搜索结果：Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)

For the treatment of LUTS/BPH is used a wide range of drugs that patients have to take for a long time. Therefore, it is important to develop methods for predicting long-term results of therapy. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the possibility to predict long-term results of drug therapy of LUTS/BPH using mathematical modeling on the example of treatment with Serenoa repens extract (ESR - Permixon). For prediction using the methods of predictive analytics of the therapeutic ESR effect in the long term, materials from the open study "Clinical and biological long-term tolerance of a lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy" (No. P0048 95 GP 401) were used. The study took place in 1995-1999 in 3 Moscow medical centers: Research Institute of Urology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Urological Clinic of the Moscow Medical Academy named after Sechenov and the urology department of Moscow Clinical Hospital No 60. The study included 155 patients aged 52 to 87 years (65.3) who received the drug in 320 mg capsules per day for two years. The target indicators of the prognosis identified key clinical parameters: a decrease IPSS of>25% or>3 points and an increase in Qmax>25% at 12 and 24 months of treatment. When evaluating the results, a binary approach was used: improvement achieved (1), not achieved (0). Using the methods of predictive analytics, mathematical models were built to predict the long-term results of treatment according to the most significant 7 initial criterias (predictors): IPSS; Qmax; average urine flow rate; urination volume, urination time, residual urine volume, prostate volume. For each target field and time interval, mathematical models were built using ensembles from 7 selected machine learning algorithms with the best predictive qualities: BNet; C5.0; SVM; KNN; NNet; CHAID; C&RT. Verification of models on internal randomized samples showed their high prognostic properties: sensitivity 82.4-99.0; specificity 75.0-96.1; AUC 0,864-0,965. The potential for effective prediction by the methods of predictive analytics and data mining of the separated results of drug therapy of LUTS / BPH according to the main clinical criteria was demonstrated. It is necessary to continue training and testing the model with the inclusion of new clinical observations in the data set. This approach is applicable to the creation of similar models for predicting the effect of other drugs.

A total of 39 patients with prostatic hyperplasia (PH) admitted to the urological clinic of I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy from 1999 have been inserted a biodegradable catheter stent (BCS). Such stents degrade spontaneously to microfragments and come away with urine 4-12 months after catheterization. BCS were used in PH patients with marked urination disorders due to urethral compression by hyperplastic prostate in whom adenomectomy was contraindicated. BCS was used for elimination of a suprapubic fistula in the urinary bladder of 19 PH patients with contraindications to adenomectomy. 5-7 days before catheterization the urinary bladder was drained 2 times a day to reduce pyoinflammatory process. The cystostomic fistula closed within 24 h in all the patients. Adequate urination recovered. Urethral inflammation persisted for 4-6 weeks. It was treated with antibiotics with effectiveness 89.5% (in 17 of 19 patients). Pyoinflammation persisted in two patients who developed uroliths destructed later at endoscopic pneumatic cystolithotripsy. Control examination 6 months after the stent insertion found that the stent had destructed with evacuation of the fragments. In two patients two large fragments were locked in the urethra provoking acute ischuria. The fragments were removed by the forceps and urination became normal. None of the patients needed recystostomy. 32 stented patients 6 and 12 months after stenting had adequate urination (mean Qmax--12.3 and 10.8 ml/s, respectively). Mean residual urine--32 and 37 ml. BCS improves treatment outcomes and quality of life of PH patients with contraindications to adenomectomy.

We analysed case records of 2507 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated in the department of onco-urology of Cancer Research Center (Moscow). 1939 of them underwent nephrectomy between 1971 and 1999. The overall incidence of adrenal metastases according to CT and histological findings was 4.7%. Synchronous metastases occurred in 90 and metachronous ones in 30 patients. Radical nephrectomy with adrenalectomy was performed in 18 out of 90 patients with synchronous metastases, palliative nephrectomy in 20 and 52 patients were not considered for surgery. Among 18 patients who underwent complete surgical resection, 12(66%) had either lymph node involvement or distant metastases. A microscopic metastasis was found on histological examination only in 1 patient with normal CT scan and macroscopically intact adrenal on intraoperative assessment. Mean survival after radical nephrectomy with adrenalectomy in 6 patients with solitary lesions was 57 months compared to the longest survival of 31 months in patients with widespread disease. Solitary metachronous ipsilateral and contralateral adrenal involvement was present in 7 patients. The average interval between nephrectomy and appearance of adrenal metastasis in this group was 73 months. One patient was lost for follow-up and one died of adrenal deficiency 4.3 months after adrenalectomy. One patient underwent a consecutive removal of brain and lung metastases 33 and 38 months following adrenalectomy while the remaining 4 were alive in 15, 16, 26 and 34 months with no evidence of the disease. Thus, ipsilateral adrenalectomy is obligatory only in patients with severe disease as shown by CT scan or at nephrectomy. About one-third of the patients will benefit from the surgery. Adrenalectomy should be performed in case of obvious adrenal involvement. The aggressive surgical approach is justified in solitary metachronous adrenal involvement because of long-term survival expected in some of such patients.

