This article reports the results of the 2025 National Practice Survey (NPS), documenting professional engagement in the diabetes care and education specialist (DCES) specialty, conducted by the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists (ADCES). The quantitative NPS survey was administered online using email addresses compiled from ADCES and Certification Board for Diabetes Care and Education. Data were collected over a 4-week period in 2025. Descriptive and correlative statistics were used to identify relationships between variables and are discussed in the context of existing literature and previous NPS surveys. The responses from the 2479 respondents to this NPS find those serving as DCESs to be a diverse group of professionals, working within the context of both an expanding diabetes care team and population with diabetes. While serving disparate populations, they appear, as a group, to actively seek out training opportunities to further their understanding of those they work with and professional credentialing and other educational advancement. DCESs appear to have an expanded role in patient care and increased responsibility in providing colleagues and people with diabetes with guidance on diabetes-related technology. Given the advances in the care and treatment of diabetes, DCESs are an important conduit for patient-centered care. Understanding the current practice of the DCES provides insights to address the evolving needs of diabetes prevention, diabetes and cardiometabolic syndrome care, treatment, and education with a workforce prepared to integrate technology and best practices for people living with diabetes.
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to develop and psychometrically test the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (CC-SCODI), a new tool for assessing caregiver contribution to self-care in diabetes, among informal caregivers of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A total of 251 patients with T2DM and their informal caregivers were included. The CC-SCODI measures the caregiver contribution to patients' self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. It also assesses the caregiver self-efficacy in contributing to patient self-care. To evaluate dimensionality, a confirmative factor analysis was conducted. To evaluate reliability, the multidimensional model-based reliability index was estimated. To assess construct validity, associations between caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management and caregiver self-efficacy, caregiver burden, and dyadic care type were tested.ResultsA multidimensional structure emerged for caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance and monitoring scales, and a unidimensional structure emerged for caregiver contribution to self-care management and caregiver self-efficacy scales. All the reliability indices were higher than 0.70. Significant associations were found between caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management and caregiver self-efficacy, caregiver burden, and dyadic care type.ConclusionsThe CC-SCODI is suggested to be valid and reliable for assessing caregiver contribution to self-care in caregivers of patients with T2DM.
The purpose of this review was to systematically identify, explore, and synthesize findings from primary qualitative studies on adolescents' self-management experiences with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) following participation in a structured diabetes education program. Systematic searches were conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO without restrictions on publication dates or language. Any qualitative or mixed-methods studies reporting the self-management experience and/or perspectives of adolescents ages 10 to 24 with either T1DM or T2DM following participation in a structured diabetes education program were included. Tools from the Clinical Appraisal Skills Program were used to evaluate study quality, and thematic synthesis was employed to analyze the qualitative data. Four studies focused on adolescents with T1DM were included, with no studies found addressing the experiences of adolescents with T2DM. Thematic synthesis revealed 6 analytical themes. Three themes related to experiences of T1DM self-management: (1) self-confidence in diabetes self-management, (2) improving diabetes self-management practice, and (3) coping with diabetes; three further themes related to the barriers and facilitators to T1DM self-management: (1) parents' attitude and understanding of the condition, (2) peer support, and (3) communication with health care providers. Several factors were identified as valuable in helping adolescents with T1DM improve self-management adherence. However, evidence on self-management experiences after participating in a structured diabetes education program for adolescents with T2DM remains limited. There is urgent need for future research to find the best ways to support and empower young people in self-managing their diabetes through tailored education.
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led quality improvement initiative on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) at a primary care clinic. As part of a pharmacist-led quality improvement initiative between March 1, 2022, and March 1, 2023, patients with CKD and HF were considered for SGLT2 inhibitor therapy by a primary care provider or referred to the pharmacy team for potential initiation of treatment using a collaborative practice agreement. The pharmacy team was led by a diabetes care and education specialist (DCES) who regularly manages drug therapy, including SGLT2 inhibitors, for people with diabetes. Predefined criteria for appropriate SGLT2 inhibitor use in patients with CKD and HF was developed to identify eligible patients. The primary outcome of this initiative was the change in the proportion of patients appropriately receiving SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. A total of 71 patients met treatment criteria. Of the 71 patients identified, 57 were not receiving treatment at baseline. By the end of the initiative, the proportion of patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitor therapy increased from 19.7% to 50.7%. Treatment was initiated by the pharmacist in 64% of patients. This initiative resulted in a significant improvement in SGLT2 inhibitor use for patients with CKD and HF. The findings highlight the feasibility of using DCES-credentialed pharmacists in an interprofessional care team to initiate SGLT2 inhibitor therapy for patients with these conditions in the primary care setting.
