This study explored the utilization of medication for addiction treatment (MAT) by participants in one state physician health program (PHP) over the course of 30 years, and reviewed patterns of use and monitoring outcomes. Data were extracted from the PHP records of 45 physicians and 37 pharmacists with substance use disorder (SUD), with or without co-occurring pain disorder, who used opioid [partial] agonist or antagonist medication, with or without other MAT. Variables of interest included demographics, type/length of monitoring, use of medications during monitoring, results of neurocognitive testing, and monitoring outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize PHP participants. χ2 tests, Fisher exact test, and t tests were used for group comparisons. Findings demonstrated positive outcomes among the PHP participants, regardless of MAT use status, with over 70% graduating monitoring or currently in good standing. A minority completed their initial monitoring but returned to the PHP due to return-to-use (n=4, 4.9%), discontinued monitoring against recommendations (n=4, 4.9%), or were turned over to the licensing board due to noncompliance with monitoring (n=4, 4.9%). There were 5 deaths (unrelated to substance use). Periods of MAT use were not associated with worse outcomes or additional impairment. All FDA-approved MAT should be considered for physicians and pharmacists monitored by a PHP, on an individual basis, when deemed clinically appropriate. Extended-release formulations may be particularly helpful for this population. Results may help clarify misunderstandings and controversies surrounding the use of MAT for PHP participants, while also advancing patient-centered, evidence-based care.
Colonies of insects with morphologically distinct castes have been called superorganisms because the function of their queens and workers is analogous to the germline and soma in metazoan bodies. In the case of formicoid ants, workers typically have lost the sperm storage organ, but they have retained ovaries. These workers can lay unfertilized eggs, which develop into males. Worker reproduction typically occurs after queen loss and involves many physiological changes, including ovary activation and an extension of lifespan. Yet, in some ant species, the workers have become sterile and the colonies have many queens that are regularly turned over. This syndrome pre-adapts them to become nest-budding invasive ants. We hypothesized that the combination of full worker sterility and regular queen replacement should have relaxed selection on the typical worker response to queen loss, because workers would never experience a queenless state. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally removed queens in colonies of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus. We found that queen removal indeed failed to elicit changes in fat body gene expression. Queen removal also did not increase orphan workers' stress resilience, a response observed after queen loss in ants with single-queen colonies. We did detect comparable age-related transcriptional changes in both workers and queens, which shows that our analyses were sensitive enough to detect responses to queen loss. The highly polygynous syndrome of L. neglectus colonies may thus have selected for a somatic workforce that is physiologically independent of queen presence.
The reflection coefficient measurement of the RF signal generator output is clear when the signal generator output is turned off, as no interfering signal is present. However, measuring the reflection coefficient while the signal generator output is turned on creates complexity, as the generator's output power can interfere with the reflected signal. A vector network analyzer (VNA) is the reference instrument for measuring the reflection coefficient, capturing both the magnitude and phase of scattering parameters. For measuring the active output of a signal generator, the signals created by the generator and the VNA must be isolated to prevent signal mixing and interference. This paper proposes a unique method to measure the output reflection coefficient of an RF signal generator when the output is on, using a VNA configured for one port reflection coefficient measurement. The method involves tuning the VNA receiver to a frequency slightly offset to the generator's output. Simultaneously, selecting a narrow intermediate frequency bandwidth (IFBW) reduces the receiver's noise floor and also eliminates out-of-band interference. As a result, the VNA and the generator operate in different frequency bands to avoid interferences between them, enabling accurate magnitude and phase measurements. To automate the process, a Windows-based software has been developed. This software automates the measurement sequence, controls generator power levels and VNA sweep parameters, captures both the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient, and records the result data. It also supports measurement at different output power levels, enabling characterization across a wide range of operating conditions.
