CPR Registry were reviewed. A total of 162 dogs were included: 72 in the mesocephalic group (MC) and 90 Bulldogs in the brachycephalic group (BC). Data recorded included signalment, body weight, disease category, whether CPA occurred during general anesthesia, suspected cause of CPA, first identified rhythm on electrocardiogram during CPA, whether defibrillation was performed, whether open chest CPR was performed, whether ROSC was achieved and if it was sustained, and survival to discharge. The BC dogs were more likely to arrest associated with respiratory disease (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001), and MC dogs were more likely to arrest associated with cavity bleeding (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.012), trauma (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.012), or gastric-dilatation-volvulus (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001). The MC dogs were more frequently defibrillated (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.021). Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 34.7% (25/72) of MC dogs and 30.0% (27/90) of BC dogs (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.522). Survival to discharge was similarly dismal between the two groups (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.434) with 2/72 (2.8%) of MC dogs and 1/90 (1.1%) of BC dogs, which reflected both re-arrest and owner decisions. When out-of-hospital CPA cases were excluded, MC dogs were more likely to suffer from a surgical condition (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.017) and experienced ventricular fibrillation more often (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.032). Dogs with different head and chest confirmations developed CPA for different reasons, with diseases such as GDV and trauma more commonly affecting MC dogs and respiratory disease more commonly affecting BC dogs. Defibrillation was more common in the MC dogs.

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) causes inapparent to progressive fatal feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in domestic and wild cats, which affects multiple-organ systems. We investigated three clinically sick cats using different laboratory and molecular tests to diagnose and confirm FCoV and propagate the virus in Vero cell culture. All the cats exhibited effusive FIP with multiple clinical signs. The haematology profiles revealed lymphopenia in all cases and leukopenia, neutropenia and regenerative left shift in one case. Serum biochemistry showed elevated creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, hyperbilirubinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia in all the cases. Urinalysis revealed bilirubinuria in two cases and marked proteinuria in another. All effused samples showed a positive Rivalta test, and the cytology showed a mixed pyogranulomatous inflammatory exudate. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed that all the cats were infected with FCoV. The specific gene sequencing of three isolates clustered in the same clade of the phylogenetic tree, suggesting a closely related genotype associated with FIP in cats. Feline coronavirus induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in Vero cells, first appearing on day 5 post-infection (pi) in the primary passage. In the second passage, more distinct CPEs, including cell rounding, shrinkage, detachment and death, were evident from day 2 pi. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed active viral replication, with significantly decreasing Ct values across passages. The adaptation and propagation of FCoV in a non-feline cell line provide promising opportunities for future studies, including generating sufficient viral RNA for sequencing, evaluating antiviral resistance, and establishing a practical in vitro system for drug screening and vaccine development.