Diabetes care and education specialists (DCESs) play a crucial role in the early detection and monitoring of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by using their expertise to educate, support, and provide guidance. Because US Food and Drug Administration approved therapies, such as Tzield (teplizumab), provide the opportunity for earlier intervention, DCESs can contribute to better outcomes for those at risk of developing T1D by facilitating participation in clinical trials aimed at prevention and delay of the disease and reducing complications such as diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis. DCESs are uniquely positioned to identify individuals at the highest risk of developing T1D, educate them on the benefits of early detection, and provide guidance on monitoring for disease progression. The role of the DCES extends beyond clinical care, involving community outreach, emotional support, and referrals to specialists and clinical trials. By working within the ADCES7 Self-Care Behaviors Framework®, DCESs can help individuals and their families understand and navigate the complexities of early-stage T1D to ensure timely care and reduce the risk of DKA. This article emphasizes the critical role the DCES plays in improving access to care, enhancing health outcomes, and supporting the quality of life for individuals with early-stage T1D.
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led intervention via the LINE Official Account (OA) application on knowledge, self-care, and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbidities in Thailand.MethodsA cluster 2-arm randomized controlled trial with assessments at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks was conducted in 2 noncommunicable disease clinics between October 2023 and March 2024. A total of 108 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 55) or control group (n = 53). Using Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory as a conceptual framework, the 12-week intervention included knowledge and behavioral assessment, health education support, and practicing reminder via the LINE OA application. The control group received usual care. Outcomes included knowledge, self-care agency, self-care behaviors, A1C, blood pressure, and microalbuminuria (MAU). Data were analyzed using t-tests, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Cohen's d.ResultsCompared to the control group, at 6 and 12 weeks, participants in the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, self-care agency, and self-care. Clinically significant changes in A1C, blood pressure, and MAU were observed at 12 weeks in the intervention group.ConclusionThe study findings highlight the effectiveness of the nurse-led intervention via LINE OA application in knowledge, self-care, MAU, and A1C improvement. Extended study duration is recommended to assess sustainability for the future study.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate TikTok videos about type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in English and Spanish, with a focus on the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists' 7 self-care behaviors (ADCES7). This descriptive study analyzed 300 TikTok videos via English and Spanish hashtags related to T2DM and categorized self-management education content utilizing the ADCES7 self-care behavior framework. Video content creators were categorized into 3 groups: health care professionals, personal accounts, and companies. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was used to assess video quality from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). User engagement metrics were recorded to examine differences across videos. The analysis of videos revealed that healthy eating was the most frequently addressed ADCES7 self-care behavior, followed by reducing risk. In contrast, problem-solving and healthy coping were the least represented. Spanish-language videos emphasized healthy coping more than English content. Health care professionals' videos had higher GQS scores than personal accounts and companies. However, overall GQS scores remained low-engagement varied by source, with personal creators generating the highest levels of likes and comments. Traditional in-person diabetes education has limited accessibility, especially for various groups, including Hispanic communities. This study found that TikTok content often lacked high-quality and comprehensive coverage of ADCES7 self-care behaviors, with personal accounts generating the most engagement despite lower quality. Given TikTok's rapid growth, there is an urgent need to improve the quality of diabetes-management content to ensure users receive accurate and reliable information.
The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences and support needs for oral health self-care among older adults with type 2 diabetes. From November 2024 to January 2025, a descriptive qualitative study was conducted in China through individual semistructured interviews. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 23 participants were recruited. The findings are described in 3 themes and 6 subthemes. The first theme, perception of oral health: dental care is not a top priority in the context of aging, contained two subthemes: oral health illness perception and the role of diabetes and reliance on personal experience with limited knowledge and education. The second theme, oral health self-care: focusing on alleviating symptoms in oral health decisions, contained two subthemes: symptom-driving management and passive coping and adapting to oral changes to minimize the interruptions. The third theme, unmet support needs: multifaceted barriers and expectations in managing oral health, contained two subthemes: barriers to oral health-seeking behaviors and expectations for support from multiple stakeholders. The findings highlight the need for tailored oral health self-care education and support. Incorporating effective, culturally appropriate oral care into routine diabetes management is recommended to ensure high-quality care.