This study investigated the interactive effects of warming and inundation on methane (CH4) fluxes and soil physicochemical mechanisms in the littoral wetland of Qinghai Lake. Soil samples were collected from the Bird Island littoral wetland. Eight treatments were established: natural control (CK), different inundation depths (S0, S10, S20), warming alone (ZWCK), and warming combined with inundation (ZW0, ZW10, ZW20). CH4 fluxes were measured over one year using an ABB LGR analyzer. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Mantel tests were used to identify environmental drivers. The main findings are as follows: (1) Under different water level treatments, CH4 fluxes showed a unimodal seasonal pattern, peaking in autumn. Warming and the interactive treatments shifted the emission pattern to bimodal or multimodal and significantly increased emission intensity. The warming-alone group had the highest annual emission, with anomalously high winter emission (47.683 μg·m-2·h-1). Under the ZW20 treatment, emissions were synergistically enhanced in summer and autumn but turned to suppression in winter. (2) PCA showed that the carbon nitrogen pool (70.5%) and the salinity pH gradient (14.9%) were the main drivers of soil variation. The interactive effects on carbon-nitrogen dynamics shifted with season: warming promoted accumulation in spring; warming with shallow inundation retained carbon-nitrogen in summer, but deep inundation caused loss; warming with deep inundation formed a nutrient center in autumn; inundation dominated accumulation in winter, while warming increased loss. (3) Mantel tests showed that carbon-nitrogen components were highly correlated across seasons, but were strongly and positively correlated with CH4 flux only in autumn (Mantel's r ≥ 0.4, p < 0.05), indicating autumn as the key window. These findings provide important insights into carbon cycling processes and regulatory mechanisms of alpine wetlands under future climate change scenarios.
In 2024, the total number of heart transplants in the United States reached a record of 4,636, an 81.5% increase since 2013. Of these, 4,146 occurred in adults while 490 occurred in pediatric recipients (93.5% and 19.2% increases, respectively, since 2013). This growth has been insufficient to meet the demand, as the number of adult patients awaiting transplant has always far exceeded the number of transplants performed. This is compounded by increasing numbers of new listings, although new adult listings have increased to a lesser extent (by 57.0%) than adult transplants since 2013. Pediatric heart transplants have only increased 19.2% since 2013, with an apparent plateau since 2018. Except for pediatric candidates aged 12-17 years and those who turned 18 while waiting, there has been a decline in heart transplant rates since 2013: in candidates younger than 1 year, a 48.2% decrease (123.6 [in 2024] versus 238.5 [in 2013] transplants per 100 patient-years); in those aged 1-5 years, a 41.4% decrease (54.0 versus 92.1 transplants per 100 patient-years); and in those aged 6-11 years, an 18.2% decrease (71.0 versus 86.8 transplants per 100 patient-years). The prevalence of heart donors after circulatory death increased to 17.9%. Pretransplant mortality in adults declined slightly, to 8.4 deaths per 100 patient-years, and in pediatric candidates reached a 10-year low of 8.2 deaths per 100 patient-years. Most adult heart transplants (54.9%) were performed at adult status 2, while most pediatric heart transplants (88.8%) were performed at status 1A. There were 974 transplants performed in adults with Impella only, 716 with intra-aortic balloon pump only, and 189 with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation only. The 1- and 5-year survival after transplant remained stable (for transplants in 2017-2019): 91.2% and 80.1% in adults and 92.3% and 83.9% in pediatric recipients, respectively. Two-year survival was lowest in recipients listed at adult status 5 (79.3%) and highest in recipients listed at adult status 6 (91.1%).
Migrant women experience disproportionately high rates of perinatal mental health difficulties, shaped by intersecting cultural, social, and systemic barriers. Despite the increasing role of digital technologies in healthcare delivery, their potential to support equitable perinatal mental health care remains underexplored and often fails to reflect the complex realities of migrant women's lives. This study examined how women from migrant backgrounds in Australia navigate perinatal mental health care across clinical, community, and digital settings, with a particular focus on how digital tools interact with cultural, social, and structural factors to influence help-seeking and engagement. Qualitative data were collected through online focus groups and individual interviews with women from Chinese-, Arabic-, and Indian-language speaking backgrounds who had given birth in Australia. A semi-structured, culturally adapted interview guide explored women's experiences of mental health support, barriers and facilitators to access, cultural beliefs, and the role of digital tools in finding/interpreting information. Interviews were conducted with interpreter support and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns across women's narratives. Three overarching themes, each with related subthemes, were developed: (1) Accessing Perinatal Care captured fragmented systems and difficulties navigating services that felt culturally unresponsive; (2) Cultural and Socio-Emotional Context of Mental Health reflected how stigma, traditional beliefs, and disrupted family networks shaped women's emotional wellbeing, help-seeking, and comfort disclosing distress; and (3) Support Seeking illustrated how women turned to digital platforms for connection, and guidance but were constrained by language barriers, and varying levels of digital literacy and access. Migrant women navigate fragmented perinatal mental health pathways shaped by cultural, social, and structural barriers. Digital tools can support help-seeking, but only when designed to address cultural relevance, language needs, and digital inequities. Equity-focused, co-designed approaches are essential to ensure digital solutions genuinely enhance perinatal mental health care for migrant women.