The aim of the study was clinicodiagnostic assessment of current methods of computer visualization (spiral computed tomography, multispiral computed tomography) and their role in specification of indications, contraindications and technical characteristics of current methods of urolithiasis treatment. The results of combined examination and therapy of 759 urolithiasis patients treated in the urological clinic of I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy in 1999-2003 are presented.

Since the results of treatment of chronic pyelonephritis (CP) depend on timely and rationally selected targeted antibiotic therapy, when choosing a treatment regimen, it is necessary to rely on the local data obtained by monitoring the state of microflora in a particular hospital. to monitor the changes in urine microflora in patients with urinary stone disease. A total of 598 isolated bacteria and yeast-like fungi from patients with urinary stone disease who were treated in the Department of Urology during different time periods (1997-1999, 2010-2014 and 2015-2017 yy) were analyzed. A comparison of the urine microbiota in patients with single kidney stone (n=154) and staghorn stone (n=147) for the period 2015-2017 yy. was carried out. The significant changes of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were found with a tendency to decrease in the proportion of the latter (from 80.6% to 50.6%, p<0.05) due to a decrease in the proportion of P. mirabilis and complete absence of Enterobacter spp, Serraciae spp and Citrobacter spp. as well as an increase in the number of gram-positive bacteria (from 18 to 48.7%, p<0.05) owing to increase in the proportion of E. faecium + E. faecalis. During observation period, E. Coli has remained the leading pathogen (26.4+/-0.32%). During observation period, a permanent fourfold prevalence of gram-negative bacteria in clinically significant concentrations (>104 CFU/ml) was found: E. coli (36.8+/-4.1%). The proportion of K. Pneumonia increased from 8.5% to 17.4%, and proportion of P. mirabilis decreased from 20.3 to 10.4%. Despite a significant increase in the proportion of Enterococcus spp. (from 4.6 to 26.6%) in the general population, the incidence of microorganisms in clinically significant concentrations during analyzed period remained unchanged and did not exceed 8.46+/-4.76%. In patients with single stones and patients with staghorn stones there was no significant difference in the proportion of analyses with clinically significant concentrations of bacteria fer (p>0.05). The percentage of analyses with clinically significant concentration was 70.06%, while in all patients with urolithiasis it was 59.7%. In patients under and over 60 years old, the largest number of bacterial pathogens were represented by E. coli. (29.7% and 32.1%, respectively). E. Coli remains the leading bacterial causative agent of calculous pyelonephritis, both in the general population and in analyses with clinically significant concentrations of bacteria. There were no significant differences in urine microflora in patients with staghorn and single stones.

This paper examines how the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), an international organization formally committed to peaceful science, is deeply embedded in an ecosystem of military-industrial enterprises in the city of Dubna in Russia, contributing to training specialists and developing technologies used in Russia's military operations, including attacks on civilian facilities in Ukraine. It also shows how JINR collaborates with scientific institutions on the Ukrainian territories occupied by Russia, legitimizing the occupation and exposing international partners to legal and ethical risks. Despite these ties, JINR maintains broad international collaborations, allowing its scientists and engineers to access advanced technologies and indirectly support Russia's military capabilities, highlighting the need for greater awareness in the global scientific community and coordinated sanctions enforcement.