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Type 2 Diabetes Distress Assessment Tool (T2-DDAS) for use in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Brazil. Considering the risks arising from glycemic instability, emotional regulation has become fundamental in the management of T2DM. Therefore, having valid instruments to assess emotional stress is essential.MethodA methodological study was conducted consisting of the following steps: initial translation of the instrument by 2 independent bilingual translators, synthesis of the translated versions, back-translation by 2 additional bilingual translators, analysis by a committee of experts, pretesting of the consolidated version with 32 patients with T2DM treated at an adult outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital in southeastern Brazil, submission of the translated version to the author of the original instrument, and content validation. Content validity was verified using the content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and modified kappa, ensuring the adequacy of the items for the target population.ResultsMost items obtained a CVI ≥0.80, indicating good adequacy. Minor modifications were made based on participants' suggestions, improving the clarity of the items. The final version of the T2-DDAS in Brazilian Portuguese demonstrated high validity and adequacy for the Brazilian sociocultural context.ConclusionThe Brazilian version of the T2-DDAS showed semantic and conceptual equivalence with the original, having been validated with methodological rigor. The results confirm its applicability to assess emotional distress in people with T2DM in Brazil.
The purpose of this study was to describe adaptations and participant characteristics and engagement in family-focused diabetes self-management education (DSME) before and during a large-scale disruption in health care access and research participation, which prompted a pivot to virtual DSME. The study was conducted at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) serving a predominantly low-socioeconomic status Hispanic community. Two hundred twenty-two adults with type 2 diabetes (85% Hispanic) receiving care from the FQHC enrolled with a support person (SP); dyads were randomized to community health worker (CHW)-led dyad-focused Family Support for Diabetes Health Action (FAM-ACT) or patient-focused DSME. Survey, health record, and session data were compared between those enrolled before (n = 77) versus during the disruption (n = 145). In hybrid (virtual+in person) DSME, CHWs prioritized group discussion and shorter sessions emphasizing participants' personal health goals and social-emotional concerns. Enrollment was lower after versus before switching to hybrid (23% vs 30% recruited). Those with less complex diabetes and preferring Spanish enrolled at higher rates during hybrid offerings. Overall, patient DSME attendance slightly decreased during versus before hybrid implementation (mean -0.3 sessions/6) but increased in FAM-ACT patients (mean +0.3 sessions/6) and SPs (mean +0.5 sessions/6). During hybrid programs, patients choosing virtual attendance were more often female, living with children, have food insecurity and difficulty prioritizing diabetes over other demands. Group DSME delivered via hybrid sessions maintained participant engagement during a large-scale disruption in health care access by addressing language, health and social needs, life demands, and technological barriers. The underlying trial was registered with www. gov (NCT03812614, 01/18/2019).
The purpose of the study was to explore how faith and spirituality influence diabetes self-management among older Black adults with type 2 diabetes. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 21 older Black adults (ages 55+) living with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes in the Greater Toronto Area. Guided by Van Manen's interpretive phenomenology and analyzed thematically using NVivo, the researchers examined lived experiences through 4 lifeworld themes: corporeality, spatiality, relationality, and temporality. Four themes emerged: faith as inner strength (spiritual resilience), sanctuaries of the soul (sacred spaces for healing), guided by faith (faith in relationships and community), and faith through time (spiritual continuity and hope). Faith helped participants manage stress, regulate emotions, sustain self-care, and strengthen social and familial bonds while providing hope across the course of illness. Spirituality serves as a multidimensional resource in culturally responsive, person-centered diabetes care. Integrating faith-based perspectives into interventions can foster more holistic, contextually grounded approaches that enhance well-being and long-term adherence to self-management.
The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of adding a Tai Chi Easy (TCE) intervention to an asynchronously delivered online diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) program for working adults ages 40 to 64 years old diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participants attended the online intervention after providing informed consent. Recorded videos (45-minutes DSMES and 45-minutes TCE) were sent to participants via Research Electronic Data Capture twice weekly for 6 weeks. DSMES+TCE intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility was assessed postintervention using a validated tool. Using validated self-report measures and finger-worn sensors, physical health was assessed preintervention, and psychological health and health behaviors were assessed preintervention and postintervention. Twenty-eight participants (mean age = 51, 68% females) completed the study. Participants mainly used diet and exercise (71%) and oral medication (75%) to treat their T2DM but had elevated A1C levels (6.74 ± 1.16) preintervention. Participants reported 89% acceptability, 85% appropriateness, and 100% feasibility of the online DSMES+TCE intervention. Compared to preintervention, there was a reduction in diabetes-related distress, depression, stressful life events, and perceived stress and greater diabetes quality of life postintervention. In addition, they increased their daily total fruit and vegetable intake, reduced added sugar intake, and increased daily sleep duration postintervention compared to preintervention. The addition of TCE to the standardized DSMES curriculum was found to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible as a remotely delivered asynchronous online intervention for working adults ages 40 to 64 years with T2DM.