This is a case of a 55-year-old male with multivessel coronary artery disease and severe aortic stenosis. The patient presented with multiple recent hospitalizations for heart failure and had been turned down for heart transplantation approximately one year prior. The heart team determined that the patient was high-risk for sternotomy due to recent chest radiation and high-risk for transfemoral approach due to severe peripheral vascular disease. Ultimately, the patient underwent robotic minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass with concomitant graft-assisted transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Myeloid malignancies encompass a heterogeneous group of haematological disorders, primarily including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). MDS is characterised by defective myeloid cell maturation, while MPNs involve the pathological overproduction of myeloid lineage cells. In the absence of timely diagnosis and effective clinical intervention, both entities carry a substantial risk of progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Although allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only potentially curative therapy, its application is frequently constrained by patient-related factors such as advanced age and comorbid conditions. While currently, hypomethylating agent therapy (azacitidine and decitabine) is mainly used in high-risk MDS patients, and ruxolitinib is primarily used in symptomatic primary myelofibrosis (PMF-MPN), their clinical efficacy remains suboptimal. More recently, focus has turned toward the role of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in disease pathogenesis and whether therapeutically targeting the TME, either alone or in combination with conventional therapy, could present a new treatment option. Emerging evidence underscores the significant influence of TME components, particularly macrophages and T cells, in modulating immune responses and shaping the leukaemic niche to either facilitate or hinder malignant progression. In response, a new generation of immune checkpoint inhibitors are being developed to target the TME, including PD-1/CTLA-4 blockers, macrophage-directed agents including CD47 inhibitors, and T cell-targeting checkpoint inhibitors such as TIM-1 and LAG-3. This review will describe the functional role of key TME constituents in the progression of myeloid malignancies and explore the current landscape and future potential of advanced cellular and molecular immunotherapies in the treatment of these disorders.
Present research is focused on the preparation and characterization of bio-based polymer blends intended for sustainable food-packaging applications, starting from poly(butylene 2,5-furanoate) (PBF), characterized by very good barrier performance but quite high mechanical rigidity. In order to further improve gas permeability and increase its ductility, binary blends were prepared, combining PBF with varying amounts of poly(pentamethylene furanoate) (PPeF), another furan-based polyester with outstanding mechanical flexibility and gas barrier properties. The resulting materials were processed into compression-molded films and investigated through molecular, morphological, structural, thermal, and mechanical analyses. Blending turned out to be the winning tool in order to keep the high thermal stability of the reference homopolymers, increasing, at the same time, mechanical ductility and further lowering the permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide compared to those measured for neat PBF. All these results were achieved without the use of any compatibilizer. Lastly, in order to test the end of life of these materials, composting studies were carried out, revealing a higher degree of weight loss for the blends compared with PBF homopolymer.
Population ageing is accompanied by an increasing burden of multimorbidity and frailty, both of which are consistently associated with poorer health-related quality of life (QoL). Although several geriatric domains influence QoL in older adults, their combined association remain insufficiently explored in institutionalised populations. This study aimed to examine the independent and combined associations between age, multimorbidity, frailty, and QoL in institutionalised older adults and to explore which quality-of-life domain was most strongly associated with geriatric assessment variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 72 institutionalised older adults in Spain. Multimorbidity (number of chronic conditions), frailty (Fried phenotype), functional status, nutritional status, fall risk, and QoL were assessed using validated instruments, including the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Pearson correlations and canonical correlation analysis were used to examine relationships between geriatric assessment variables and QoL domains. Analysis of variance and regression tree were subsequently applied to explore associations affecting the Physical Health domain. A correlation analysis identified the Physical Health domain as the QoL dimension most strongly associated with geriatric variables. On the other hand, frailty, age and number of chronic diseases turned out to be the most explanatory in our study and were classified: the first according to the standard protocol, and the other two using a regression tree. Then, a three-way additive ANOVA explained 36.4% of the variance, with age as main influential. Namely, we estimate that the poorest QoL occurs in subjects over 84 who have more than three chronic conditions and are classified as frail. However, this is not a validated clinical decision rule since these cutoff points may vary in other samples. In this sample of institutionalised older adults, age emerged as the main variable associated with lower physical QoL, multimorbidity contributes to the cumulative burden of disease, and frailty may reflect the systemic decline in physiological reserves.