The present study aimed to improve upon the existing correlational literature on the parenthood penalty in Russia. An instrumental variables approach based on sibling sex composition and multiple births was employed alongside difference-in-differences designs to analyze rich census and longitudinal datasets. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to provide causal estimates of the effect of fertility decisions on subsequent labor market outcomes for mothers and fathers in contemporary Russia. The study's primary finding is that, in contrast to the approximately 10 percent long-term motherhood penalty observed in developed countries, the causal impact of childbearing on women's employment in Russia is most significant in the first year after birth, reducing employment by around 15 percent. This penalty then rapidly declines to a modest 3 percent once children reach school age. The analysis indicates an absence of a systematic fatherhood penalty in terms of employment, although a modest increase in labor supply is observed.

This paper analyzes sustainable regional economic development and land use employing a case study of Russia. The economics of land management in Russia which is shaped by both historical legacies and contemporary policies represents an interesting conundrum. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia embarked on a thorny and complex path towards the economic reforms and transformation characterized, among all, by the privatization and decentralization of land ownership. This transition was aimed at improving agricultural productivity and fostering sustainable regional economic development but also led to new challenges such as uneven distribution of land resources, unclear property rights, and underinvestment in rural infrastructure. However, managing all of that effectively poses significant challenges and opportunities. With the help of the comprehensive bibliographic network analysis, this study sheds some light on the current state of sustainable regional economic development and land use management in Russia. Its results and outcomes might be helpful for the researchers and stakeholders alike in devising effective strategies aimed at maximizing resources for sustain

This note highlights how Russia uses the international academic sphere-including scientometric databases, international publishers, and international organizations-as a propaganda tool to legitimize its appropriation of Ukrainian territories.

We study international mobility in academia, with a focus on the migration of published researchers to and from Russia. Using an exhaustive set of over $2.4$ million Scopus publications, we analyze all researchers who have published with a Russian affiliation address in Scopus-indexed sources in 1996-2020. The migration of researchers is observed through the changes in their affiliation addresses, which altered their mode countries of affiliation across different years. While only $5.2\%$ of these researchers were internationally mobile, they accounted for a substantial proportion of citations. Our estimates of net migration rates indicate that while Russia was a donor country in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it has experienced a relatively balanced circulation of researchers in more recent years. These findings suggest that the current trends in scholarly migration in Russia could be better framed as brain circulation, rather than as brain drain. Overall, researchers emigrating from Russia outnumbered and outperformed researchers immigrating to Russia. Our analysis on the subject categories of publication venues shows that in the past 25 years, Russia has, overall, suffered a ne

On February 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. In the days that followed, reports kept flooding in from layman to news anchors of a conflict quickly escalating into war. Russia faced immediate backlash and condemnation from the world at large. While the war continues to contribute to an ongoing humanitarian and refugee crisis in Ukraine, a second battlefield has emerged in the online space, both in the use of social media to garner support for both sides of the conflict and also in the context of information warfare. In this paper, we present a collection of over 63 million tweets, from February 22, 2022 through March 8, 2022 that we are publishing for the wider research community to use. This dataset can be found at https://github.com/echen102/ukraine-russia and will be maintained and regularly updated as the war continues to unfold. Our preliminary analysis already shows evidence of public engagement with Russian state sponsored media and other domains that are known to push unreliable information; the former saw a spike in activity on the day of the Russian invasion. Our hope is that this public dataset can help the research community to further understand the ever evolving role

Following the oil-price surge in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, many countries in the EU are cutting taxes on petrol and diesel. Using standard theory and empirical estimates, we assess how such tax cuts influence the oil income in Russia. We find that a tax cut of 20 euro cents per liter increase Russia's oil profits by around 11 million Euros per day in the short run and long run. This is equivalent to 4100 million Euros in a year, 0.3% of Russia's GDP or 7% of its military spending. We show that a cash transfer to EU citizens, with an equivalent fiscal burden as the tax cut, reduces these side effects to a fraction.

The Caucasus Mountain Observatory of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Moscow State University is the only one in Russia and one of the few in the world where is possible to obtain spectral data in the near-infrared (IR) range at $λ$=1-2.5 $μ$m. However, there is a problem of processing the spectra of extended objects, the angular dimensions of which exceed the length of the slit (4.5 arcmin). Obtaining additional spectra of the sky in the immediate vicinity of such objects does not solve the problem, since bright atmospheric hydroxyl lines at $λ$~2 $μ$m change their intensity significantly over a time shorter than the exposure time of a single frame. We have developed a technique that allows us to correctly account for and exclude the contribution of variable atmospheric lines in the spectra of extended objects. This technique has been successfully tested in spectroscopic studies of the star-forming region NGC 7538 (S158) in our Galaxy.