The purpose of the study was to assess a culturally tailored, family-focused diabetes self-management education and support intervention with community health worker (CHW) support among Black families with prediabetes and diabetes. The study enrolled 70 Black family members and assigned them CHWs for a 20-week diabetes prevention and self-management education and support intervention. Family members and CHWs were interviewed, and thematic analysis identified 4 themes associated with family-CHW dynamics that affected program outcomes: (1) family and CHW communication, (2) health literacy support, (3) technology support, and (4) program adherence support. The communication dynamics were bidirectional, and the health literacy, program adherence, and technology support flowed from CHWs to families. Participants appreciated that their CHWs were empathetic, relatable, adaptable, and good communicators, and both families and CHWs spoke of strong emotional and task-based bonds. CHWs' positive impact on adherence was confirmed. Data on health literacy and technology support activities identify families' additional needs to be successful in these programs. The study results on family-CHW dynamics add to the literature on family-based diabetes prevention and self-management education and support programs and the limited literature on how participants and CHWs interact, communicate, and share information during lengthy chronic disease programs. Expanding the public health impact of diabetes programs for Black adults may come from innovations in family-based programs supported by positive CHW interactions.
PurposeThe purpose of this integrative literature review was to assess barriers and facilitators to diabetes technology use among underrepresented racial and ethnic adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the United States.MethodsThis integrative review followed Whittemore and Knafl's methodology. A systematic database search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception through December 2024. The inclusion criteria were English-language primary studies on diabetes technology targeting adolescents and young adults with T1DM from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. Two independent reviewers identified articles for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed quality with the mixed-methods appraisal tool. The social ecological model guided thematic coding and deductive synthesis.ResultsOut of 1704 references, 8 articles met inclusion criteria. The most prevalent barriers to technology use were financial limitations, inadequate knowledge, limited patient-provider communication, insurance restrictions, lack of peer and family support, and cultural and psychosocial barriers. Facilitators included increased familiarity and support, positive experiences and involvement, effective communication, community-based education initiatives, and insurance and systemic advocacy.ConclusionThe review highlights persistent inequities in technology use among underrepresented racial-ethnic adolescents and young adults with T1DM. Actions should aim at preventing and reforming barriers, including racism and inequitable access, support for community-based interventions, and incentivize technological innovations for underrepresented individuals.
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to collect data from surveys and focus groups to describe the overall experiences and perceptions of racism of parents of non-Hispanic Black (NHB) children with diabetes.MethodsA concurrent mixed-methods research design was utilized. Surveys (General Intake, Brief Hypervigilance Scale) were obtained, and 5 focus groups (4 type 1 diabetes, 1 type 2 diabetes) were conducted with parents of NHB children followed at an urban pediatric diabetes center. A focus group guide was developed, and transcripts were coded and analyzed by the research team.ResultsForty-seven parents consented to participate in the study; 22 parents (47%) participated in 1 of 5 focus groups. Focus group participants were generally in good health and had higher education and income levels than nonparticipants. Hypervigilance (a heightened awareness to threat) was reported in parents, especially of those children with type 2 diabetes. Focus group themes related to experiences with diabetes management, including (1) communication with the diabetes team, (2) coping mechanisms, and (3) perceptions of medical racism.ConclusionsKey insights that emerged from the study included the importance of communicating openly with the diabetes team, the inequitable provision of diabetes technology, a desire for NHB role models, and high levels of hypervigilance in the participants. Innovative approaches, including trauma-informed care focused on patient/caregiver and parent voice, can help to address the racial disparities in the treatment and outcomes of youth with diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between diabetes-specific and overall medication regimen complexity and diabetes distress among adults with type 2 diabetes. This study examined data from 220 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension and persistently elevated A1C, who were recruited for a remote monitoring-enabled telehealth trial (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05120544). Chart review was performed to obtain prescription data to determine medication regimen complexity using the validated medication regimen complexity index. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the link between regimen complexity and Diabetes Distress Scale and subscale scores, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and comorbidities. Study sample was 64% women, 68% Black, with a mean age of 54.5. The mean A1C was 9.8% (84 mmol/mol), and 63% reported moderate to high distress. The study population was prescribed a mean of 2.9 diabetes medications and 11.5 overall long-term medications. The mean diabetes-specific and overall Medication Regimen Complexity Index were 11.5 and 30.2, respectively. No statistically significant associations between diabetes-specific or overall medication regimen complexity and diabetes distress were identified. Overall medication regimen complexity was negatively associated with regimen-related diabetes distress. Medication regimen complexity did not significantly impact the association between diabetes distress and A1C. Participants with high overall medication regimen complexity had lower regimen-related diabetes distress. Further studies are needed to evaluate associations between medication regimen complexity and diabetes distress while ensuring sufficient statistical power.