Conifers are a challenging host for herbivores since their tissues are very low in essential nutrients but high in chemical defenses. For herbivorous insects, such as phloem-colonizing bark beetles, mutualistic fungi may improve their diet by providing a nutritious mycelium. A recent study revealed that two filamentous fungi are mutualists of the European fir engraver beetle Pityokteines vorontzowi, but a potential nutritional contribution of the fungi, as well as their capability to degrade plant antiherbivore defenses remains unknown. We analyzed the nutrient content of the fungal mutualists Ophiostoma piceae and Geosmithia sp. F1 and examined their ability to degrade the constitutive chemical defenses of silver fir phloem in comparison to other fungi. Both mutualists turned out to be rich in amino acids, sugars, and B vitamins and were found to efficiently deplete their phloem media of several defenses. Strikingly, O. piceae not only accumulated the highest amounts of the B vitamin nicotinic acid of the 17 tested fungi but also showed a high ability to deplete its medium of chemical defenses, similar to the behavior of the Ips typographus mutualist Endoconidiophora polonica. Beetle-vectored, non-mutualistic fungi isolated from P. vorontzowi showed similar capacities to deplete defensive compounds, whereas non-fir-associated fungi were less effective in reducing their concentrations in the phloem medium. The nutritious mycelium of O. piceae and Geosmithia sp. F1 and the ability of these fungi to deplete the medium of major fir defense compounds likely facilitates the colonization of silver fir phloem by P. vorontzowi.
Diclofenac (DCF) is a widely used drug and has been frequently detected in treated municipal wastewaters. With the widespread promotion of wastewater reuse, DCF is inevitably introduced into agricultural ecosystems, but the knowledge of ecotoxicity on soil animals remains limited. This study evaluated the ecotoxicity of DCF on Eisenia fetida exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations. An integration of toxic end points, including growth, reproduction, and survival, were measured, and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the mechanism. The results showed that DCF exposure decreased earthworm growth and reproduction (even at 0.2 μg/L) and also led to lethality. Disruptions of energy supply in earthworms induced by oxidative stress mainly contributed the toxicity. Mechanism analyses further revealed that the DCF exposure inhibited glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle rates and promoted protein catabolism for energy supply, which exacerbated the energy insufficiency and caused lethality. Collectively, it turned out that bioenergetic disorders were the primary causes for earthworms.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage remains low among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women in the Asia-Pacific region, and discrete choice experiments identified user preferences for PrEP modalities. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and economic effects of implementing preference-driven PrEP among MSM and transgender women. We used preference data from large-scale discrete choice experiments in 16 Asia-Pacific countries and territories during May and November, 2022, involving MSM at substantial risk (MSMSR), MSM at low risk (MSMLR), and transgender women for daily oral, on-demand, and long-acting injectable modalities of PrEP. We developed a mathematical model to translate stated preferences into willingness to use PrEP and subsequent coverage levels. We then estimated the annual HIV acquisitions averted and the cost per acquisition averted for three single-modality and one mixed-modality PrEP strategies compared to baseline coverage. Results are reported as medians with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Estimated willingness to use PrEP ranged from 46·8% (range 40·2-81·6) for on-demand PrEP (in MSMLR in Nepal) to 95·2% (95% UI 84·4-97·2) for the mixed-modality PrEP (in transgender women in Laos), with PrEP coverage of 10·8% to 30·8%. Long-acting injectable PrEP yielded the highest reductions in annual HIV acquisitions, from 17·1% (lowering the median number of acquisitions from 112 to 93) for transgender women in Cambodia to 31·8% (median reduction 457 to 310) among MSMSR in Australia. Median cost per acquisition averted was lowest for on-demand PrEP, from US$2302 (95% UI 1610-3370) among transgender women in Viet Nam to $742 727 (430 928-1 357 458) among MSMLR in Japan, and highest for long-acting injectable PrEP, from $21 132 (12 682-34 348) among transgender women in India to $10 315 297 (5 919 094-19 317 799) among MSMLR in Japan. Once HIV incidence is above the critical turning point (0·22-3·22 per 100 person-years), cost per acquisition averted drops sharply from a range of $9890-48 305 000 to $200-200 070. Implementation of preference-driven PrEP strategies could substantially reduce HIV incidence. Long-acting injectable PrEP offered the greatest efficacy at the highest cost, whereas on-demand PrEP was the most