The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory infection that officially occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In late February, the disease began to spread quickly across the world, causing serious health, social, and economic emergencies. This paper aims to forecast the short to medium-term incidence of COVID-19 epidemic through the medium of an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, applied to Italy, Russia, and the USA The analysis is carried out on the number of new daily confirmed COVID-19 cases, collected by Worldometer website. The best ARIMA models are Italy (4,2,4), Russia (1,2,1), and the USA (6,2,3). The results show that: i) ARIMA models are reliable enough when new daily cases begin to stabilize; ii) Italy, the USA, and Russia reached the peak of COVID-19 infections in mid-April, mid-May, and late May, respectively; and iii) Russia and the USA will require much more time than Italy to drop COVID-19 cases near zero. This may suggest the importance of the application of quick and effective lockdown measures, which have been relatively stricter in Italy. Therefore, even if the results should be interpreted with caution, ARIMA mode

This article, the second in a series about the Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765), traces his education from his arrival in Moscow in 1731 to study at the Slavo-Greco-Latin Academy, through his admission to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1736, to his trip abroad to complete his educational studies from 1736 to 1741. Lomonosov's story during this time opens a vista on the introduction of modern physics and modern science into Russia. Michael D. Gordin has argued that Peter the Great's plans to Westernize Russia were more broadly conceived than he is usually credited, with ambitions that exceeded mere utilitarian and pragmatic goals. Lomonosov's career trajectory is a good example, illustrating how different aspects of the Petrine vision intersected with and reinforced each other. The article ends with Lomonosov's return to Russia from Germany in 1741, an important landmark in the growth of the Academy and of Russian science.

A direct method for calculating default rates by industry and target corporate segments is not possible given the lack of statistical data. The proposed paper considers a model for filtering the dynamics of the probability of default of corporate companies and other borrowers based on indirect data on the dynamics of overdue debt supplied by the Bank of Russia. The model is based on the equation of the balance of total and overdue debts, the missing links of the corresponding time series are built using the Hodrick_Prescott filtering method. In retail lending segments (mortgage, consumer lending), default statistics are available and supplied by Credit Bureaus. The presented method is validated on this statistic. Over a historical limited period, validation has shown that the result is trustworthy. The resulting default probability series are exogenous variables for macro_economic modelling of sectoral credit risks.

I present the results of my observations (visual and photographic) of the Geminid meteor shower in 2016, 2018, 2019 and 2020. I observed meteors from different regions (Moscow and Primorsky Krai) of Russia, under different observation conditions: light pollution, Moon phases and weather. I used a DSLR camera with a lens to photograph meteor tracks. I compare the results of my visual observations in different years and determine the coordinates of the meteors from the photographs to graphically demonstrate the radiant.

This Master's Thesis analyzes thoroughly the topic of the Mathematics Education in Russia and Mathematical Circles. It deals with the historical context of the Mathematics Education in Russia in the XVIIIth, XIXth and XXth centuries; the programs of the Mathematics Education which were developed between 1930 and 1985 in the Soviet Union, including the Mathematical Circles for its particularly importance and influence on the rest of the Programs and on the way of understanding the Mathematics Education; the objectives and the organization of practical cases nowadays, legacy of the Russian Mathematical Circles; and the way of establishing the didactic process of the Mathematical Circles. Finally it is attached an appendix with a practical proposal in order to develop a session following the Mathematic Circle manner within the current framework of the Spanish Middle and High School education.

To model the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus in Russian regions and in Moscow, a discrete logistic equation describing the increase in the number of cases is used. To check the adequacy of the mathematical model, the simulation results were compared with the spread of coronavirus in China, in a number of European and Asian countries, and the United States. The parameters of the logistics equation for Russia, Moscow and other large regions were determined in the interval (01.03 - 08.04). A comparative analysis of growth rates of COVID-19 infected population for different countries and regions is presented. Various scenarios of the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus in Moscow and in the regions of Russia are considered. For each scenario, curves for the daily new cases and graphs for the increase in the total number of cases were obtained, and the dynamics of infection spread by day was studied. Peak times, epidemic periods, the number of infected people at the peak and their growth were determined.