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the association between the level of oral health knowledge (OHK), the risk of periodontitis, and diabetes management self-efficacy (DMSE) among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 93 adults with T2DM in central Texas was used to examine OHK levels with descriptive analyses; 5 hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to explore the impact of OHK and periodontitis risk on DMSE.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 59.60 ± 12.76 years, 54.8% were female, and 54.8% were White. Their average duration of having diabetes was 12.17 ± 11.27 years, and 77.4% took oral medications. Their average A1C was 6.75 ± 1.56; nearly half (47.3%) had more than 1 comorbidity. The risk of periodontitis was high, and the level of OHK was low. On average, 65% of the OHK questions were answered correctly; the 2 questions with the lowest rates of being answered correctly were related to dry mouth risks. Forty-two percent of participants were at risk of periodontitis. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that only the risk of periodontitis significantly predicted DMSE in managing diet, DMSE in managing exercise and weight, and overall DMSE after controlling for age, gender, number of comorbidities, duration of diabetes, and treatment types.ConclusionsHealth care providers should proactively assess OHK and periodontitis risk, especially when patients indicate low efficacy concerning diet and body weight management.
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality, reliability, and informational adequacy of YouTube videos related to the installation and replacement of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) systems.MethodsThis descriptive and correlational study evaluated 460 videos retrieved using the keywords "CGM installation" and "CGM replacement" and analyzed 35 videos that met the inclusion criteria. Videos were assessed using 3 tools: the DISCERN instrument, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and the 24-item CGM Informational Survey (CIS) developed by the researchers.ResultsThe majority of videos (80%) were user-generated, and only 2.9% were uploaded by health care professionals. The average GQS score was 2.80, DISCERN 34.57, and CIS 11.86, indicating moderate to low quality and informativeness. Video duration showed strong positive correlations with CIS (r = .80), DISCERN (r = .64), and GQS (r = .71) scores (P < .001). Videos with high information scores were significantly longer and more comprehensive than low-scoring ones. No significant correlation was found between follower count and content quality. The most frequently shared YouTube videos were related to the Dexcom CGM System (34.3%) and the FreeStyle Libre CGM System (25.7%).ConclusionsYouTube videos related to CGM installation and replacement are largely insufficient in terms of medical accuracy and completeness. Given the growing reliance on digital health information, it is essential for health care professionals to produce accurate, standardized, and accessible video content to support safe diabetes self-management and improve public health literacy.
PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of telehealth on glycemic stability, blood sugar, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.MethodsNine electronic databases were used for searching for published and unpublished randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted between 2010 and 2022, supplemented by hand search on references of relevant reviews. Two independent reviewers screened, appraised, and extracted data using standardized tools. Meta-analyses were performed using review manager software. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were conducted.ResultsTwenty-three RCTs were included. Most studies supported the positive effects of telehealth interventions on glycemic stability and blood sugar, varying from small to large effect sizes. However, the pooled effect of QoL was very small. The use of mobile applications and telephone-delivered interventions appeared to be more effective than the internet platform. Studies conducted on young adults with type 1 diabetes and in European countries showed stronger effects.ConclusionsThis review suggested that telehealth interventions had the potential to improve glycemic stability and blood sugar. Health care professionals may adopt telehealth interventions for people with type 1 diabetes. Future research may explore participants' experiences of the telehealth interventions in Asian countries.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glycemic control and quality of life (QoL) among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) managed within primary care settings. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 4 databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through July 9, 2025. Eligible trials reported on A1C, QoL, diabetes distress, and device satisfaction. Shorter term (6-8 months) and longer term (12-14 months) A1C outcomes were synthesized using random effects meta-analysis models. Of 739 records, 4 multisite RCTs (6 reports) met inclusion criteria and represent data from 566 adults with T2DM in primary care settings. Two trials utilized real time CGM, while others employed retrospective or intermittently scanned CGM. Participants attended primary care visits during the trial, receiving diabetes management and medication changes as required. The CGM intervention significantly improved glycemic control with pooled A1C reduction of -0.46% at 6 to 8 months and -0.33% at 12 to 14 months and device satisfaction with no differences in QoL. These results demonstrate that CGM significantly improves glycemic control with no change in QoL among adults with T2DM in primary care and suggest that CGM utilization within this setting offers distinct advantages in patient engagement and diabetes management, particularly when integrated through a multidisciplinary team approach. Future research should prioritize populations currently ineligible for CGM coverage, such as non-insulin-using patients and underserved groups, while also investigating the impact of updated sensors' accuracy on clinical outcomes.