economically efficient modality. Targeting PrEP to areas with higher incidence can greatly decrease the cost. National Key R&D Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Young Elite Professional of the Shaanxi Three Qin Talents Special Support Program; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Grant. For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Digital public health services (DPHS) succeed when three elements align: dependable operations, clear public-value benefits, and credible institutional trust. How these elements jointly shape user satisfaction across cultures remains unclear. Identify which user-voiced themes relate most to satisfaction, whether legitimacy and civic messages change how complaints affect ratings, and how these relationships vary across cultures. We analyzed app-store reviews for two DPHS apps (Indian/UK) using structural topic modeling aligned with Public Value Theory dimensions, public-value outcomes (PVO), operational capacity (OC), and the authorizing environment (AE). Ordered logit models estimated main effects of theme salience on ratings; interaction models tested whether AE cues (institutional legitimacy, prosocial messaging) moderate OC and PVO complaints; a cross-country sensitivity analysis compared India and the UK. OC problems, access, verification, updates, stability, are the most consistent drivers of dissatisfaction. PVO features lift satisfaction only when they deliver end-to-end in real conditions (reliable booking, trustworthy exposure logic, seamless results integration); ambiguous signals or broken data flows quickly erode confidence. Legitimacy and civic cues matter, but not as substitutes for reliability: pairing "trust in government" or solidarity appeals with unresolved core faults typically worsens perceptions; the same cues help when problems are peripheral or visibly being fixed. Cultural differences reshape these effects. In more collectivist, higher power-distance settings, stewardship and shared-purpose framing contribute more to satisfaction once basics work. In more individualist, egalitarian settings, users weigh demonstrable privacy safeguards, transparent evidence, and precise remediation over patriotic messaging. Make reliability non-negotiable, verify public-value features in live conditions before promotion, and tailor legitimacy strategies to culture. Use civic appeals to amplify, not replace, operational excellence; lead with privacy, transparency, and proof where autonomy expectations are higher. This framework turns Public Value Theory into an actionable playbook for DPHS design, communication, and rollout.
Precision manufacturing in CNC turning operations faces persistent challenges from complex, time-varying error sources, encompassing thermal deformation, progressive tool wear, and force-induced deflections. In this work we propose an adaptive error compensation framework that brings deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and genetic algorithms (GA) into a coupled, bidirectional loop, rather than treating them as standalone tools. GA performs global hyperparameter and reward-weight optimisation, while DRL handles real-time adaptive control through continuous interaction with the cutting environment. Validation on aerospace-grade Ti-6Al-4 V turning yields a mean absolute error of 2.6 μm-an 86.3% compensation effectiveness-together with 38% faster convergence than standalone DRL and a process capability index of 1.67 that comfortably clears the six-sigma threshold. Beyond ablation against DRL-only and GA-only configurations, we benchmark the fusion algorithm against three mainstream predictive-compensation baselines (BPNN-based, LSTM-based, and PSO-based) under identical machining conditions, and the proposed approach retains a clear margin across MAE, RMSE, recovery time, and convergence. The limits of the method are also reported: compensation accuracy degrades once cutting parameters drift more than 30% beyond the training envelope or when the workpiece material differs substantially from the training distribution, a constraint that motivates the transfer-learning extensions discussed later in the paper.
This article presents a carefully curated dataset of mango leaves, collected from the northern regions of Bangladesh, specifically from Naogaon District, a major mango-producing area. Bangladesh, known for its agriculture, frequently faces leaf diseases that impact mango yield and quality. Early detection is crucial to prevent widespread damage and ensure better disease management. The dataset comprises 4921 raw image samples, categorized into five distinct classes: Healthy, Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew, Turning Brown, and Gall Midge. The images were captured under natural lighting conditions to preserve the leaves' intrinsic visual features, ensuring authenticity and variability. This dataset is a valuable resource for botanical research and machine learning applications, particularly in the automated classification of mango leaf diseases, helping researchers develop more effective disease detection models.
The development of high-clearance, electrically powered agricultural machinery is essential for improving farming efficiency and sustainability. This study presents the design and development of a high-clearance e-vehicle to support a robotic cotton picker, enabling efficient navigation through densely planted cotton fields. A Python-based computational model was used to determine significant vehicle parameters, including centre of gravity, slope stability, turning dynamics, and moment of inertia. The centre of gravity was located at 585.54 mm longitudinally, 867.47 mm laterally, and 1083.46 mm in height from reference points. Stability analysis revealed maximum upgrade and downgrade slopes of 28.39° and 43.67°, respectively, with critical turning speeds of 24.71 km/h for left turns and 27.26 km/h for right turns. The moment of inertia about the centre of gravity was calculated as 51135.31 kg-mm-s2. Additionally, the vehicle's speed performance was evaluated under different motor speeds and gear settings, with a maximum speed of 12.19 km/h achieved in motor speed mode 1 at gear 2. The results confirm that the e-vehicle maintains stability while manoeuvring slopes and turns, effectively operating in fields with row spacings of 900 mm and 675 mm. This study contributes to the advancement of energy-efficient agricultural machinery, addressing challenges in navigating complex crop geometries and supporting the transition to sustainable precision farming.
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Several studies in Western countries have found that first- and second-generation immigrants have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Mental health literacy can facilitate help-seeking and prevent chronic mental conditions. This study explores cross-generational differences in schizophrenia literacy among immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel. Data were collected using a cross-sectional online survey of 405 respondents who self-identified as first-generation, 1.5-generation, or second-generation FSU immigrants. Questions about schizophrenia literacy were adapted from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma, tapping into the recognition of schizophrenia, knowledge of potential helpers, first-aid support, and effective interventions for persons with schizophrenia (PwS) as well as attitudes, measured by personal stigma and trust in the healthcare system. The findings revealed that knowledge was associated with trust in the healthcare system across generations. First-generation immigrants were less likely to correctly identify a distress situation as involving schizophrenia and held more stigmatic attitudes toward PwS. Their utilization of mental healthcare services was lower, compared to the younger generations, which they compensated for by turning to traditional treatment and hypnosis. Lower trust in the mental healthcare system was also found among the first-generation immigrants, as compared to the 1.5- and second-generation groups. In conclusion, lower levels of knowledge and more stigmatizing attitudes toward schizophrenia reflect the lingering effects of living in the Soviet Union, placing first-generation immigrants in a vulnerable position. Implications for culturally adapted interventions aimed at increasing schizophrenia literacy and mental health trust among FSU immigrants are proposed.
Marine by-products represent a promising source of bioactive peptides. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a low-molecular-weight peptide fraction with antioxidant activity from Argentine shortfin squid carcass by-products, and to evaluate in vitro its cytocompatibility and protective effects against corticosterone (CORT)-induced oxidative injury in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and human astrocyte (hACs) cells. Argentine squid antioxidant peptide (PASN) was obtained by size-exclusion chromatography and fractionation-based screening. PASN exhibited the strongest overall free-radical-scavenging activity and consisted predominantly of components below 1 kDa (211.73-1013.48 Da). Spectroscopic analyses indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis transformed its structure from a rigid triple-helix conformation to a more flexible conformation dominated by β-turns (50.78%) and random coils (17.38%). In addition, thermogravimetric analysis confirmed its excellent thermal stability, with an onset decomposition temperature as high as 244.81 °C, supporting its potential applicability in high-temperature food-processing matrices. In vitro assays demonstrated that PASN exhibited high biocompatibility and promoted proliferation of both PC12 cells and hACs, while significantly improving cell viability under CORT challenge. PASN also reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage (hACs: 38.31%; PC12: 31.17%) in both cell models and restored total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (hACs: 69.46%, PC12: 66.40%). Immunofluorescence further revealed that PASN rescued the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (hACs: 35.23%, PC12: 12.50%) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD1/2) (hACs: 102.66%, PC12: 31.31%), key markers associated with synaptic plasticity and GABAergic sleep regulation. Collectively, PASN is a thermally stable squid-derived peptide fraction that exerts antioxidant and cytoprotective effects in neural cell models in vitro and represents a promising sustainable candidate for nutraceutical development.